Kadın Sağlık Çalışanlarının İşyerinde Uğradığı Şiddetin İş Doyumu ve İşten Ayrılma Niyetine Olumsuz Etkileri

Öz

Bu çalışma, sağlık kurumlarında giderek artan işyeri şiddetinin, kadın sağlık çalışanlarının iş doyumu ve işten ayrılma niyeti üzerindeki yansımalarını ortaya koymaktadır. Araştırma bulguları, Muş Devlet Hastanesi’nde çalışan 300 kadın personelle 2023 yılında yapılan kesitsel tanımlayıcı bir çalışmaya dayanmaktadır. Araştırma verileri tanımlayıcı bilgi formu, Minnesota İş Doyumu Ölçeği ve İşten Ayrılma Niyeti Ölçeği ile toplanmıştır. Analizlerde tanımlayıcı istatistikler, Mann–Whitney U, Kruskal–Wallis ve Spearman korelasyonu kullanılmıştır. Katılımcıların %58’i meslek yaşamlarında en az bir kez işyeri şiddetini yaşadığını bildirmektedir ve bu şiddetin en büyük kaynağı erkek hasta yakınlarıdır. Şiddete sık maruz kalanların Minnesota İş Doyumu toplam puanları (2,62±1,13), bir-iki kez maruz kalanlara göre (3,26±0,88) daha düşüktür (p<0,05). İşten ayrılma niyeti, şiddete sık maruz kalan kadın çalışanlarda diğerlerine göre anlamlı biçimde daha yüksektir (p<0,05); benzer bir bulgu son bir yılda hastane içinde şiddete maruz kalanlar için de görülmektedir (p<0,05). İş doyumu ile işten ayrılma niyeti arasında negatif ve anlamlı ilişki vardır (r=−0,740; p<0,05). Kadın sağlık çalışanları, toplumsal cinsiyete dayalı işyeri şiddetine yüksek oranda maruz kalmakta; bu şiddet iş doyumunu azaltmakta işten ayrılma niyetini artırmaktadır. Kadın sağlık çalışanlarına yönelik şiddetle mücadelede güvenliğin sağlanması, kadına yönelik toplumsal cinsiyete dayalı şiddeti önleyici kurumsal politikaların uygulanması psikolojik destek hizmetlerinin sunulması ve yasal süreçlerin etkin biçimde işletilmesi önemlidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• kadın sağlık çalışanı
• işyerinde şiddet
• cinsiyete dayalı şiddet
• iş doyumu
• işten ayrılma niyeti

The Negative Effects of Workplace Violence Against Female Health Workers on Job Satisfaction and Turnover Intention

Öz

This study examines the impact of the rising prevalence of workplace violence in healthcare settings on job satisfaction and turnover intention among female health workers. The findings are based on a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted in 2023 with 300 female personnel working at Muş Public Hospital. Data were collected using a descriptive information form, the Minnesota Job Satisfaction Questionnaire, and the Turnover Intention Scale. Descriptive statistics, Mann–Whitney U test, Kruskal–Wallis tests, and Spearman correlation analyses were employed. 58% of the participants reported experiencing workplace violence at least once in their professional lives, with male patients’ relatives being the primary source of this violence. Minnesota Job Satisfaction total scores were lower among those frequently exposed to violence (2.62 ± 1.13) compared to those exposed once or twice (3.26 ± 0.88) (p <0.05). Turnover intention was significantly higher among women who frequently experienced violence (p <0.05), with a similar pattern observed among those who had been exposed to violence within the past year (p <0.05). There was a significant negative correlation between job satisfaction and turnover intention (r = -0.740; p <0.05). The results indicate that female health workers face a high prevalence of gender-based violence, which reduces job satisfaction and increases turnover intention. Ensuring workplace safety, implementing institutional policies that prevent gender-based violence, providing psychological support services, and enforcing effective legal procedures are essential for combating violence against female health workers.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• female health worker
• workplace violence
• gender-based violence
• job satisfaction
• turnover intention

Kaynakça

1. Akgündüz, Y., Akdağ, G., Güler, O., & Sünnetçioğlu, S. (2014). İşten ayrılma niyeti ve aşırı rol yükünün otel çalışanlarının sosyal aylaklık davranışlarına etkisi. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 16(4), 515–536.
2. Al-Qadi, M. M. (2021). Workplace violence in nursing: A concept analysis. Journal of Occupational Health, 63(1), e12226. https://doi.org/10.1002/1348-9585.12226
3. American Psychological Association. (2023). 2023 Work in America Survey: Workplaces as engines of psychological health and well-being. https://www.apa.org/pubs/reports/work-in-america/2023-workplace-health-well-being
4. Baycan, F. (1985). Farklı gruplarda çalışanlarda iş doyumunun bazı yönlerinin analizi (Yüksek lisans tezi). Boğaziçi Üniversitesi.
5. Cao, Y., Gao, L., Fan, L., Zhang, Z., Liu, X., Jiao, M., Li, Y., & Zhang, S. (2023). Effects of verbal violence on job satisfaction, work engagement and the mediating role of emotional exhaustion among healthcare workers: A cross-sectional survey conducted in Chinese tertiary public hospitals. BMJ Open, 13(3), e065918. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-065918
6. Çabuk, S., & Yasemin, M. (2020). İşyerinde şiddetin iş performansı ve yaşam kalitesi üzerine etkisi: Tekirdağ ili sağlık sektöründe bir uygulama. Sağlık Akademisyenleri Dergisi, 7(1), 1–9.
7. Çam, H. H., & Ustuner Top, F. (2022). Workplace violence against nurses working in public hospitals in Giresun, Turkey: Prevalence, risk factors, and quality of life consequences. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 58(4), 1701–1711.
8. Duan, X., Ni, X., Shi, L., Zhang, L., Ye, Y., Mu, H., Li, Z., Liu, X., Fan, L., & Wang, Y. (2019). The impact of workplace violence on job satisfaction, job burnout, and turnover intention: the mediating role of social support. Health and quality of life outcomes, 17(1), Article 93. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12955-019-1164-3

