Araştırma Makalesi
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Investigation of the Relationship Between Volunteer Motivation and Leisure Satisfaction in International Sports Organizations

Yıl 2021, , 152 - 172, 30.06.2021
https://doi.org/10.25307/jssr.906958

Öz

The aim of this study is to compare the relationship between motivation factors and leisure time satisfaction levels of volunteers working in international sports organizations and their analysis according to different demographic variables. The sample group of the research was determined by the purposeful sampling who participated in the international sports organizations; It consists of 99 women and 168 men, totally 267 (Average = 24.00 ± 7.299) sports volunteers. Study data was collected via Demographic information form, Volunteer Motivations Scale for International Sports Organizations and Leisure Time Satisfaction Scale. Descriptive statistics, T-Test for Independent Samples, Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA), Pearson Correlation and Multiple Linear Regression analyzes were applied to the data obtained. According to the analysis results, a positive, moderate relationship was found between the general volunteering motivation and leisure time satisfaction levels of individuals participating in volunteering activities in international sports organizations (r=.431, p<.05). Considering motivation and leisure time approaches together with the study results and literature; it can be stated that there is a strong connection between the leisure time satisfaction and motivation factors of volunteers working in international sports organizations, and it is thought that this study will contribute to the literature.

Kaynakça

  • Adams, N., Little, T. D. & Ryan, R. M. (2017). Self-determination theory. In Development of self-determination through the life-course (pp. 47-54). Dordrecht: Springer.
  • Ardahan, F. ve Lapa, T. Y. (2010). Üniversite öğrencilerinin serbest zaman tatmin düzeylerinin cinsiyete ve gelire göre incelenmesi. Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 21(4), 129-136.
  • Bang, H. & Chelladurai, P. (2009). Development and validation of the volunteer motivations scale for international sporting events (VMS-ISE). International Journal of Sport Management and Marketing, 6(4), 332-350. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJSMM.2009.030064
  • Bang, H. & Ross, S. D. (2009). Volunteer motivation and satisfaction. Journal of Venue and Event Management, 1(1), 61-77.
  • Bang, H., Alexandris, K. & Ross, S. D. (2009). Validation of the revised volunteer motivations scale for international sporting events (VMS-ISE) at the Athens 2004 Olympic Games. Event Management, 12(3-4), 119-131.
  • Beard, J. G. & Ragheb, M. G. (1980). Measuring leisure satisfaction. Journal of Leisure Research, 12(1), 20-33. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.1980.11969416
  • Berber, S. ve Terekli, M. S. (2019). Spor etkinliklerinde gönüllü yönetimi ve motivasyonu. GSI Journals Serie A: Advancements in Tourism Recreation and Sports Sciences, 2(1), 95-121. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3360339.
  • Broughton, K. & Beggs, B. A. (2007). Leisure satisfaction of older adults. Activities, Adaptation & Aging, 31(1), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1300/J016v31n01_01.
  • Brown, B. A. & Frankel, B. G. (1993). Activity through the years: Leisure, leisure satisfaction, and life satisfaction. Sociology of Sport Journal, 10(1), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1123/ssj.10.1.1
  • Cengiz, R. ve Yaşartürk, F. (2020). Fitness katılımcılarının spor salonlarındaki hizmet kalitesi ve serbest zaman doyum düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Uluslararası Güncel Eğitim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 6(1), 48-62.
  • Chapman, J. G. & Morley, R. (1999). Collegiate service-learning: Motives underlying volunteerism and satisfaction with volunteer service. Journal of Prevention & Intervention in the Community, 18(1-2), 19-33. https://doi.org/10.1300/J005v18n01_03.
  • Cheng, H.P. (2010). Serious leisure, leisure satisfaction and gardening by older adults. Doctoral dissertation, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
  • Clary, E. G., Snyder, M., Ridge, R. D., Copeland, J., Stukas, A. A., Haugen, J. & Miene, P. (1998). Understanding and assessing the motivations of volunteers: a functional approach. Journal of personality and social psychology, 74(6), 1516-1530. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.74.6.1516
  • Cnaan, R. A. & Goldberg-Glen, R. S. (1991). Measuring motivation to volunteer in human services. The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 27(3), 269-284. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021886391273003.
  • Cuskelly, G., Harrington, M. & Stebbins, R. A. (2002). Changing levels of organizational commitment amongst sport volunteers: A serious leisure approach. Leisure/Loisir, 27(3-4), 191-212. https://doi.org/10.1080/14927713.2002.9651303.
  • Cuskelly, G., Hoye, R. & Auld, C. (2006). Working with volunteers in sport: Theory and practice. London: Routledge.
  • Çankaya, Z. C. (2016). Özerklik desteği, temel psikolojik ihtiyaçların doyumu ve öznel iyi olma: Öz-belirleme kuramı. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 4(31), 23-31.
  • Çelik, G. (2011). Kamu kuruluşlarında çalışan engelli bireylerin serbest zaman engellerinin ve tatmin düzeylerinin incelenmesi (Antalya merkez örneği). Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Akdeniz Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Spor Yöneticiliği Anabilim Dalı, Antalya.
  • Dawson, P. & Downward, P. (2013). The relationship between participation in sport and sport volunteering: An economic analysis. International Journal of Sports Finance, 8(1), 75-92.
  • Deci, E. L. & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The" what" and" why" of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227-268. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327965PLI1104_01.
  • Downward, P. M. & Ralston, R. (2006). The sports development potential of sports event volunteering: Insights from the XVII Manchester Commonwealth Games. European Sport Management Quarterly, 6(4), 333-351. https://doi.org/10.1080/16184740601154474.
  • Downward, P., Hallmann, K. & Rasciute, S. (2020). Volunteering and leisure activity in the United Kingdom: A longitudinal analysis of males and females. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 49(4), 757-775. https://doi.org/10.1177/0899764020901815
  • Doğan, M., Elçi, G. ve Gürbüz, B. (2019). Serbest zaman doyumu, serbest zamanda sıkılma algısı ve iş tatmini ilişkisi: Akademisyenler üzerine bir araştırma. Spormetre Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 17(1), 154-164. https://doi.org/10.33689/spormetre.521555
  • Farrell, J. M., Johnston, M. E. & Twynam, G. D. (1998). Volunteer motivation, satisfaction, and management at an elite sporting competition. Journal of Sport Management, 12(4), 288-300. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsm.12.4.288
  • Fişne, M. ve Karagöz, Y. (2016). Uluslararası spor organizasyonları için gönüllü motivasyonları ölçeği’nin türkçe’ye uyarlanması. Spor Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.25307/jssr.271322
  • Fletcher, T. D. & Major, D. A. (2004). Medical students motivations to volunteer: An examination of the nature of gender differences. Sex Roles, 51(1-2), 109-114. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:SERS.0000032319.78926.54.
  • Gallant, K., Arai, S. & Smale, B. (2013). Serious leisure as an avenue for nurturing community. Leisure Scien-ces, 35(4), 320-336. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490400.2013.797324.
  • Getz, D. (2008). Event tourism: Definition, evolution, and research. Tourism Management, 29(3), 403-428. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2007.07.017.
  • Giannoulakis, C., Wang, C.-H. & Gray, D. (2008). Measuring volunteer motivation in mega sporting events. Event Management, 11(4), 191-200. https://doi.org/10.3727/152599508785899884
  • Gökçe, H. ve Orhan, K. (2011). Serbest zaman doyum ölçeği’nin Türkçe geçerlilik güvenirlik çalışması. Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 22(4), 139-145.
  • Güntert, S. T., Strubel, I. T., Kals, E. & Wehner, T. (2016). The quality of volunteers motives: Integrating the functional approach and self-determination theory. The Journal of Social Psychology, 156(3), 310-327. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224545.2015.1135864.
  • Karlı, Ü., Polat, E., Yılmaz, B. & Koçak, S. (2008). Serbest zaman tatmin ölçeği'nin (SZTÖ-Uzun Versiyon) geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik çalışması. Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 19(2), 80-91.
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Uluslararası Spor Organizasyonlarında Gönüllü Motivasyonu ile Serbest Zaman Doyum Düzeyi Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi

