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Intercultural Competence and Intercultural Sensitivity Levels of EFL Preparatory Students: Insights from a Turkish Context

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 22 Sayı: 4, 1519 - 1537, 20.10.2023
https://doi.org/10.21547/jss.1310183

Öz

Effective communication between people with different emotional, cognitive, and behavioral perspectives requires skill in handling communication. Learning intercultural communication skills (IC), which are more important than language proficiency and communicative competence, is necessary for teaching foreign languages as English becomes a global language. Effective communication in English language classes, thus, requires multicultural sensitivity and competency. Intercultural competence (IC) is crucial in a globalized society where people must behave ethically and competently in cross-cultural relationships. As societies strive toward collective goals and establish lasting social, cultural, and economic connections with diverse cultural groups, intercultural sensitivity is gaining importance at all educational levels, particularly for foreign language learners. Many students lack intercultural knowledge, abilities, and mindsets. This study examines how EFL preparatory students perceive their intercultural sensitivity and competencies, whether there exists a statistically significant relationship between these two variables, and whether these variables show a difference regarding the participants’ demographics. The study adopted a descriptive methodology by using a correlational survey method. Data were collected from EFL preparatory students at a state university in western Türkiye by using the Intercultural Sensitivity Scale and the Intercultural Competence Scale (ICS). Convenience sampling technique was used to collect data. T-test, Pearson correlation, and Spearman's Rho tests were used to calculate frequency and percentages with SPSS program, version 22. The results showed that EFL preparatory students demonstrated a high level of IS and IC levels; however, the participants’ IS and IC levels did not significantly differ by their demographics. Educational implications were suggested in the light of the literature.

