The Southern Separatist Movement and the Civil War Years in Sudan, 1955-1972

Öz

The diversity regarding the social construct of Sudan, co-ruled under Anglo-Egyptian Condominium, during the former half of 20th century led to remarkable crises with the administrative organisations commencing to be instituted during the process of transition into modern governmental structuring. The Southern Sudanese, unable to adapt to the Northern social construction prioritising Islam and Arabic culture regarding language, religion and traditions, claiming equal rights concerning newly organised institutions sparked civil unrest. Upon independence, Southerners struggled against the central government in an organized way to have more say on the future of their country. The dominant, sovereign and center-oriented policies of the Northerner leaders posed as the trigger underlying the Southerners being radicalized with their discourses incorporating initially autonomy, and later total independence. The 1960’s, when the independence effort of the nation was carried out via armed organisations systematically, not only eradicated the peaceful atmosphere, but also brought out hostility between the parties formidable to overcome. This study analyzes the representation issue (South-North Rivalry) regarding institutions during pre and post-independence periods and the political processes bringing forth the civil war.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Sudan
• South Sudan
• Separatism
• Autonomy
• Civil War.

Sudan'da Güney Ayrılıkçı Hareketi ve İç Savaş Yılları, 1955-1972

Öz

20. yüzyılın ilk yarısında İngiltere ve Mısır’ın eş idaresinde yönetilen Sudan’ın toplumsal yapısındaki çeşitlilik, idari kurumların tesis edilmeye başlamasıyla modern devlet yapılanmasına geçiş aşamasında önemli krizlerin doğmasına neden olmuştur. Dil, din ve gelenekler bakımından Kuzey’in İslam’ı ve Arap kültürünü önceleyen toplumsal yapısına uyum sağlayamayan Güney Sudanlıların, yeni organize olan kurumlar üzerinde eşit haklar talep etmeleri iç huzursuzluğun çıkmasına neden olmuştur. Bağımsızlık sonrasında Güneyliler, ülkelerinin geleceğinde daha fazla söz sahibi olmak için Merkezi hükümete karşı örgütlü olarak mücadele etmişlerdir. Kuzeyli liderlerin baskın, egemen ve merkeziyetçi yönetim biçimleri, Güneylilerin otonomi ve sonrasında tam bağımsızlık söylemleriyle radikalleşmesinin arkasındaki itici güç olmuştur. Ülkenin egemenlik mücadelesinin silahlı örgütler aracılığıyla organize olarak yürütüldüğü 1960'lı yıllar Sudan’daki toplumsal barışı ortadan kaldırdığı gibi taraflar arasında onarılması güç düşmanlıklar yaratmıştır. Bu çalışmada Sudan’ın bağımsızlık öncesi ve sonrasında kurumlar üzerindeki temsil meselesi (Güney-Kuzey mücadelesi) ve iç savaşa neden olan politik süreçler analiz edilmeye çalışılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Sudan
• Güney Sudan
• Ayrılıkçılık
• Otonomi
• İç Savaş

Kaynakça

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