Yıl 2021, , 152 - 172, 30.06.2021
https://doi.org/10.25307/jssr.906958

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı; uluslararası spor organizasyonlarında görev alan gönüllülerin motivasyon faktörleri ile serbest zaman doyum düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkinin karşılaştırılması ve farklı demografik değişkenlere göre incelenmesidir. Araştırmanın örneklem grubunu ise, uluslararası spor organizasyonlarına katılan ve amaçlı örneklem yoluyla belirlenen; 99 kadın 168 erkek olmak üzere, toplam 267 (Ortyaş=24.00 ±7.299) spor gönüllüsü bireyden oluşmaktadır. Araştırmada veri toplama amacıyla demografik bilgi formu, Uluslararası Spor Organizasyonları İçin Gönüllü Motivasyonları Ölçeği ve Serbest Zaman Doyum Ölçeği kısa formu kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen verilere tanımlayıcı istatistik, Bağımsız Örneklemler İçin T-Testi, Çok Değişkenli Varyans Analizi (MANOVA), Pearson Korelasyon ve Çoklu Doğrusal Regresyon analizleri uygulanmıştır. Analiz sonuçlarına göre uluslararası spor organizasyonlarında gönüllülük faaliyetlerine katılım gösteren bireylerin genel gönüllülük motivasyonu ile serbest zaman doyum düzeyleri arasında pozitif yönde, orta düzeyde ilişki tespit edilmiştir (r=.431, p<.05). Çalışma sonuçları ve literatür ile birlikte, motivasyon ve serbest zaman yaklaşımları da göz önüne alındığında; uluslararası spor organizasyonlarında görev alan gönüllülerin serbest zaman doyumu ve motivasyon faktörleri arasında güçlü bir bağ olduğu ifade edilebileceği gibi yapılan bu çalışmanın literatüre önemli katkıları olacağı düşünülmektedir. 