Destekleyen Kurum

None

Proje Numarası

-

Kaynakça

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  • Akın, E. (2016). Türkçe öğretmen adaylarının kültürlerarası duyarlılıklarının çeşitli değişkenler açısından incelenmesi (Siirt Üniversitesi örneği). Turkish Studies, 11(3), 29-42. http://dx.doi.org/10.7827/TurkishStudies.
  • Aksoy, N. & Akkoç, M.G. (2019). Intercultural sensitivity levels and cultural difference perceptions of physicians and nurses. Florence Nightingale J. Nursing, 28, 23-32.
  • Alptekin, C. (2002). Towards intercultural communicative competence in ELT. ELT Journal, 56(1), 57-64. https://doi.org/10.1093/elt/56.1.57
  • Ameli, S. R., & Molaei, H. (2012). Religious affiliation and intercultural sensitivity: Interculturality between Shia & Sunni Muslims in Iran. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 36, 31–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2010.11.007
  • Avcılar, A., & Gök, E. (2022). Intercultural effectiveness of international and domestic university students: A case of Turkey. Journal of International Students, 12(2), 531-549. https://doi.org/10.32674/jis.v12i1.2972
  • Babbie, E. (1990). Survey Research Methods. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
  • Banos, R. V. (2006). Intercultural sensitivity of teenagers: A study of educational necessities in Catalonia. Intercultural Communication Studies, 15(2), 16-22.
  • Barnlund, D. C. (1988). Communication in a global village. In L. A. Samovar, & R. E. Porter (Eds.). Intercultural communication: A reader. CA: Wadsworth.
  • Beek, A. (2023). Preservice preparation for middle level international schoolteachers. In Middle Level Teacher Preparation across International Contexts (pp. 172-190). Routledge.
  • Bekiroğlu, O., & Balci, Ş. (2014). Kültürlerarası iletişim duyarlılığının izlerini aramak: İletişim fakültesi öğrencileri örneğinde bir araştırma. Selçuk Üniversitesi Türkiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1(35), 429-459.
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  • Bennett, M. J. (1993). Towards ethnorelativism: A developmental model of intercultural sensitivity. In M. Paige (Ed.). Education for the Intercultural Experience (pp. 21-71).Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press.
  • Bhawuk, D. P., & Brislin, R. (1992). The measurement of intercultural sensitivity using the concepts of individualism and collectivism. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 16(4), 413-436. https://doi.org/10.1016/0147-1767(92)90031-O
  • Byram, M. (1997). ‘Cultural awareness’ as vocabulary learning. Language Learning Journal, 16(1), 51-57. https://doi.org/10.1080/09571739785200291
  • Byram, M. (2012). Language awareness and (critical) cultural awareness–relationships, comparisons, and contrasts. Language Awareness, 21(1-2), 5-13. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658416.2011.639887
  • Byram, M., Gribkova, B., & Starkey, H. (2002). Developing the intercultural dimension in language teaching: A practical introduction for teachers. Language Policy Division, Directorate of School, Out-of-School and Higher Education, Council of Europe.
  • Chen, G. M. (1989). Relationships of the dimensions of intercultural communication competence. Communication Quarterly, 37(2), 118-133. https://doi.org/10.1080/01463378909385533
  • Chen, G. M., & Starosta, W. J. (1998). Foundations of Intercultural Communication. Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
  • Chen, G., & Starosta, W. (2000). The development and validation of the Intercultural Sensitivity Scale. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the National Communication Association (86th), Seattle, WA.
  • Chen, H., & Hu, B. (2023). On the intercultural sensitivity of university students in multicultural regions: A case study in Macao. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, 1-11.
  • Chen, G. M. & Starosta, W. J. (1997). A review of the concept of intercultural sensitivity. Human Communication, 1, 1-16.
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  • Coughlan, M., Cronin, P., & Ryan, F. (2009). Survey research: Process and limitations. International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation, 16(1), 9-15.
  • Creswell, J. W. (2012). Educational Research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research. Pearson Education, Inc.
  • Çakır, İ. (2022). TV serials and movies to boost intercultural communicative competence in Turkish EFL context. International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 32(3), 397-410. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijal.12425
  • Deardorff, D. K. (2006). Identification and assessment of intercultural competence as a student outcome of internationalization. Journal of Studies in International Education, 10(3), 241-266. https://doi.org/10.1177/1028315306287002
  • Demircioğlu, Ş., & Cakir, C. (2015). Intercultural competence of English language teachers in International Baccalaureate World Schools in Turkey and abroad. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, 11(1), 15-32.
  • Durocher Jr, D. O. (2007). Teaching sensitivity to cultural difference in the first‐year foreign language classroom. Foreign Language Annals, 40(1), 143-160. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1944-9720.2007.tb02858.x
  • El Allame, Y. E. K., Khotbi, T., Elghazali, O., & Othmane, Z. (2020). Intercultural competence models: A comparative study. International Journal of All Research Writings, 3(7), 23-31.
  • Engle, L., & Engle, J. (2004). Assessing language acquisition and intercultural sensitivity development in relation to study abroad program design. Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad, 10(1), 219-236. https://doi.org/10.36366/frontiers.v10i1.142
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Intercultural Competence and Intercultural Sensitivity Levels of EFL Preparatory Students: Insights from a Turkish Context

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 22 Sayı: 4, 1519 - 1537, 20.10.2023
https://doi.org/10.21547/jss.1310183

