Otizmli Çocuklarda Müzik Terapisinin Duyusal İşlemleme, Adaptif Davranış ve Sosyal Etkileşim Üzerine Etkisi

Öz

Amaç: Otizmli çocuklarda duyusal işlemleme güçlükleri, adaptif davranış sınırlılıkları ve sosyal etkileşim zorlukları sıkça gözlenmektedir. Bu çalışmada otizm spektrum bozukluğu olan çocuklarda müzik terapisinin duyusal işlemleme, adaptif davranış ve sosyal etkileşim üzerine etkilerinin incelenmesi amaçlandı. Yöntem: Hacettepe Üniversitesi Ergoterapi Bölümü’nde yürütülen randomize kontrollü çalışmaya 6–10 yaş aralığında otizm tanılı 20 çocuk katıldı (müdahale=11, kontrol=9). Müdahale grubuna 6 hafta boyunca duyu bütünleme tedavi programına ek olarak doğaçlama müzik terapisi uygulanırken, kontrol grubuna yalnızca duyu bütünleme tedavi programı uygulandı. Veriler Dunn Duyu Profili ve Adaptif Davranış Skalası ile toplandı ve nonparametrik testlerle analiz edildi. Bulgular: Müdahale grubunda kontrol grubuna kıyasla Dunn Duyu Profilinde oral duyusal işlem (p=0.036), duygusal sosyal cevaplar (p=0.046) ve zayıf kayıt (p=0.016); Adaptif Davranış Skalasında ise bağımsız fonksiyon (p=0.009), fiziksel gelişim (p=0.026), kendi kendini yürütme (p=0.041) ve uyum (p=0.012) alt parametrelerinde anlamlı gelişmeler bulundu. Kontrol grubunda anlamlı değişim saptanmadı. Sonuçlar ve Öneriler: Bulgular, müzik terapisinin otizm spektrum bozukluğu olan çocuklarda duyusal işlemleme, adaptif davranış ve sosyal etkileşim alanlarında olumlu etkiler sağlayabileceğine dair ön kanıtlar sunmaktadır. Özellikle bağımsızlık, duygusal-sosyal yanıtlar ve uyum gibi günlük yaşama doğrudan yansıyan becerilerde kaydedilen gelişmeler, müzik terapisinin duyu bütünleme temelli müdahalelere entegre edilmesinin klinik açıdan faydalı olabileceğini göstermektedir. Daha geniş örneklemlerle, farklı yaş gruplarını kapsayan ve uzun dönemli takip içeren çalışmalar yapılması; ayrıca müzik terapisinin okul ve ev ortamındaki uygulanabilirliğinin araştırılması önerilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Otizm spektrum bozukluğu
• müzik terapisi
• duyusal işlemleme
• adaptif davranış
• sosyal etkileşim

Etik Beyan

Çalışmaya ait etik izin Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Araştırma Etik Kurulu’ndan, 4144426 sayılı karar ile alınmıştır.

Teşekkür

Yazarlar araştırmaya katılan tüm çocuklara ve ailelerine teşekkürlerini sunmaktadır.

The Effects of Music Therapy on Sensory Processing, Adaptive Behavior, and Social Interaction in Children with Autism

Öz

Aim: Children with autism frequently experience sensory processing difficulties, limitations in adaptive behavior, and challenges in social interaction. This study aimed to investigate the effects of music therapy on sensory processing, adaptive behavior, and social interaction in children with autism spectrum disorder. Method: This randomized controlled trial was conducted at the Department of Occupational Therapy, Hacettepe University, with 20 children aged 6–10 years diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (intervention=11, control=9). The intervention group received improvisational music therapy in addition to a sixweek sensory integration therapy program, while the control group received only the sensory integration program. Data were collected using the Dunn Sensory Profile and the Adaptive Behavior Scale and analyzed with nonparametric tests. Results: Compared to the control group, the intervention group demonstrated significant improvements in the Dunn Sensory Profile subscales of oral sensory processing (p=0.036), emotional-social responses (p=0.046), and low registration (p=0.016), as well as in the Adaptive Behavior Scale subscales of independent functioning (p=0.009), physical development (p=0.026), self-direction (p=0.041), and conformity (p=0.012). No significant changes were found in the control group. Conclusions and Suggestions: The findings provide preliminary evidence that music therapy may positively influence sensory processing, adaptive behavior, and social interaction in children with autism spectrum disorder. Improvements in independence, emotional-social responses, and conformity highlight the potential clinical benefits of integrating music therapy into sensory integration-based interventions. Future studies should be conducted with larger samples, different age groups, and long-term follow-up, and should also examine the applicability of music therapy in school and home settings.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Autism spectrum disorder
• music therapy
• sensory processing
• adaptive behavior
• social interaction

Kaynakça

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