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TR
The Animation Structure of Atari Games According to Animation's Twelve Principles
Öz
The use of the traditional Twelve Principles of Animation in Atari-era video games and their transformation under the influence of interactive digital environments have been thoroughly examined in this article. Using in-depth analyses of classic games like Pac-Man, Space Invaders, Asteroids, and Donkey Kong, the research finds that certain concepts, like Appeal and Staging, remained in altered versions, while others, like Anticipation, Follow-Through, and Squash and Stretch, were mostly dropped. The research examines the creation of new animation principles particularly designed for early video games, going beyond just evaluating the survival or loss of old concepts. As creative responses to extreme technological limitations, especially low resolution and low frame rates, concepts like Frame Economy and Looping, Immediate Action, Visual Flashing Feedback, Silhouette Clarity, Iconic Abstraction, and Algorithmic Movement are put forth. These guidelines demonstrate how early developers overcame technology constraints to produce engaging interactive experiences. The study concludes that rather than being permanent universals, animation principles should be viewed as dynamic frameworks that adjust to the structural and experiential circumstances of their mediums. Thus, video games from the Atari period are positioned as creative starting points for the creation of interactive visual narrative aesthetics rather than only as transitory technology artefacts. Consequently, this study contributes to the fields of game studies and animation history by establishing a specific theoretical framework to analyze how interactive constraints reshape visual aesthetics, bridging the gap between classical animation theory and digital game design.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Arnheim, R. (1954). Art and visual perception. University of California Press.
- Bishko, L. (2014). Animation principles and Laban movement analysis: Movement frameworks for creating empathic character performances.
- Bogost, I. (2007). Persuasive games: The expressive power of videogames. MIT Press.
- Bordwell, D. (1985). Narration in the fiction film. University of Wisconsin Press.
- Dervişoğlu, B. (2025). Dijital oyun geliştirilmesinde karakter tasarım sürecinde yapay zekâ kullanımına ilişkin bir öneri. ARTS, 15, 215-237. https://doi.org/10.46372/arts.1715063
- Galloway, A. R. (2006). Gaming: Essays on algorithmic culture. University of Minnesota Press.
- Ghani, D. B., Ishak, S. B. (2012). Relationship between the art of Wayang Kulit and Disney’s twelve principles of animation (English version). Revista de Cercetare si Interventie Sociala, 37, 162–179.
- Işık, S. (2025). Sanat, Gelenek ve Geleneksel Sanat(lar)ın Metafiziği. Gaziantep University Journal of Social Sciences, 24(2), 493–507. doi:10.21547/jss.1626222
Ayrıntılar
Birincil Dil
İngilizce
Konular
Bilgisayar Oyunları ve Animasyon, Ekran ve Dijital Medya (Diğer)
Bölüm
Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar
Yayımlanma Tarihi
29 Ocak 2026
Gönderilme Tarihi
28 Nisan 2025
Kabul Tarihi
11 Ocak 2026
Yayımlandığı Sayı
Yıl 2026 Cilt: 25 Sayı: 1
APA
Mengi, V. D. (2026). The Animation Structure of Atari Games According to Animation’s Twelve Principles. Gaziantep Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 25(1), 156-170. https://doi.org/10.21547/jss.1686129
AMA
1.Mengi VD. The Animation Structure of Atari Games According to Animation’s Twelve Principles. GAUN-JSS. 2026;25(1):156-170. doi:10.21547/jss.1686129
Chicago
Mengi, Volkan Davut. 2026. “The Animation Structure of Atari Games According to Animation’s Twelve Principles”. Gaziantep Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 25 (1): 156-70. https://doi.org/10.21547/jss.1686129.
EndNote
Mengi VD (01 Ocak 2026) The Animation Structure of Atari Games According to Animation’s Twelve Principles. Gaziantep Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 25 1 156–170.
IEEE
[1]V. D. Mengi, “The Animation Structure of Atari Games According to Animation’s Twelve Principles”, GAUN-JSS, c. 25, sy 1, ss. 156–170, Oca. 2026, doi: 10.21547/jss.1686129.
ISNAD
Mengi, Volkan Davut. “The Animation Structure of Atari Games According to Animation’s Twelve Principles”. Gaziantep Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 25/1 (01 Ocak 2026): 156-170. https://doi.org/10.21547/jss.1686129.
JAMA
1.Mengi VD. The Animation Structure of Atari Games According to Animation’s Twelve Principles. GAUN-JSS. 2026;25:156–170.
MLA
Mengi, Volkan Davut. “The Animation Structure of Atari Games According to Animation’s Twelve Principles”. Gaziantep Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, c. 25, sy 1, Ocak 2026, ss. 156-70, doi:10.21547/jss.1686129.
Vancouver
1.Volkan Davut Mengi. The Animation Structure of Atari Games According to Animation’s Twelve Principles. GAUN-JSS. 01 Ocak 2026;25(1):156-70. doi:10.21547/jss.1686129