Öz

Farklı duygusal, bilişsel ve davranışsal bakış açılarına sahip insanlar arasında etkili iletişim, güçlü bir iletişim becerisi gerektirir. İngilizce küresel bir dil haline geldikçe yabancı dil yeterliliği ve iletişimsel yetkinlikten daha önemli olan kültürlerarası iletişim becerilerinin öğrenilmesi dil öğretimi için gereklidir. Bu nedenle İngilizce sınıflarında etkili iletişim, çok kültürlü duyarlılık ve yetkinlik gerektirir. Kültürlerarası yetkinlik insanların kültürlerarası ilişkilerde etik ve yetkin bir şekilde davranması gereken küreselleşmiş bir toplumda çok önemlidir. Toplumlar ortak hedefler için çabaladıkça ve farklı kültürel gruplarla kalıcı sosyal, kültürel ve ekonomik bağlantılar kurdukça, kültürlerarası duyarlılığın önemi tüm eğitim seviyelerinde, özellikle de yabancı dil öğrencileri için giderek artmaktadır. Birçok öğrenci kültürlerarası bilgi, beceri ve zihniyetten yoksundur. Bu çalışma, yabancı dille eğitim yapan hazırlık seviyesinde öğrenimlerine devam eden öğrencilerin kendi kültürlerarası duyarlılık ve yetkinliklerini nasıl algıladıklarını, iki değişken arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki olup olmadığını ve bu değişkenlerin demografik özelliklerine göre anlamlı bir farklılık gösterip göstermediğini incelemektedir. Çalışmada betimsel yöntem benimsenmiş ilişkisel tarama metodu kullanılmıştır. Veriler, Chao (2014) tarafından oluşturulan Kültürlerarası Duyarlılık Ölçeği (Chen & Starosta, 2000) ve Kültürlerarası Yetkinlik Ölçeği (ICS) kullanılarak Türkiye'nin batısındaki bir devlet üniversitesindeki Yabancı Dil Olarak İngilizce hazırlık öğrencilerinden toplanmıştır. Veri toplamak için uygun örnekleme teknikleri kullanılmıştır. SPSS programı, sürüm 22 ile frekans ve yüzdeleri hesaplamak için T-testi, Pearson korelasyonu ve Spearman's Rho testleri kullanılmıştır. Sonuçlar, yabancı dil hazırlık öğrencilerinin yüksek düzeyde kültürlerarası duyarlılık ve yetkinlik seviyeleri gösterdiğini; ancak katılımcıların IS ve IC seviyelerinin demografik özelliklerine göre anlamlı bir şekilde değişmediğini göstermiştir. Alan yazın ışığında eğitimsel çıkarımlar önerilmiştir.