Kaynakça

  • Adams, N., Little, T. D. & Ryan, R. M. (2017). Self-determination theory. In Development of self-determination through the life-course (pp. 47-54). Dordrecht: Springer.
  • Ardahan, F. ve Lapa, T. Y. (2010). Üniversite öğrencilerinin serbest zaman tatmin düzeylerinin cinsiyete ve gelire göre incelenmesi. Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 21(4), 129-136.
  • Bang, H. & Chelladurai, P. (2009). Development and validation of the volunteer motivations scale for international sporting events (VMS-ISE). International Journal of Sport Management and Marketing, 6(4), 332-350. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJSMM.2009.030064
  • Bang, H. & Ross, S. D. (2009). Volunteer motivation and satisfaction. Journal of Venue and Event Management, 1(1), 61-77.
  • Bang, H., Alexandris, K. & Ross, S. D. (2009). Validation of the revised volunteer motivations scale for international sporting events (VMS-ISE) at the Athens 2004 Olympic Games. Event Management, 12(3-4), 119-131.
  • Beard, J. G. & Ragheb, M. G. (1980). Measuring leisure satisfaction. Journal of Leisure Research, 12(1), 20-33. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.1980.11969416
  • Berber, S. ve Terekli, M. S. (2019). Spor etkinliklerinde gönüllü yönetimi ve motivasyonu. GSI Journals Serie A: Advancements in Tourism Recreation and Sports Sciences, 2(1), 95-121. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3360339.
  • Broughton, K. & Beggs, B. A. (2007). Leisure satisfaction of older adults. Activities, Adaptation & Aging, 31(1), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1300/J016v31n01_01.
  • Brown, B. A. & Frankel, B. G. (1993). Activity through the years: Leisure, leisure satisfaction, and life satisfaction. Sociology of Sport Journal, 10(1), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1123/ssj.10.1.1
  • Cengiz, R. ve Yaşartürk, F. (2020). Fitness katılımcılarının spor salonlarındaki hizmet kalitesi ve serbest zaman doyum düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Uluslararası Güncel Eğitim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 6(1), 48-62.
  • Chapman, J. G. & Morley, R. (1999). Collegiate service-learning: Motives underlying volunteerism and satisfaction with volunteer service. Journal of Prevention & Intervention in the Community, 18(1-2), 19-33. https://doi.org/10.1300/J005v18n01_03.
  • Cheng, H.P. (2010). Serious leisure, leisure satisfaction and gardening by older adults. Doctoral dissertation, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
  • Clary, E. G., Snyder, M., Ridge, R. D., Copeland, J., Stukas, A. A., Haugen, J. & Miene, P. (1998). Understanding and assessing the motivations of volunteers: a functional approach. Journal of personality and social psychology, 74(6), 1516-1530. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.74.6.1516
  • Cnaan, R. A. & Goldberg-Glen, R. S. (1991). Measuring motivation to volunteer in human services. The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 27(3), 269-284. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021886391273003.
  • Cuskelly, G., Harrington, M. & Stebbins, R. A. (2002). Changing levels of organizational commitment amongst sport volunteers: A serious leisure approach. Leisure/Loisir, 27(3-4), 191-212. https://doi.org/10.1080/14927713.2002.9651303.
  • Cuskelly, G., Hoye, R. & Auld, C. (2006). Working with volunteers in sport: Theory and practice. London: Routledge.
  • Çankaya, Z. C. (2016). Özerklik desteği, temel psikolojik ihtiyaçların doyumu ve öznel iyi olma: Öz-belirleme kuramı. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 4(31), 23-31.
  • Çelik, G. (2011). Kamu kuruluşlarında çalışan engelli bireylerin serbest zaman engellerinin ve tatmin düzeylerinin incelenmesi (Antalya merkez örneği). Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Akdeniz Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Spor Yöneticiliği Anabilim Dalı, Antalya.
  • Dawson, P. & Downward, P. (2013). The relationship between participation in sport and sport volunteering: An economic analysis. International Journal of Sports Finance, 8(1), 75-92.
  • Deci, E. L. & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The" what" and" why" of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227-268. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327965PLI1104_01.
  • Downward, P. M. & Ralston, R. (2006). The sports development potential of sports event volunteering: Insights from the XVII Manchester Commonwealth Games. European Sport Management Quarterly, 6(4), 333-351. https://doi.org/10.1080/16184740601154474.
  • Downward, P., Hallmann, K. & Rasciute, S. (2020). Volunteering and leisure activity in the United Kingdom: A longitudinal analysis of males and females. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 49(4), 757-775. https://doi.org/10.1177/0899764020901815
