Changes of Vine Water Status and Growth Parameters Under Different Canopy Managements on cv. Merlot (Vitis vinifera L.)

Öz

İklim, asma fizyolojisi, asma büyümesi, taç mikrokliması, meyve kalitesi ve son olarak şarap bileşenlerini güçlü bir şekilde kontrol ettiği için bir bağcılık bölgesindeki yetiştiricilik yöntemini belirleyen baskın düzenleyicidir. Diğer yandan iklim değişikliğinin etkileri, üreticileri bu değişikliklere uyum sağlamak konusunda yeni çözümler üretmeye zorlamaktadır. Bağlarda su yönetiminin önemi, sürdürülebilir bağcılık ve şarapçılık için her geçen gün daha da artmaktadır. Suyun verimli kullanılması, verimin kontrol altına alınması ve hedeflenen tane kalitesinin istenilen düzeyde sağlanması için önemli bir konudur. Bu deneme, yeşil budama uygulamalarının 12-14 yaşındaki, Kober 5BB anacı üzerine aşılanmış Merlot (Vitis vinifera L.) çeşidi asmalarda yaprak su potansiyellerine etkilerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla 2013-2014 ve 2015 yıllarında Tekirdağ Bağcılık Araştırma Enstitüsü, Türkiye’ de yürütülmüştür. Tesadüf blokları deneme deseninde yürütülen araştırmada LRMS1, LRMS2, LRMS3 uygulamaları ana sürgünler üzerinde uygulanmış üç farklı yaprak alımı seviyesini, LRLS1, LRLS2, LRLS3 uygulamaları koltuk sürgünleri üzerinde uygulanmış üç farklı yaprak alımı seviyesini ifade etmektedir. Bağ şartlarındaki nispeten yüksek toprak nemi nedeniyle deneme yıllarında aşırı ve yüksek su stresi seviyeleri gözlenmemiştir. Merlot asmalarında su durumu kontrolünün büyük ölçüde yetiştirme dönemindeki mezoklimatik koşullar ve toprak su potansiyeline bağlı olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bununla birlikte ana sürgün boyundaki artışın su stresini artırdığı gözlenmiştir. Koltuk sürgünlerinde yapılan yaprak alma uygulamalarının özellikle 2014 yılında sürgün ağırlığı, budama ağırlığı ve Ravaz indeksinde (RI) değişikliklere neden olduğu, 2015 yılında ise ana sürgünlerde yapılan yaprak alma uygulamalarının aynı parametrelerdeki değişikliklerde etkili olduğu belirlenmiştir. Taç yönetimi uygulamaları planlamasının yıllar ölçeğinde uzun ve orta vadeli meteorolojik değerlendirmeler dikkate alınarak, kısa vadeli planlamanın ise vejetasyon dönemi içinde haftalık ve aylık meteorolojik veriler dikkate alınarak yapılması gerektiği değerlendirilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• İklim
• yaprak su potansiyeli(Ψyaprak)
• Yaprak alma
• Yağış
• Su stresi

Changes of Vine Water Status and Growth Parameters Under Different Canopy Managements on cv. Merlot (Vitis vinifera L.)

Öz

The climate is the dominant regulator that determines the cultivation in a viticulture region as it strongly controls vine physiology, vine growth, canopy microclimate, berry quality and finally wine components. However, the effects of climate change force vine producers to find solutions that will facilitate their adaptation processes. The importance of water management in vineyards is becoming more important every day for sustainable viticulture and winemaking. Efficient use of water in vineyards is an important issue to control the yield and to provide the targeted berry quality at the desired level. This experiment was carried out during the 2013-2014 and 2015 growing seasons to evaluate the effects of green pruning practices on water leaf potentials of 12-14 years old grapevines of cv. Merlot (Vitis vinifera L.) grafted onto Kober 5BB in the experimental vineyard of Tekirdag Viticulture Research Institute in Turkey. A completely randomized block design was used: LRMS1, LRMS2, LRMS3 represent three levels of leaf removal treatments on main shoots and LRLS1, LRLS2, LRLS3 represent three levels of leaf removal treatments on lateral shoots. Due to the relatively high soil moisture in vineyard conditions, no extreme and high-water stress levels was observed in experiment years. The main factor controlling the water status in cv. Merlot vines was largely dependent on the meso-climatic conditions and soil water availability during the growing season. However it was observed that increasing of main shoot length give rise to tendency to water stress. It was determined that leaf removal treatments on lateral shoots caused changes in shoot weight, pruning weight and Ravaz index (RI), especially in 2014 whereas the leaf removal treatments on main shoots caused changes in mentioned parameters in 2015. In conclusion, the results show that plant water condition can be managed with summer pruning taking into account of different climatic conditions and different phenological stages. Planning of canopy management practices should be done by considering long- and medium-term meteorological evaluations while short-term planning within vegetation period should be done in relation to weekly and monthly meteorological data.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• climate
• leaf removal
• leaf water potential (Ψleaf)
• Precipitation
• Water stress

Kaynakça

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