Proje Numarası

-

Kaynakça

  • Adler, R. B., & Towne, N. (1993). Looking in/looking out. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston.
  • Akın, E. (2016). Türkçe öğretmen adaylarının kültürlerarası duyarlılıklarının çeşitli değişkenler açısından incelenmesi (Siirt Üniversitesi örneği). Turkish Studies, 11(3), 29-42. http://dx.doi.org/10.7827/TurkishStudies.
  • Aksoy, N. & Akkoç, M.G. (2019). Intercultural sensitivity levels and cultural difference perceptions of physicians and nurses. Florence Nightingale J. Nursing, 28, 23-32.
  • Alptekin, C. (2002). Towards intercultural communicative competence in ELT. ELT Journal, 56(1), 57-64. https://doi.org/10.1093/elt/56.1.57
  • Ameli, S. R., & Molaei, H. (2012). Religious affiliation and intercultural sensitivity: Interculturality between Shia & Sunni Muslims in Iran. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 36, 31–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2010.11.007
  • Avcılar, A., & Gök, E. (2022). Intercultural effectiveness of international and domestic university students: A case of Turkey. Journal of International Students, 12(2), 531-549. https://doi.org/10.32674/jis.v12i1.2972
  • Babbie, E. (1990). Survey Research Methods. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
  • Banos, R. V. (2006). Intercultural sensitivity of teenagers: A study of educational necessities in Catalonia. Intercultural Communication Studies, 15(2), 16-22.
  • Barnlund, D. C. (1988). Communication in a global village. In L. A. Samovar, & R. E. Porter (Eds.). Intercultural communication: A reader. CA: Wadsworth.
  • Beek, A. (2023). Preservice preparation for middle level international schoolteachers. In Middle Level Teacher Preparation across International Contexts (pp. 172-190). Routledge.
  • Bekiroğlu, O., & Balci, Ş. (2014). Kültürlerarası iletişim duyarlılığının izlerini aramak: İletişim fakültesi öğrencileri örneğinde bir araştırma. Selçuk Üniversitesi Türkiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1(35), 429-459.
  • Bennett, M. J. (1986). A developmental approach to training for intercultural sensitivity. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 10(2), 179-196. https://doi.org/10.1016/0147-1767(86)90005-2
  • Bennett, M. J. (1993). Towards ethnorelativism: A developmental model of intercultural sensitivity. In M. Paige (Ed.). Education for the Intercultural Experience (pp. 21-71).Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press.
  • Bhawuk, D. P., & Brislin, R. (1992). The measurement of intercultural sensitivity using the concepts of individualism and collectivism. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 16(4), 413-436. https://doi.org/10.1016/0147-1767(92)90031-O
  • Byram, M. (1997). ‘Cultural awareness’ as vocabulary learning. Language Learning Journal, 16(1), 51-57. https://doi.org/10.1080/09571739785200291
  • Byram, M. (2012). Language awareness and (critical) cultural awareness–relationships, comparisons, and contrasts. Language Awareness, 21(1-2), 5-13. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658416.2011.639887
  • Byram, M., Gribkova, B., & Starkey, H. (2002). Developing the intercultural dimension in language teaching: A practical introduction for teachers. Language Policy Division, Directorate of School, Out-of-School and Higher Education, Council of Europe.
  • Chen, G. M. (1989). Relationships of the dimensions of intercultural communication competence. Communication Quarterly, 37(2), 118-133. https://doi.org/10.1080/01463378909385533
  • Chen, G. M., & Starosta, W. J. (1998). Foundations of Intercultural Communication. Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
  • Chen, G., & Starosta, W. (2000). The development and validation of the Intercultural Sensitivity Scale. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the National Communication Association (86th), Seattle, WA.
  • Chen, H., & Hu, B. (2023). On the intercultural sensitivity of university students in multicultural regions: A case study in Macao. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, 1-11.
  • Chen, G. M. & Starosta, W. J. (1997). A review of the concept of intercultural sensitivity. Human Communication, 1, 1-16.
  • Çiloğlan, F., & Bardakçi, M. (2019). The relationship between intercultural sensitivity and English language achievement. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, 15(3), 1204-1214. https://doi.org/10.17263/jlls.631563
  • Coughlan, M., Cronin, P., & Ryan, F. (2009). Survey research: Process and limitations. International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation, 16(1), 9-15.
  • Creswell, J. W. (2012). Educational Research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research. Pearson Education, Inc.
  • Çakır, İ. (2022). TV serials and movies to boost intercultural communicative competence in Turkish EFL context. International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 32(3), 397-410. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijal.12425
  • Deardorff, D. K. (2006). Identification and assessment of intercultural competence as a student outcome of internationalization. Journal of Studies in International Education, 10(3), 241-266. https://doi.org/10.1177/1028315306287002