  • Doğan, M., Elçi, G. ve Gürbüz, B. (2019). Serbest zaman doyumu, serbest zamanda sıkılma algısı ve iş tatmini ilişkisi: Akademisyenler üzerine bir araştırma. Spormetre Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 17(1), 154-164. https://doi.org/10.33689/spormetre.521555
  • Farrell, J. M., Johnston, M. E. & Twynam, G. D. (1998). Volunteer motivation, satisfaction, and management at an elite sporting competition. Journal of Sport Management, 12(4), 288-300. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsm.12.4.288
  • Fişne, M. ve Karagöz, Y. (2016). Uluslararası spor organizasyonları için gönüllü motivasyonları ölçeği’nin türkçe’ye uyarlanması. Spor Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.25307/jssr.271322
  • Fletcher, T. D. & Major, D. A. (2004). Medical students motivations to volunteer: An examination of the nature of gender differences. Sex Roles, 51(1-2), 109-114. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:SERS.0000032319.78926.54.
  • Gallant, K., Arai, S. & Smale, B. (2013). Serious leisure as an avenue for nurturing community. Leisure Scien-ces, 35(4), 320-336. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490400.2013.797324.
  • Getz, D. (2008). Event tourism: Definition, evolution, and research. Tourism Management, 29(3), 403-428. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2007.07.017.
  • Giannoulakis, C., Wang, C.-H. & Gray, D. (2008). Measuring volunteer motivation in mega sporting events. Event Management, 11(4), 191-200. https://doi.org/10.3727/152599508785899884
  • Gökçe, H. ve Orhan, K. (2011). Serbest zaman doyum ölçeği’nin Türkçe geçerlilik güvenirlik çalışması. Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 22(4), 139-145.
  • Güntert, S. T., Strubel, I. T., Kals, E. & Wehner, T. (2016). The quality of volunteers motives: Integrating the functional approach and self-determination theory. The Journal of Social Psychology, 156(3), 310-327. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224545.2015.1135864.
  • Karlı, Ü., Polat, E., Yılmaz, B. & Koçak, S. (2008). Serbest zaman tatmin ölçeği'nin (SZTÖ-Uzun Versiyon) geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik çalışması. Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 19(2), 80-91.
  • Kaufman, J. E. (1988). Leisure and anxiety: A study of retirees. Activities, Adaptation & Aging, 11(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1300/J016v11n01_01.
  • Khoo, S. & Engelhorn, R. (2007). Volunteer motivations for the Malaysian paralympiad. Tourism and Hospitality Planning & Development, 4(3), 159- 167. https://doi.org/10.1080/14790530701733413.
  • Kim, Y. M. & Han, H. W. (2005). The influence of enjoyment of dance sports on leisure flow experience and leisure satisfaction. Korean Journal of Physical Education, 44(6), 193-202.
  • Lapa, T. Y. (2013). Life satisfaction, leisure satisfaction and perceived freedom of park recreation participants. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 93, 1985- 1993. https://doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.10.153
  • Lee, C. K., Reisinger, Y., Kim, M. J. & Yoon, S. M. (2014). The influence of volunteer motivation on satisfaction, attitudes, and support for a megaevent. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 40, 37-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2014.03.003
  • Liu, H. (2014). Personality, leisure satisfaction, and subjective well-being of serious leisure participants. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 42(7), 1117-1125. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2014.42.7.1117
  • Liu, H. & Yu, B. (2015). Serious leisure, leisure satisfaction and subjective well-being of Chinese university students. Social Indicators Research, 122(1), 159-174. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-014-0687-6.
  • Lockstone‐Binney, L., Holmes, K., Smith, K. & Baum, T. (2010). Volunteers and volunteering in leisure: Social science perspectives. Leisure Studies, 29(4), 435-455. https://doi.org/10.1080/02614367.2010.527357.
  • Lu, L. & Argyle, M. (1994). Leisure satisfaction and happiness as a function of leisure activity. Gaoxiong yi xue ke xue za zhi= The Kaohsiung Journal of Medical Sciences, 10(2), 89-96.
  • Moon, T. Y. & Heo, C. U. (2011). Impact of participation in sport for all on leisure satisfaction, psychological wellbeing and subjective wellbeing. Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial Cooperation Society, 12(9), 3984-3993. http://dx.doi.org/10.5762/KAIS.2011.12.9.3984
