PERFORMATİF BİR BAKIŞ AÇISINDAN ALMANYA’DAKİ TÜRKÇE KONUŞANLARIN DİL HAKLARINI ARAMA PRATİKLERİ

Öz

Almanya’daki Türkçe konuşan nüfusun dil hakları, onların Türk kültürüyle olan bağları ve Almanya toplumundaki konumları hakkındaki tartışmaların merkezinde yer almaktadır. Akademisyenler, dil haklarını insan hakları ve kültürel haklar bağlamlarında kavramsallaştırarak bu tür tartışmaları anlamamıza katkıda bulunmuşlardır. Bu kavramsallaştırmalar, yasal eşitsizlikleri ortaya çıkarmış ve bunların üstesinden gelmenin yollarını bulmayı amaçlamıştır. Bu makalede, bu yazından yararlanmakla birlikte tartışmanın odak noktasını Türklerin dil haklarından onların hak arama pratiklerine çevirmekteyim. Bunun için de feminist siyaset bilimci Karen Zivi’nin haklar konusundaki performatif (gerçekleştirici) yaklaşımını Almanya’da Türkçe konuşan nüfusun dil hakları konusundaki tartışmaya dahil ediyorum. Bu performatif bakış açısı, çokça kullanılan entegrasyon, ayrımcılık, insan hakları ve kültürel haklar çerçevelerine bir alternatif sunar. Bu yaklaşım, Almanya’daki Türkçe konuşan nüfusun dil haklarını talep etme yoluyla toplumlarındaki yerlerini müzakere ettiklerini ortaya koyar. Aynı zamanda, bu makale, bu tartışmalardaki odak noktasını Almanya Devleti’nden uzaklaştırıp Almanya’daki Türkçe konuşanlara çevirir ve onları eylemliliği olan siyasi aktörler, onların hak iddia etme pratiklerini de Almanya toplumunda anlaşılma biçimlerini yeniden şekillendirme girişimleri olarak kurar.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Almanya'daki Türkçe konuşanlar
• Dil hakları
• Hak arama
• Feminist siyaset kuramı
• Performativite

TURKISH SPEAKERS’ LINGUISTIC RIGHTS CLAIMING PRACTICES IN GERMANY FROM A PERFORMATIVE PERSPECTIVE

Öz

Turkish speakers’ linguistic rights in Germany have been central to the debates about their ties to Turkish culture as well as their place in the German society. Scholars have contributed to our understanding of such debates by conceptualizing linguistic rights as human rights and as cultural rights. These conceptualizations reveal legal inequalities and aim at finding ways to overcome them. In this article, I build on this literature, shifting the focus from Turks’ linguistic rights to their rights claiming practices. For this, I introduce feminist political scientist Karen Zivi’s performative approach to rights into the discussion on Turkish speakers’ linguistic rights in Germany. This performative perspective provides an alternative to the widely used frameworks of integration, discrimination, human rights and cultural rights. This approach demonstrates that Turkish speakers in Germany negotiate their place in their society by claiming their linguistic rights. This article also shifts the focus in these discussions away from the German state and to Turkish speakers themselves and establishes Turkish speakers in Germany as political actors with agency and their rights claiming practices as attempts to reshape the way they are understood in the German society.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Turkish speakers in Germany
• Linguistic rights
• Rights claiming
• Feminist political theory
• Performativity

Kaynakça

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