9. Dursun, S., & Aytaç, S. (2021). The prevalence of violence against healthcare workers in Turkey and employee job satisfaction. Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences, 15, 1607–1610.
10. Esen, H., & Aykal, G. (2020). Sağlık kurumlarında yaşanan şiddetin değerlendirilmesi: Eğitim ve araştırma hastanesi örneği. Sağlık Akademisyenleri Dergisi, 7(1), 1–9.
11. Heponiemi, T., Kouvonen, A., Virtanen, M., Vänskä, J., & Elovainio, M. (2014). The prospective effects of workplace violence on physicians’ job satisfaction and turnover intentions: The buffering effect of job control. BMC Health Services Research, 14, 1–8.
12. Jones, M. (2021). Preventing workplace violence in healthcare. American Association of Critical-Care Nurses. https://www.aacn.org/blog/preventing-workplace-violence-in-healthcare
13. Kabir, M. R. (2022). Workplace violence and turnover intention among female nurses: A cross-sectional study. PLOS Global Public Health, 2(2), e0000187. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0000187
14. Kafle, S., Paudel, S., Thapaliya, A., & Acharya, R. (2022). Workplace violence against nurses: A narrative review. Journal of Clinical and Translational Research, 8(5), 421–424.
15. Li, N., Zhang, L., Xiao, G., Chen, Z. J., & Lu, Q. (2020). Effects of organizational commitment, job satisfaction and workplace violence on turnover intention of emergency nurses: A cross-sectional study. International Journal of Nursing Practice, 26(6), e12854.
16. Lim, M. C., Jeffree, M. S., Saupin, S. S., Giloi, N., & Lukman, K. A. (2022). Workplace violence in healthcare settings: The risk factors, implications and collaborative preventive measures. Annals of Medicine and Surgery, 78, Article 103727. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amsu.2022.103727
17. Magnavita, N., Larese Filon, F., Giorgi, G., Meraglia, I., & Chirico, F. (2024). Assessing Workplace Violence: Methodological Considerations. La Medicina del lavoro, 115(1), e2024003. https://doi.org/10.23749/mdl.v115i1.15186
18. Montuori, P., Sorrentino, M., Sarnacchiaro, P., Di Duca, F., Nardo, A., Ferrante, B., & Nardone, A. (2022). Job satisfaction: Knowledge, attitudes, and practices analysis in a well-educated population. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(21), Article 14214.
19. Pang, Y., Dan, H., Jeong, H., & Kim, O. (2023). Impact of workplace violence on South Korean nurses’ turnover intention: Mediating and moderating roles of depressive symptoms. International Nursing Review, 70(2), 211–218.
20. Pérez-Fuentes, M. D. C., Gázquez, J. J., Molero, M. M., Oropesa, N. F., & Martos, Á. (2021). Violence and job satisfaction of nurses: Importance of a support network in healthcare. European Journal of Psychology Applied to Legal Context, 13(1), 21–28. https://doi.org/10.5093/ejpalc2021a3
21. Somani, R., Muntaner, C., Hillan, E., Velonis, A. J., & Smith, P. (2021). A systematic review: Effectiveness of interventions to de-escalate workplace violence against nurses in healthcare settings. Safety and Health at Work, 12(3), 289–295.
22. Søvold, L. E., Naslund, J. A., Kousoulis, A. A., Saxena, S., Qoronfleh, M. W., Grobler, C., & Münter, L. (2021). Prioritizing the mental health and well-being of healthcare workers: An urgent global public health priority. Frontiers in Public Health, 9, Article 679397.
23. Tamata, A. T., & Mohammadnezhad, M. (2023). A systematic review on the factors affecting shortage of nursing workforce in hospitals. Nursing Open, 10(3), 1247–1257.
24. Tutan, A., & Kökalan, Ö. (2024). The mediation role of work–family conflict in the effect of workplace violence on job satisfaction and intention to leave: A study on healthcare workers in Turkey. Frontiers in Psychology, 15, Article 1322503.
25. Wei, W., Miao, L., & Huang, Z. J. (2013). Customer engagement behaviors and hotel responses. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 33, 316–330. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2012.10.002
26. World Health Organization. (2024). Violence against women. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/violence-against-women
27. Yeh, T. F., Chang, Y. C., Feng, W. H., Yang, C. C., & Sclerosis, M. (2020). Effect of workplace violence on turnover intention: The mediating roles of job control, psychological demands, and social support. Inquiry, 57, Article 46958020969313.
28. Yuh, J., & Choi, S. (2017). Sources of social support, job satisfaction, and quality of life among childcare teachers. The Social Science Journal, 54(4), 450–457.
29. Zhang, L., Wang, A., Xie, X., Zhou, Y., Li, J., Yang, L., & Zhang, J. (2017). Workplace violence against nurses: A cross-sectional study. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 72, 8–14.
30. Zhao, S. H., Shi, Y., Sun, Z. N., Xie, F. Z., Wang, J. H., Zhang, S. E., … Fan, L. H. (2018). Impact of workplace violence on nurses’ thriving at work, job satisfaction and turnover intention: A cross-sectional study. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 27(13–14), 2620–2632. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.14311