  • Demircioğlu, Ş., & Cakir, C. (2015). Intercultural competence of English language teachers in International Baccalaureate World Schools in Turkey and abroad. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, 11(1), 15-32.
  • Durocher Jr, D. O. (2007). Teaching sensitivity to cultural difference in the first‐year foreign language classroom. Foreign Language Annals, 40(1), 143-160. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1944-9720.2007.tb02858.x
  • El Allame, Y. E. K., Khotbi, T., Elghazali, O., & Othmane, Z. (2020). Intercultural competence models: A comparative study. International Journal of All Research Writings, 3(7), 23-31.
  • Engle, L., & Engle, J. (2004). Assessing language acquisition and intercultural sensitivity development in relation to study abroad program design. Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad, 10(1), 219-236. https://doi.org/10.36366/frontiers.v10i1.142
  • Fabregas, J. M. G., Kelsey, K. D., & Robinson, S. J. (2012). Predicting intercultural sensitivity using demographic variables among college of agriculture undergraduate students. US-China Education Review, A8, 710-719.
  • Fantini, A. E. (2000). A central concern: Developing intercultural competence. SIT Occasional Paper Series, 1, 25-42.
  • Fantini, A. (2009). Assessing intercultural competence: Issues and tools. In D. K. Deardorff (Ed.), The SAGE handbook of intercultural competence. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Fowler, F. J. (2002). Survey research methods. (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Gedik Bal, N. (2023). In-service teachers’ intercultural sensitivity. Teaching English as a Second Language Electronic Journal (TESL-EJ), 27(2), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.55593/ej.27106a2
  • Gonzales, H. (2017). The intercultural effectiveness of university students. Psychology, 8, 2017-2030.
  • Greenholtz, J. (2000). Assessing cross-cultural competence in transnational education: The intercultural development inventory. Higher Education in Europe, 25(3), 411-416. https://doi.org/10.1080/713669273
  • Gullahorn, J. T., & Gullahorn, J. E. (1963). An Extension of the U-Curve Hypothesis, Journal of Social Issues, 19(3), 33-47. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.1963.tb00447.x
  • Hammer, M. R., Bennett, M. J., & Wiseman, R. (2003). Measuring intercultural sensitivity: The intercultural development inventory. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 27(4), 421-443. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0147-1767(03)00032-4
  • Huang, Q., Cheung, A. C., & Xuan, Q. (2023). The impact of study abroad on pre-service and in-service teachers’ intercultural competence: A meta-analysis. Teaching and Teacher Education, 127, 104-191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2023.104091
  • Jackson, J. (2011). Host language proficiency, intercultural sensitivity, and study abroad. Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad, 21(1), 167-188. https://doi.org/10.36366/frontiers.v21i1.308
  • Jalali, M. (2021). Developing and assessing intercultural competence through ethnographic interviews in the domestic context of teacher education in Iran. Issues in Language Teaching, 10(2), 119-144.
  • Karim, A. U. (2003). A developmental progression model for intercultural consciousness: A leadership imperative. Journal of Education for Business, 79(1), 34-39. https://doi.org/10.1080/08832320309599085
  • Korhonen, K. (2004). Developing intercultural competence as part of professional qualifications. A training experiment. Journal of Intercultural Communication, 7, 1-8.
  • Kramsch, C. (2013). Culture in foreign language teaching. Iranian Journal of Language Teaching Research, 1(1), 57-78.
  • Lee Olson, C., & Kroeger, K. R. (2001). Global competency and intercultural sensitivity. Journal of Studies in International Education, 5(2), 116-137. https://doi.org/10.1177/102831530152003
  • Mai Hoa, N. T. (2007). Developing EFL learners’ intercultural communicative competence: A gap to be filled? Asian EFL Journal, 21.
  • Margarethe, U., Hannes, H., & Wiesinger, S. (2012). An analysis of the differences in business students' intercultural sensitivity in two-degree programmes. Literacy Information and Computer Education Journal, 3(3), 667-74.
  • McMurray, A. A. (2007). Measuring intercultural sensitivity of international and domestic college students: The impact of international travel (Doctoral dissertation, University of Florida).
  • Mercan, N. (2016). Cultural sensitivity and communication skills on the relationship between an investigation. Press Academia Procedia, 2(1), 449-454. https://doi.org/10.17261/Pressacademia.2016118665
  • Mostafaei Alaei, M., & Nosrati, F. (2018). Research into EFL teachers’ intercultural communicative competence and intercultural sensitivity. Journal of Intercultural Communication Research, 47(2), 73-86. https://doi.org/10.1080/17475759.2018.1424020
  • Mozaffarzadeh, S., & Ajideh, P. (2019). Intercultural competence: A neglected essential in the Iranian ELT textbooks. Journal of Applied Linguistics and Applied Literature: Dynamics and Advances, 7(2), 167-183. https://doi.org/10.22049/jalda.2019.26674.1149
  • Pedersen, P. J. (2010). Assessing intercultural effectiveness outcomes in a year-long study abroad program. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 34(1), 70-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2009.09.003
