Türkiye Koyun Varlığına Yeni Bir Bakış: Karar Ağacı ile Sınıflama

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 21 Sayı: 4, 966 - 979, 20.09.2024

Çağrı Kandemir , Çiğdem Takma , Turgay Taşkın

https://doi.org/10.33462/jotaf.1390307

Öz

Karar ağaçları özellikler arasındaki neden-sonuç ilişkisini ya da sınıflandırmayı görsel diyagramlarla kolay yorumlanmasını sağlayan, parametrik varsayımlara gerek duymayan veri madenciliği algoritmalarıdır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye'de yetiştirilen farklı koyun ırklarının orijin ve kuyruk yapısı özelliklerine göre karar ağacı algoritması kullanarak sınıflandırmaktır. Düşük risk değerleri elde edilerek, koyun ırklarının sınıflandırılmasında CART algoritmasının yeterli olduğu görülmüştür. Çalışma sonuçlarına göre, yerli koyun ırklarının Doğu Anadolu, Akdeniz, Karadeniz ve İç Anadolu Bölgelerine ve ithal ırkların ise Türkiye’nin tüm bölgelerine dağıldığı görülmektedir. Bu koyun ırkların toplam popülasyonu 43.889.918 baş olarak belirlenmiştir. Toplam koyun varlığı içerisinde Akkaraman ırkı %40,88 oranı ile ilk sırada yer almaktadır. Bunu %11.68 oranla Morkaraman ırkı takip etmektedir. Üçüncü sırada ise en çok yetiştirilen tür %8.82 ile Kıvırcık koyunudur. Merinos koyunu ise %8.43 ile dördüncü sırada yer almaktadır. İvesi koyunları ise en yaygın ırklar arasında beşinci sırada yer almaktadır. Böylelikle koyun ırklarının Türkiye’deki dağılımı da ortaya konmuştur ve çevresel şartlara göre ırkların dağılımı belirlenmiştir. Türkiye'deki koyun ırklarının kuyruk yapılarına göre dağılımına ilişkin CART algoritması ile oluşturulan karar ağacı modelinin risk değeri düşük (0.47) bulunmuştur. İnce kuyruk yapısına sahip koyunların oranı %52.2 iken, yarı yağlı kuyruk yapısına sahip koyunların oranı %17,5, yağlı kuyruk yapısına sahip koyunların oranı ise %30.2'dir. Türkiye’ de ince kuyruklu koyun ırkları daha yaygın olarak yetiştirildiği belirlenmiştir. Çalışmada koyun varlığının kökenine göre göre bölgelere dağılımına yönelik CART algoritması ile oluşturulan karar ağacı modelinin risk değeri düşük bulunmuştur (0.26) ve doğru sınıflandırma oranı %74’ dir. Araştırmada koyunların yüzde 73.9'u yerli, yüzde 26.1'i ise ithal koyunlardan olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bölgelere göre köken dağılımı incelendiğinde ithal koyun sayısının en az olduğu bölge Doğu Anadolu'da, en yüksek oranda ise Akdeniz ve Karadeniz bölgeleridir. Yerli koyun oranının en düşük olduğu bölge Akdeniz ve Karadeniz (%70.4) olurken, en yüksek oranın ise %82.6 ile Doğu Anadolu bölgesi olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Koyun sayısı, Sınıflandırma, Karar ağacı, Koyun ırkları

A New Perspective on Türkiye's Sheep Population: Classification with Decision Trees

Öz

Decision trees are data mining algorithms that make interpreting the cause-effect relationship or classification between features with visual diagrams easy and do not require parametric assumptions. The aim of this study is to classify different sheep breeds raised in Turkey according to their origin and tail structure characteristics using a decision tree algorithm. It has been seen that the CART (Classification and Regression Trees) algorithm is sufficient for the classification of sheep breeds by obtaining low-risk values. According to the results of the study, it is seen that domestic sheep breeds are distributed to Eastern Anatolia, Mediterranean, Black Sea, and Central Anatolia Regions and imported breeds are distributed to all regions of Türkiye. The total population of these breeds was determined as 43.889.918 heads. As it can be understood, the Akkaraman breed ranks first with a rate of 40.88% of the total sheep stock. Next comes the Morkaraman breed with a rate of 11.68%. Thirdly, the most cultivated breed is Kıvırcık, whose rate is 8.82%. Merino sheep comes in fourth place with 8.43%. Awassi sheep are among the most common breeds in the fifth place. Hereby the distribution of sheep breeds in Türkiye has also been revealed and the distribution of breeds according to environmental conditions has been determined. The decision tree model generated using the CART algorithm for the distribution of sheep breeds in Turkey based on tail structures has been found to have a value (0.47). The proportion of sheep with a thin tail structure is 52.2%, while those with a semi-fatty tail structure are 17.5%, and those with a fatty tail structure are 30.2%. It has been determined that sheep breeds with thin tails are more commonly raised in Turkey. In the study, a decision tree model was also created using the CART algorithm to analyze the distribution of sheep populations in regions based on their origin, and it was found to have a value (0.26) with an accuracy rate of 74%. According to the research, 73.9% of sheep are domestic, while 26.1% are imported. When examining the distribution of origin by region, the region with the least number of imported sheep is Eastern Anatolia, while the highest proportions are found in the Mediterranean and Black Sea regions. The region with the lowest proportion of domestic sheep is the Mediterranean and Black Sea (70.4%), whereas the highest proportion is in the Eastern Anatolia region (82.6%).

Anahtar Kelimeler

Sheep number, Classification, Decision tree, Sheep breeds

Teşekkür

We would like to thank the Izmir Provincial Director and Staff of the T.C. Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, who helped carry out the study and share the current figures.

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