Araştırma Makalesi

AVIAN SYMBOLISM AND CULTURAL MEMORY: EXPLORING BIODIVERSITY AND URBANIZATION IN TURKISH AND AMERICAN LITERATURE

Sayı: 11 29 Haziran 2023
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AVIAN SYMBOLISM AND CULTURAL MEMORY: EXPLORING BIODIVERSITY AND URBANIZATION IN TURKISH AND AMERICAN LITERATURE

Abstract

This article aims to examine one of the key principles of environmental philosophy, the direct relationship between cultural memory and biodiversity, in the context of three literary works selected from Turkish and American literature. These works trace a process of change in cultural texture due to rapid urbanization and population growth, as well as social transformations experienced just before and after rapid industrialization periods. Another common point is that all three of them deal with different aspects of bird hunting. Bird symbolism has been used effectively to highlight the contrast between rural and urban cultures. In addition to these symbolic relationships based on the natural characteristics of the birds, these texts use different aspects of avian life to interpret multiple layers of meaning, enriched by intercultural and intracultural references provided by history and tradition. It should be underlined that these fictional narratives, which sometimes use the natural environment for allegorical purposes, do not have didactic qualities. These ecocentric texts use birds not only in their traditional symbolic meaning, but also, either as a character or a theme, as real beings. By establishing a direct relationship between urbanization and reduction of biodiversity, inseparable role of birds in the cycles of nature, of which human beings are also a part, is emphasized. Finally, in this study, besides their cultural and historical importance, contribution of birds to the sustainability of biodiversity is discussed through the following literary works: Two of them, 'The Last Birds' and The Birds Have Also Gone, compare the value judgments and lifestyles of Istanbul’s pre-industrial urban era with the post-industrial situation. The last one, ‘A White Heron’, focuses on the relationship between rural life experiences and environmental awareness. This comparison leads to the conclusion that industrial urban life poses a significant obstacle to appreciating the intrinsic value of nature.

Keywords

Kaynakça

  1. Abasıyanık, S. F. (1983). A Dot on the Map: Selected Stories and Poems. Halman, T. S. & Warner, J. L. (eds.), Indiana University Turkish Studies.
  2. Akyol, Ö. (2018). A Deep Ecological Reading of Yaşar Kemal's The Birds Have Also Gone. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi (32), 237-242.
  3. Avcı, S. (2005). Two Papers About Urbanization in Turkey: Cities and Urban Population & Faults, Earthquakes and Cities. İstanbul: Çantay
  4. Britannica, T. Editors of Encyclopaedia (2017, December 4). Sylviidae. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/animal/Sylviidae
  5. Carson, R. (2002). The Silent Spring. New York: Mariner Books
  6. Donovan, J. (1991). Silence or Capitulation: Prepatriarchal ‘Mother’s Gardens’ in Jewett and Freeman. In S. Marchalonis (ed.), Critical Essays on Mary Wilkins Freeman. (pp. 151–156). Boston: Hall.
  7. Egan, M. (2007). Barry Commoner and the Science of Survival the Remaking of American Environmentalism. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press.
  8. Egwumah, F.A., Egwumah, P.O., Edet, D.I. (2017). Paramount roles of wild birds as bioindicators of contamination. International Journal of Avian & Wildlife Biology 2(1). 194-200. DOI: 10.15406/ijawb.2017.02.00041

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Kuzey Amerika Dilleri, Edebiyatları ve Kültürleri , Edebi Çalışmalar , Sanat ve Edebiyat

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yayımlanma Tarihi

29 Haziran 2023

Gönderilme Tarihi

6 Nisan 2023

Kabul Tarihi

23 Mayıs 2023

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2023 Sayı: 11

Kaynak Göster

APA
Koç, İ. (2023). AVIAN SYMBOLISM AND CULTURAL MEMORY: EXPLORING BIODIVERSITY AND URBANIZATION IN TURKISH AND AMERICAN LITERATURE. Toplum ve Kültür Araştırmaları Dergisi, 11, 106-128. https://doi.org/10.48131/jscs.1278464