  • Penbek, Ş., Yurdakul Şahin, D., & Cerit, A. G. (2012). Intercultural communication competence: A study about the intercultural sensitivity of university students based on their education and international experiences. International Journal of Logistics Systems and Management, 11(2), 232-252. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJLSM.2012.045425
  • Pham, V. T. T., & Pham, A. T. (2022). An assessment of students' intercultural competence in public and private universities in Vietnam. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, 18(S1), 34-44.
  • Reid, E. (2010). Culture–an inevitable part of a foreign language teaching. In S. Pokrivcakova (Ed.). Modernization of Teaching Foreign Languages: CLIL, Inclusive and Intercultural Education, (pp.199-219). Brno: Masarykova Univerzita.
  • Reid, E. (2013). Models of intercultural competences in practice. International Journal of Language and Linguistics, 1(2), 44-53. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijll.20130102.12
  • Sapkota, B. K., Zhou, L., Mbewe, R., Newton, J., & Phillion, J. (2023). Fostering preservice teachers’ social justice awareness and intercultural competence through a virtual global community of practice. In C. E. Ullom, N. Guler (Eds.). At school in the world: developing globally engaged teachers, (pp. 212-237). Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield.
  • Saricoban, A., & Oz, H. (2014). Research into pre-service English teachers’ intercultural communicative competence (ICC) in Turkish context. The Anthropologist, 18(2), 523-531. https://doi.org/10.1080/09720073.2014.11891570
  • Sarwari, A. Q., & Abdul Wahab, M. N. (2017). Study of the relationship between intercultural sensitivity and intercultural communication competence among international postgraduate students: A case study at University Malaysia Pahang. Cogent Social Sciences, 3(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2017.1310479
  • Sellami, A. L. (2000). Teaching towards cultural awareness and intercultural competence: From what through how culture is? Annual meeting of teachers of English to speakers of other languages, (pp. 1-13). Vancouver, Canada.
  • Sercu, L. (2023). Internationalization at home as a factor affecting intercultural competence. A study among Belgian university students. European Journal of Higher Education, 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1080/21568235.2022.2094815
  • Sercu, L. et al. (2005). Language teachers and intercultural competence. An international investigation. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
  • Shemshadsara, Z. G. (2012). Developing cultural awareness in foreign language teaching. English Language Teaching, 5(3), 95-99. https://doi:10.5539/elt.v5n3p95
  • Simkhovych, D. (2009). The relationship between intercultural effectiveness and perceived project team performance in the context of international development. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 33(5), 383-390. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2009.06.005
  • Spitzberg, B.H. & Changnon, G. (2009). Conceptualizing intercultural competence. In D.K. Deardorff (ed.), Handbook of intercultural competence. (pp. 2– 51). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
  • Straffon, D. A. (2003). Assessing the intercultural sensitivity of high school students attending an international school. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 27(4), 487-501. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0147-1767(03)00035-X
  • Tamam, E., & Krauss, S. E. (2017). Ethnic-related diversity engagement differences in intercultural sensitivity among Malaysian undergraduate students. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, 22(2), 137-150. https://doi.org/10.1080/02673843.2014.881295
  • Temel B. A. (2008). Transcultural nursing education. Journal of Anatolia Nursing and Health Science, 11, 92-101.
  • Tran, T. Q., & Duong, T. M. (2022). EFL graduate students' intercultural language learning and intercultural competence. In Handbook of research on teaching in multicultural and multilingual contexts. (pp. 302-318). IGI Global.
  • Triandis, H. C. (1977). Theoretical framework for evaluation of cross-cultural training effectiveness. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 1, 195-213. https://doi.org/10.1016/0147-1767(77)90030-X_
  • Yılmaz, F. & Göçen, S. (2013). Investigation of the prospective primary teachers' intercultural sensitivity levels in terms of certain variables. Adıyaman University Social Science Journal, 6, 373– 392.
Toplam 73 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Uygulamalı Dilbilim ve Eğitim Dilbilimi , Dilbilim (Diğer)
Bölüm Dilbilim
Yazarlar

Gülşah Tıkız Ertürk 0000-0001-5803-1270

Hakan Demiröz 0000-0003-2413-5383

Murat Ata 0000-0001-8822-5105

Proje Numarası -
Yayımlanma Tarihi 20 Ekim 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 5 Haziran 2023
Kabul Tarihi 6 Ekim 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 22 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Tıkız Ertürk, G., Demiröz, H., & Ata, M. (2023). Intercultural Competence and Intercultural Sensitivity Levels of EFL Preparatory Students: Insights from a Turkish Context. Gaziantep Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 22(4), 1519-1537. https://doi.org/10.21547/jss.1310183