Çörek Otu (Nigella Sativa L.) Tohumunun Kimyasal Bileşimi ve insan Sağlığındaki Yeri

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1, 25 - 29, 17.04.2018

Canan Asal Ulus , Pınar Kaya Sökülmez Bahtınur Taşçı

Öz

Çörek otu (Nigella Sativa L.), çok eski çağlardan beri birçok hastalığın tedavisinde kullanılan Ranunculaceae familyasının türü olup; küçük çalı ve düğün çiçeğigiller ailesine ait çiçekli bir bitkidir. Güney Asya'da Kalonji, Arapça’da Habbat-uL-Sauda, İngilizce siyah kimyon, Almanca Scharzkummel, Latince Nigella Sativa L., ülkemizde çörek otu, kara çörek otu ve siyah kimyon olarak adlandırılmaktadır .

Çörek otu besin maddelerinden zengin, çok killi ve çok kumlu olmayan sıcak toprakları sevmektedir. Çiçekleri ağırlıklı olarak beyaz, sarı, pembe, açık mavi veya lavanta rengindedir. Meyveleri geniş ve şişmiş kapsül içinde, aromalı ve acı tadı olan siyah tohumlar içermektedir. Tohumları çay, kahve veya ekmeklere eklendiği gibi konserve üretiminde ayrıca öğütülmüş şekli bal ile karıştırılarak veya salatalara, yoğurda eklenerek; ayrıca doğal bir ilaç olarak kullanıldığı gibi baharat, çeşni ve aromatik amaçlı olarak da kullanıma sahiptir. Bu derlemenin amacı, çörek otu hakkında yayınlanmış bilimsel raporlar hakkında kapsamlı bir inceleme sağlamaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Anahtar kelimeler:çörek otu; sağlık; beslenme; antioksidan.

