Presenting Strategy Suggestions with DEMATEL Method for Reducing Waste in the Public

Öz

Public waste is one of the most important problems that puts the economy of countries in trouble. Because of this problem, countries run a significant budget deficit. The current budget deficit also causes the economy to become even more fragile. The aim of this study is to determine the most important factors that cause public waste. In this direction, first of all, a comprehensive literature analysis was carried out. In this context, four main factors affecting public waste have been identified. The four different variables taken into account in this process are that the capacity of the personnel is not utilized sufficiently, the necessary inspections are not made, the procedures are not clearly defined and the purchased equipment is not used efficiently. Then, it is aimed to determine which of these variables is the most important. In this process, DEMATEL method was used. According to the results of the analysis obtained, it was determined that the lack of clear determination of the procedures was the most important reason for public waste. In order to minimize this problem, it was concluded that the procedures should be clearly defined first. Thanks to the clearly defined procedures, the job descriptions of the civil servants will be understood correctly. In this way, everyone will be able to carry out their responsibilities more effectively. In addition to the mentioned point, it will be possible to use the equipment in public buildings more accurately, thanks to the clear determination of the procedures.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• İsraf
• Kamu Harcamaları
• Çok Kriterli Karar Verme
• DEMATEL

Kamudaki İsrafın Azaltılması İçin DEMATEL Yöntemi Yardımıyla Strateji Önerilerinin Sunulması

Öz

Öz: Kamu israfı ülkelerin ekonomisini zora sokan en önemli problemlerden biridir. Bu problem yüzünden ülkeler önemli miktarda bütçe açığı vermektedirler. Yaşanan bütçe açığı da ekonominin daha da kırılgan olmasına sebebiyet vermektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı kamu israfına neden olan en önemli faktörlerin belirlenmesidir. Bu doğrultuda, öncelikli olarak kapsamlı bir literatür analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu bağlamda, kamu israfı üzerinde etkili olan temel dört faktör belirlenmiştir. Personelin kapasitesinden yeterli miktarda faydalanılmaması, gerekli denetimlerin yapılmaması, prosedürlerin net olarak belirlenmemesi ve satın alınan ekipmanların verimli olarak kullanılmaması bu süreçte dikkate alınan dört farklı değişkendir. Daha sonra, bu değişkenler arasından hangisinin en önemli olduğunun belirlenmesi hedeflenmiştir. Bu süreçte ise DEMATEL yönteminden faydalanılmıştır. Elde edilen analiz sonuçlarına göre, prosedürlerin net olarak belirlenmemesi durumunun kamu israfındaki en önemli neden olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu problemin minimize edilebilmesi için öncelikle prosedürlerin net olarak belirlenmesi gerektiği sonucuna varılmıştır. Net olarak belirlenen prosedürler sayesinde kamu personelinin iş tanımları doğru bir şekilde anlaşılmış olacaktır. Bu sayede, herkes sorumluluklarını daha etkin bir şekilde yürütebilecektir. Belirtilen hususa ek olarak, prosedürlerin net olarak belirlenmesi sayesinde kamu binalarında bulunan ekipmanların da daha doğru bir şekilde kullanılabilmesi mümkün olabilecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• İsraf
• Kamu Harcamaları
• Çok Kriterli Karar Verme
• DEMATEL

Kaynakça

1. [1] Tian, J., Gong, Y., Li, Y., Chen, X., Zhang, L., & Sun, Y. (2022). Can policy implementation increase public waste sorting behavior? The comparison between regions with and without waste sorting policy implementation in China. Journal of Cleaner Production, 132401.
2. [2] Borchard, R., Zeiss, R., & Recker, J. (2022). Digitalization of waste management: Insights from German private and public waste management firms. Waste Management & Research, 40(6), 775-792.
3. [3] Deme, G. G., Ewusi-Mensah, D., Olagbaju, O. A., Okeke, E. S., Okoye, C. O., Odii, E. C., ... & Sanganyado, E. (2022). Macro problems from microplastics: Toward a sustainable policy framework for managing microplastic waste in Africa. Science of The Total Environment, 804, 150170.
4. [4] Ma, G., Ren, T., Zheng, J., Ding, T., & Liu, J. (2022). Incentive strategy models of household waste separation based on cost uncertainties: A perspective of social networks. Journal of Cleaner Production, 132429.
5. [5] Zhou, B., Qi, F., Riaz, M. F., & Ali, T. (2022). An Analysis of the Factors behind Rural Residents’ Satisfaction with Residential Waste Management in Jiangxi, China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(21), 14220.
6. [6] Lu, J., Rong, D., Lev, B., Liang, M., Zhang, C., & Gao, Y. (2023). Constraints affecting the promotion of waste incineration power generation project in China: A perspective of improved technology acceptance model. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 186, 122165.
7. [7] Khan, M. A. (1992). Theoretical studies in Islamic banking and finance. Theoretical Studies in Islamic Banking and Finance.
8. [8] Krause, M., & Lahmann, A. (2022). The tax advantage of public firms over private firms in the German household solid waste disposal industry. Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics.