  • Mouratidis, K. (2019). Built environment and leisure satisfaction: The role of commute time, social interaction, and active travel. Journal of Transport Geography, 80, 102491. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2019.102491
  • Oostlander, J., Güntert, S. T., Van Schie, S. & Wehner, T. (2014). Leadership and volunteer motivation: A study using self-determination theory. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 43(5), 869-889. https://doi.org/10.1177/0899764013485158.
  • Parker, S. R. (1997). Volunteering—altruism, markets, causes and leisure. World Leisure & Recreation, 39(3), 4-5. https://doi.org/10.1080/10261133.1997.9674070.
  • Pauline, G. & Pauline, J. S. (2009). Volunteer motivation and demographic influences at a professional tennis event. Team Performance Management: An International Journal, 15(3/4), 172–184. https://doi.org/10.1108/13527590910964946.
  • Riddick, C. C. (1986). Leisure satisfaction precursors. Journal of Leisure research, 18(4), 259-265. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.1986.11969664.
  • Ringuet, C. (2012). Volunteers in sport: Motivations and commitment to volunteer roles. Aspetar Sports Med J, 1, 154-161.
  • Ringuet-Riot, C., Cuskelly, G., Auld, C. & Zakus, D. H. (2014). Volunteer roles, involvement and commitment in voluntary sport organizations: Evidence of core and peripheral volunteers. Sport in Society, 17(1), 116-133. https://doi.org/10.1080/17430437.2013.828902.
  • Ryan, R. M. ve Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55(1), 68-78. DOI: 10.1037110003-066X.55.1.68
  • Ryan, R. (2009). Self determination theory and well being. Social Psychology, 84(822), 848
  • Sayım, F. (2015). Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma ve tez yazım yöntemleri. Ankara: Seçkin.
  • Shin, K. & You, S. (2013). Leisure type, leisure satisfaction and adolescents’ psychological wellbeing. Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology, 7(2), 53-62. https://doi.org/10.1017/prp.2013.6.
  • Solberg, H. A. (2003). Major sporting events: Assessing the value of volunteers' work. Managing Leisure, 8(1), 17-27. https://doi.org/10.1080/1360671032000075216.
  • Stebbins, R. A. (1996). Volunteering: A serious leisure perspective. Nonprofit and voluntary sector quarterly, 25(2), 211-224. https://doi.org/10.1177/0899764096252005.
  • Stebbins, R. A. (2005). Project‐based leisure: theoretical neglect of a common use of free time. Leisure Studies, 24(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1080/0261436042000180832.
  • Stebbins, R. A. (2006). Serious leisure. In A handbook of leisure studies (pp. 448-456). London: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Stebbins, R. A. (2007). Serious leisure: A perspective for our time (Vol. 95). New Brunswick, New Jersey: Transaction Publishers.
  • Stebbins, R. (2014). Careers in serious leisure: From dabbler to devotee in search of fulfilment. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Stebbins, R. A. (2016). Leisure and positive psychology: Linking activities with positiveness. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Taylor, T., Doherty, A. & McGraw, P. (2008). Managing people in sport organizations: A strategic human resource management perspective. New York: Routledge. Tian, H. B., Qiu, Y. J., Lin, Y. Q., Zhou, W. T. & Fan, C. Y. (2020). The Role of Leisure Satisfaction in Serious Leisure and Subjective Well-Being: Evidence from Chinese Marathon Runners. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 581908, 1-10. https:// doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.581908.
  • Twynam, G. D., Farrell, J. M. & Johnston, M. E. (2002). Leisure and volunteer motivation at a special sporting event. Leisure/Loisir, 27(3-4), 363-377. https://doi.org/10.1080/14927713.2002.9651310.
  • Ural, A. ve Kılıç, İ. (2018). Bilimsel araştırma süreci ve spss ile veri analizi. Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık.
  • Van Til, J. (1988). Mapping the third sector: Voluntarism in a changing social economy. New York: The Foundation Center.
  • Wang, C. & Yu, L. (2015). Managing student volunteers for mega events: motivation and psychological contract as predictors of sustained volunteerism. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 20(3), 338-357. https://doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2014.889027.
  • Widjaja, E. (2010). Motivation behind volunteerism CMC senior theses. Paper 4. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/4.
  • Wu, Y., Li, C. & Khoo, S. (2016). Predicting future volunteering intentions through a self-determination theory perspective. VOLUNTAS: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations, 27(3), 1266-1279. https://DOI 10.1007/s11266-015-9570-6
Toplam 67 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Spor Hekimliği
Bölüm Orijinal Makale
Yazarlar