Kaynakça

• Kaynaklar
• Abidi A, Robbe A, Kourda N, Ben Khamsa S, Legrand A. Nigella sativa, a traditional Tunisian herbal medicine, attenuates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in a rat model. Biomed Pharmacother. 2017 ;90:626-637.
• Al-Jassir MS. Chemical composition and microflora of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) seeds growing in Saudi Arabia. Food Chem. 1992; 45: 239– 42.
• Al-Naqeep G, Al-Zubairi AS, Ismail M, Amom ZH,Esa NM. Antiatherogenic potential of Nigella sativa seeds and oil in diet-induced hypercholesterolemia in rabbits. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med .2011; Article ID 213628:1-8.
• Al Yahya M. Phytochemical studies of the plants used in traditional medicine of Saudi Arabia [J]. Fitoterapia. 1986; 57: 179-182.
• Asgary S, Ghannadi A, Dashti G, Helalat A, Sahebkar A, Najafi S. Nigella sativa L. improves lipid profile and prevents atherosclerosis: Evidence from an experimental study on hypercholesterolemic rabbits. J Functional Foods .2013; 5: 228-234.
• Ayhan B. Nigella sativa L. Bitkisi Üzerine Fitoterapötik Çalışmalar. Gazi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Farmakognozi Anabilim Dalı Fitoterapi Programı, Ankara, 2012.
• Bakal SN, Bereswill S, Heimesaat MM.Finding Novel Antibiotic Substances from Medicinal Plants - Antimicrobial Properties of Nigella Sativa Directed against Multidrug-resistant Bacteria. Eur J Microbiol Immunol (Bp). 2017; 7(1):92-98.
• Bakathir HA, Abbas NA. Detection of the antibacterial effect of Nigella sativa ground seedswith water [J]. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med. 2011;8(2): 159-164.
• Burtis M, Bucar F. Antioxidant activity of Nigella sativa essential oil. Phytotherapy Research. 2000; 14:323 – 328.
• Cheikh-Rouhou S, Besbes S, Hentati B, Blecker C,Deroanne C, Attia H. Nigella sativa L. Chemical composition and physicochemical characteristics of lipid fraction. Food Chemistry. 2007; 101: 673 –681.
• Correa AD, Jokl L, Carlsson R. Amino acid composition of some Amaranthus sp. grain proteins and of its fractions. Arch Latinoam Nutr .1986; 36: 466– 76
• El-Far AH, Korshom MA, Mandour AA, El-Bessoumy AA, El-Sayed YS. Hepatoprotective efficacy of Nigella sativa seeds dietary supplementation against lead acetate-induced oxidative damage in rabbit - Purification and characterization of glutathione peroxidase.Biomed Pharmacother. 2017 ;89:711-718.
• Fararh K. M., Y. Atoji, Y. Shimizu, T. Takewaki. Isulinotropic properties of Nigella sativa oil in Streptozotocin plus Nicotinamide diabetic hamster. Research in Veterinary Science. 2002 ;73: 279–282.
• Gharby S, Harhar H, Guillaume D, et al. Chemical investigation of Nigella sativa L. seed oil produced in Morocco [J]. J Saudi Soc Agric Sci. 2015; 14(2): 172-177.
• Güllü Bacak Elif, Avcı Gülcan Timokinon: Nigella Sativanın biyoaktif komponenti. Kocatepe Vet J. 2013; 6(1): 51-61.
• Haq A, Abdullatif M, Lobo PI, Khabar KSA, Sheth KV, Al-Sedairy ST, et al. Nigella sativa effect on human lymphocytes and polymorphonuclear leukocyte phagocytic activity. Lmmunopharmacol. 1995; (30): 147-55.Hashem-Dabaghian F1, Agah S2, Taghavi-Shirazi M3, Ghobadi A3. Combination of Nigella sativa and Honey in Eradication of Gastric Helicobacter pylori Infection. Iran Red Crescent Med J. 2016;18(11):e23771.
• İlhan A, Gurel A, Armutcu F, Kamilsi S, Iraz M. Antiepileptogenic and Antioxidant Effects of Nigella sativa oil againts pentylenetetrazol-induced kindling in mice. Neuropharmacology.2005; 49 : 456-464.
• Jamal A, Hamza A, Omar E, Adnan A, Osman MT. Nigella sativa Oil Has Significant Repairing Ability of Damaged Pancreatic Tissue Occurs in Induced Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. Global J Pharmacol. 2013; 7:14-19.
• Kamil ZH. Spectacular black seeds (Nigella sativa): Medical importance review . Med J Babylon.2013;10(4): 1-9.
• Kaskoos R. Fatty acid composition of black cumin oil from Iraq [J]. Res J Med Plant, 2011; 5(1): 85-89.
• Kooshki A, Forouzan R, Rakhshani MH, Mohammadi M. Effect of Topical Application of Nigella Sativa Oil and Oral Acetaminophen on Pain in Elderly with Knee Osteoarthritis: A Crossover Clinical Trial. Electron Physician. 2016 ;8(11):3193-3197.
• Malik S, Cun-Heng H, Clardy J. Isolation and structure determination of nigellicine, a novel alkaloid from the seeds of nigellasativa .Tetrahedron Lett.1985; 26(23): 2759-2762.
• Malik S, Zaman K. Nigellimine: a new isoquinoline alkaloid from the seeds of Nigella sativa. J Nat Prod. 1992; 55(5): 676-678.
• Malik S, Hasan SS, Choudhary MI, et al. Nigellidine—A new indazole alkaloid from the seeds of Nigella sativa . Tetrahedron Lett. 1995; 36: 1993-1996.
• Mousa HFM, Abd-El-Fatah NK, Darwish OA, Shehata SF, Fadel SH. Effect of Nigella sativa seed administration on prevention of febrile neutropenia during chemotherapy among children with brain tumors.Childs Nerv Syst. 2017;33(5):793-800.
• Nader MA, El-Agamy DS, Suddek GM. Protective effects of propolis and thymoquinone on development of atherosclerosis in cholesterol-fed rabbits.Arch Pharmacol Res. 2010; 33: 637-643.
• Namjoo A, Sadri SM, Rafieian M, et al. Comparing the effects of Nigella sativa extract and gentamicin in treatment of urinary tract infection caused by Ecoli . J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci. 2013;22: 22-29.
• Omar A. Ghosheh, Abdulghani A. Houdi, Peter A. Crooks, High performance liquid chromatographic analysis of the pharmacologically active quinones and related compounds in the oil of the black seed (Nigella sativa L.). J Pharm Biomed Anal. 1999; 19: 757–762.
• Pang J, Shen N, Yan F, Zhao N, Dou L,2, Wu LC, Seiler CL, Yu L, Yang K, Bachanova V, Weaver E, Tretyakova NY, Liu S. Thymoquinone exerts potent growth-suppressive activity on leukemia through DNA hypermethylation reversal in leukemia cells. Oncotarget. 2017;4: 21. Rahman M1, Yang DK, Kim GB, Lee SJ, Kim SJ. Nigella sativa seed extract attenuates the fatigue induced by exhaustive swimming in rats.Biomed Rep. 2017; 6(4):468-474.
• Randhawa MA, Alghamdi MS. Anticancer activity of Nigella sativa (black seed)—A review. Am J Chin Med. 2011; 39(6): 1075-1091.
• Salem ML, Hossain MS. In vivo acute depletion of CD8 (+) T cells before murine cytomegalovirus infection upregulated innate antiviral activity of natural killer cells. Int J Immunopharmacol 2000; 22: 707 – 718.
• Salem AM, Bamosa AO1, Qutub HO, Gupta RK, Badar A, Elnour A, Afzal MN. Effect of Nigella sativa supplementation on lung function and inflammatory mediatorsin partly controlled asthma: a randomized controlled trial. Ann Saudi Med. 2017; 37(1):64-71.
• Shao YY, Li B, Huang YM, Luo Q, Xie YM, Chen YH.Thymoquinone Attenuates Brain Injury via an Anti-oxidative Pathway in a Status Epilepticus Rat Model. Transl Neurosci. 2017; 8:9-14.
• Shahroudi MJ, Mehri S, Hosseinzadeh H.Anti-Aging Effect of Nigella Sativa Fixed Oil on D-Galactose-Induced Aging in Mice. J Pharmacopuncture. 2017;20(1):29-35.
• Sobhi W, Khettal B, Belmouhoub M, Atmani D, Duez P, Benboubetra M. Hepatotoxicity and Langerhans islets regenerative effects of polar and neutral lipids of Nigella sativa L. in nicotinamide/streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Pteridines .2013; 22: 97-104.
• Toama MA, El-Alfy TS, El-Fatatry HM. Antimicrobial activity of the volatile oil of Nigella sativa Linneaus seeds . Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1974;6(2): 225-226.
• Toma C-C, Simu GM, Hanganu D, et al. Chemical composition of the Tunisian Nigella sativa. Note I. Profile on essential oil [J]. Farmacia. 2010; 58: 458-464.
• Yoruk O, Tatar A, Keles ON, Cakir A.The value of Nigella sativa in the treatment of experimentally induced rhinosinusitis. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital. 2017;37(1):32-37.
• Yuan T, Nahar P, Sharma M, et al. Indazole-type alkaloids from Nigella sativa seeds exhibit antihyperglycemic effects via AMPK activation in vitro.J Nat Prod. 2014; 77(10): 2316-2320.