9. [9] Dobrilovic, D., Jotanovic, G., Stjepanovic, A., Jausevac, G., & Perakovic, D. (2022). A Model of UAV-Based Waste Monitoring System for Urban Areas. In Cyber Security, Privacy and Networking (pp. 309-319). Springer, Singapore.
10. [10] Zhang, G., Zhou, S., Xia, X., Yüksel, S., Baş, H., & Dincer, H. (2020). Strategic mapping of youth unemployment with interval-valued intuitionistic hesitant fuzzy DEMATEL based on 2-tuple linguistic values. IEEE Access, 8, 25706-25721.
11. [11] Zhong, J., Hu, X., Yüksel, S., Dinçer, H., & Ubay, G. G. (2020). Analyzing the investments strategies for renewable energies based on multi-criteria decision model. IEEE Access, 8, 118818-118840.
12. [12] Qiu, D., Dinçer, H., Yüksel, S., & Ubay, G. G. (2020). Multi-faceted analysis of systematic risk-based wind energy investment decisions in E7 economies using modified hybrid modeling with IT2 fuzzy sets. Energies, 13(6), 1423.
13. [13] Li, X., Zhu, S., Yüksel, S., Dinçer, H., & Ubay, G. G. (2020). Kano-based mapping of innovation strategies for renewable energy alternatives using hybrid interval type-2 fuzzy decision-making approach. Energy, 211, 118679.
14. [14] Delen, D., Dorokhov, O., Dorokhova, L., Dinçer, H., & Yüksel, S. (2020). Balanced scorecard-based analysis of customer expectations for cosmetology services: a hybrid decision modeling approach. Journal of Management Analytics, 7(4), 532-563.
15. [15] Cheng, F., Lin, M., Yüksel, S., Dinçer, H., & Kalkavan, H. (2020). A hybrid hesitant 2-tuple IVSF decision making approach to analyze PERT-based critical paths of new service development process for renewable energy investment projects. IEEE Access, 9, 3947-3969.
16. [16] Qi, W., Huang, Z., Dinçer, H., Korsakienė, R., & Yüksel, S. (2020). Corporate governance-based strategic approach to sustainability in energy industry of emerging economies with a novel interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy hybrid decision making model. Sustainability, 12(8), 3307.
17. [17] Yılmaz, M., & Sezgin, A. C. (2022). Türkiyede Faaliyet Gösteren Konaklama İşletmelerinde Gıda İsraf Boyutunun Belirlenmesi: Helal Konseptli Oteller Çerçevesinde Bir Araştırma. Journal of Tourism and Gastronomy Studies, 10(1), 732-753.
18. [18] Büyükarıkan, U. (2021). Example of Application According to the Value Stream Costing Method in an Agribusiness Producing Apple
19. [19] Can, G., & Taş, E. F. (2021). Yapım sürecine etki eden ve fiziksel olmayan israf nedenlerinin analizi. Journal of the Faculty of Engineering & Architecture of Gazi University, 36(2).
20. [20] Anwar, M., & Husnain, M. (2021). The Promotion of Isrāf and Tabzīr Through Islamic Finance A myth or Reality. Al-Az̤vā, 36(56), 47-56.
21. [21] Rozana, A., Dwarawati, D., Nugrahawati, E. N., Azalea, N., & Prameswari, A. (2022). Israf and impulsive buying in Universitas Islam Bandung students. In Islam, Media and Education in the Digital Era (pp. 224-227). Routledge.
22. [22] Buzlu, M. Ö., Yavuz, G., Kamil, U. N. U. R., & Dilek, A. T. Ç. I. (2015). Kızkalesi’ni ziyaret eden yerli turistlerin davranışsal profili ve Kızkalesi’nin turizm destinasyonu olarak sorunları. Journal of Tourism Theory and Research, 5(2), 212-227.
23. [23] Tekin, Ö. A., Yüce, S., & Ergürbüz, E. (2021). Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Gıda İsrafı Tutumları Üzerine Ampirik Bir Araştırma. Co-Editors.
24. [24] Tekiner, İ. H., Mercan, N. N., Kahraman, A., & Mervenur, Ö. Z. E. L. (2021). Dünya ve Türkiye’de gıda israfı ve kaybına genel bir bakış. İstanbul Sabahattin Zaim Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 3(2), 123-128.