Batuhan Er 0000-0002-4269-4149

Pınar Güzel Gürbüz 0000-0001-5982-2816

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2021
Kabul Tarihi 13 Mayıs 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021

Kaynak Göster

APA Er, B., & Güzel Gürbüz, P. (2021). Uluslararası Spor Organizasyonlarında Gönüllü Motivasyonu ile Serbest Zaman Doyum Düzeyi Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi. Journal of Sport Sciences Research, 6(1), 152-172. https://doi.org/10.25307/jssr.906958
AMA Er B, Güzel Gürbüz P. Uluslararası Spor Organizasyonlarında Gönüllü Motivasyonu ile Serbest Zaman Doyum Düzeyi Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi. JSSR. Haziran 2021;6(1):152-172. doi:10.25307/jssr.906958
Chicago Er, Batuhan, ve Pınar Güzel Gürbüz. “Uluslararası Spor Organizasyonlarında Gönüllü Motivasyonu Ile Serbest Zaman Doyum Düzeyi Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi”. Journal of Sport Sciences Research 6, sy. 1 (Haziran 2021): 152-72. https://doi.org/10.25307/jssr.906958.
EndNote Er B, Güzel Gürbüz P (01 Haziran 2021) Uluslararası Spor Organizasyonlarında Gönüllü Motivasyonu ile Serbest Zaman Doyum Düzeyi Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi. Journal of Sport Sciences Research 6 1 152–172.
IEEE B. Er ve P. Güzel Gürbüz, “Uluslararası Spor Organizasyonlarında Gönüllü Motivasyonu ile Serbest Zaman Doyum Düzeyi Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi”, JSSR, c. 6, sy. 1, ss. 152–172, 2021, doi: 10.25307/jssr.906958.
ISNAD Er, Batuhan - Güzel Gürbüz, Pınar. “Uluslararası Spor Organizasyonlarında Gönüllü Motivasyonu Ile Serbest Zaman Doyum Düzeyi Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi”. Journal of Sport Sciences Research 6/1 (Haziran 2021), 152-172. https://doi.org/10.25307/jssr.906958.
JAMA Er B, Güzel Gürbüz P. Uluslararası Spor Organizasyonlarında Gönüllü Motivasyonu ile Serbest Zaman Doyum Düzeyi Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi. JSSR. 2021;6:152–172.
MLA Er, Batuhan ve Pınar Güzel Gürbüz. “Uluslararası Spor Organizasyonlarında Gönüllü Motivasyonu Ile Serbest Zaman Doyum Düzeyi Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi”. Journal of Sport Sciences Research, c. 6, sy. 1, 2021, ss. 152-7, doi:10.25307/jssr.906958.
Vancouver Er B, Güzel Gürbüz P. Uluslararası Spor Organizasyonlarında Gönüllü Motivasyonu ile Serbest Zaman Doyum Düzeyi Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi. JSSR. 2021;6(1):152-7.

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