25. [25] Batool, S., Yasin, Z., & Islam, M. (2021). Role of Instagram in Promoting Extravagant Wedding Trends: An Analysis of Social Pressures on the Middle Class. Journal of Management Practices, Humanities and Social Sciences, 5(2), 01-09.
26. [26] Hanif, M. W., Hafeez, S., Iqbal, N., Shah, S. A. M., & Afridi, M. A. (2021). Wastophobia: A Path Towards Sustainability in Responsible Behavior-A Case of Domestic Sector Electricity Waste Management. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 11(5), 121.
27. [27] Ak, Ö. (2018). Muhafazakâr kesimin aşırı tüketim alışkanlıklarını belirleyen nedenler ve israf boyutu Türkiye Malezya karşılaştırması (Master's thesis, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü).
28. [28] Kara, S. H. (2021). Kur’an-ı Kerim Işığında İsraf ve Cimriliğin İktisadi Sonuçları. İslam Ekonomisi ve Finansı Dergisi (İEFD), 2021, 6(2), 238-274.
29. [29] Kaya, S. (2021). Çevre Sorunları Bağlamında Kur’an Temelli İsraf Anlayışı ve Vicdani Boşluğun Telâfisi Meselesi. Sürdürülebilir Çevre Dergisi, 1(1), 37-48.
30. [30] Böke, E. G. (2021). İslâm'da İsraf ve Çevre İlişkisi. Academic Platform Journal of Halal Lifestyle, 2021, 3(1), 54-72.
31. [31] Özdal, E. (2015). Hadislerde İsraf ve İktisat. Harran Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Şanlıurfa.
32. [32] Jun, Q., Dinçer, H., & Yüksel, S. (2021). Stochastic hybrid decision‐making based on interval type 2 fuzzy sets for measuring the innovation capacities of financial institutions. International Journal of Finance & Economics, 26(1), 573-593.
33. [33] Meng, Y., Zhou, R., Dinçer, H., Yüksel, S., & Wang, C. (2021). Analysis of inventive problem-solving capacities for renewable energy storage investments. Energy Reports, 7, 4779-4791.
34. [34] Yuksel, S., & Zengin, S. (2016). A comparison of the views of internal controllers/auditors and branch/call center personnel of the banks for operational risk: A case for Turkish banking sector. International Journal of Finance & Banking Studies (2147-4486), 5(4), 10-29.
35. [35] Yuan, J., Zhang, Z. M., Yüksel, S., & Dinçer, H. (2020). Evaluating recognitive balanced scorecard-based quality improvement strategies of energy investments with the integrated hesitant 2-tuple interval-valued Pythagorean fuzzy decision-making approach to QFD. IEEE Access, 8, 171112-171128.
36. [36] Cheng, F., Lin, M., Yüksel, S., Dinçer, H., & Kalkavan, H. (2020). A hybrid hesitant 2-tuple IVSF decision making approach to analyze PERT-based critical paths of new service development process for renewable energy investment projects. IEEE Access, 9, 3947-3969.
37. [37] Li, W., Yüksel, S., & Dinçer, H. (2022). Understanding the financial innovation priorities for renewable energy investors via QFD-based picture fuzzy and rough numbers. Financial Innovation, 8(1), 1-30.
38. [38] Zhou, P., Luo, J., Cheng, F., Yüksel, S., & Dinçer, H. (2021). Analysis of risk priorities for renewable energy investment projects using a hybrid IT2 hesitant fuzzy decision-making approach with alpha cuts. Energy, 224, 120184.
39. [39] Kafka, K. I., Dinçer, H., & Yüksel, S. (2022). Impact-Relation Map of Innovative Service Development Regarding the Sustainable Growth for Emerging Markets. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 1-24.
40. [40] Bhuiyan, M. A., Dinçer, H., Yüksel, S., Mikhaylov, A., Danish, M. S. S., Pinter, G., ... & Stepanova, D. (2022). Economic indicators and bioenergy supply in developed economies: QROF-DEMATEL and random forest models. Energy Reports, 8, 561-570.
41. [41] Sun, L., Peng, J., Dinçer, H., & Yüksel, S. (2022). Coalition-oriented strategic selection of renewable energy system alternatives using q-ROF DEMATEL with golden cut. Energy, 256, 124606.
42. [42] Yüksel, S., & Dinçer, H. (2022). Identifying the strategic priorities of nuclear energy investments using hesitant 2-tuple interval-valued Pythagorean fuzzy DEMATEL. Progress in Nuclear Energy, 145, 104103.
43. [43] Xie, Y., Zhou, Y., Peng, Y., Dinçer, H., Yüksel, S., & an Xiang, P. (2021). An extended pythagorean fuzzy approach to group decision-making with incomplete preferences for analyzing balanced scorecard-based renewable energy investments. IEEE Access, 9, 43020-43035.
44. [44] Fang, S., Zhou, P., Dinçer, H., & Yüksel, S. (2021). Assessment of safety management system on energy investment risk using house of quality based on hybrid stochastic interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy decision-making approach. Safety Science, 141, 105333.
45. [45] Yuan, G., Xie, F., Dinçer, H., & Yüksel, S. (2021). The theory of inventive problem solving (TRIZ)‐based strategic mapping of green nuclear energy investments with spherical fuzzy group decision‐making approach. International Journal of Energy Research, 45(8), 12284-12300.
46. [46] Haiyun, C., Zhixiong, H., Yüksel, S., & Dinçer, H. (2021). Analysis of the innovation strategies for green supply chain management in the energy industry using the QFD-based hybrid interval valued intuitionistic fuzzy decision approach. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 143, 110844.
47. [47] Kou, G., Olgu Akdeniz, Ö., Dinçer, H., & Yüksel, S. (2021). Fintech investments in European banks: a hybrid IT2 fuzzy multidimensional decision-making approach. Financial Innovation, 7(1), 1-28.
48. [48] Yüksel, S., Mikhaylov, A., & Ubay, G. G. (2021). Factors causing delay in the installation of nuclear power plants. In Strategic approaches to energy management (pp. 75-88). Springer, Cham.
49. [49] Liu, J., Lv, J., Dinçer, H., Yüksel, S., & Karakuş, H. (2021). Selection of renewable energy alternatives for green blockchain investments: A hybrid IT2-based fuzzy modelling. Archives of Computational Methods in Engineering, 28(5), 3687-3701.
50. [50] Ding, Z., Yüksel, S., & Dincer, H. (2021). An Integrated Pythagorean fuzzy soft computing approach to environmental management systems for sustainable energy pricing. Energy Reports, 7, 5575-5588.
51. [51] Meng, Y., Zhou, R., Dinçer, H., Yüksel, S., & Wang, C. (2021). Analysis of inventive problem-solving capacities for renewable energy storage investments. Energy Reports, 7, 4779-4791.
52. [52] Kalkavan, H., Baş, H., Ersin, İ., Eti, S., & Yüksel, S. (2021). Defining appropriate government strategies to reduce unemployment during COVID-19 pandemics. In Management Strategies to Survive in a Competitive Environment (pp. 155-172). Springer, Cham.
53. [53] Shang, H., Su, F., Yüksel, S., & Dinçer, H. (2021). Identifying the strategic priorities of the technical factors for the sustainable low carbon industry based on macroeconomic conditions. SAGE Open, 11(2), 21582440211016345.
54. [54] Dinçer, H., Baykal, E., & Yüksel, S. (2021). Analysis of spiritual leadership and ethical climate for banking industry using an integrated IT2 fuzzy decision-making model. Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, 40(1), 1443-1455.
55. [55] B. Leblebicioğlu and A. Keskin , "Evaluation of Supplier Selection Criteria with Fuzzy DEMATEL Method: An Application on the Pharmacy Industry", Avrupa Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, no. 23, pp. 236-242, Apr. 2021, doi:10.31590/ejosat.864116
56. [56] Özgül, E., Dinçer, H., & Yüksel, S. (2021). HoQ-based evaluation of UHC competencies using an extension of interval-valued spherical fuzzy and hesitant 2-tuple linguistic term sets. Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, 40(6), 11671-11689.