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REFORM ÇAĞININ RADİKAL KANADI OLAN HUTTERİTLERİN DİNÎ KÖKENLİ GELENEKSEL KOMÜNAL YAŞAM TARZI ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 11, 837 - 865, 30.12.2019

Öz

Anabaptistler, 16. yüzyıl reform çağının radikal kanadını oluşturan bir harekettir.
Reform sırasında üç Anabaptist topluluk oluşmuştur. Bunlar, Hutteritler, Mennonitler ve İsviçre Kardeşleridir. Anabaptistler, yetişkin vaftizini savunmalarıyla
Katolik, Protestan ve Ortodokslardan ayrılırlar ve onların Hıristiyan dünyasında
lider konumda olmalarına karşı çıkarlar. Yedi tane olan sakramentlerin sadece
ikisini yani vaftiz ve ekmek şarap ayini kabul ederler. Genel itibariyle bütün Anabaptistlerin inançları hemen hemen aynıdır. Ancak Hutteritleri diğer Anabaptistlerden ayıran önemli bir inanç vardır. O da “community of goods” yani malların
ortak paylaşımıdır. Bu inançlarıyla Hutteritler, komünal yaşam sisteminin, yani
malların ortak paylaşımının Hıristiyanlığın gerçek yaşam sistemi olduğuna inanmıştır. Böylece koloniler kurmuşlardır. Hutteritler, dört yüz elli yıldan fazla bir
zamandır ayakta kalmalarıyla dikkatleri üzerlerine çekmişlerdir. Hutteritler, bu
kadar uzun süre ayakta kalmalarını, komünal yaşam sistemine bağlamışlardır.
Çünkü onlar, küçük yaşlardan itibaren bütün üyelerini komünal yaşam sistemine
göre eğitmişlerdir. Bu çalışmada, Anabaptist bir topluluk olan Hutteritlerin koloni
yaşamlarındaki evlilik, aile ve çocukların yetiştirilmesi konularında nasıl bir sistem uyguladıkları hakkında bilgi verilmeye çalışılacaktır.

Kaynakça

  • Boldt, E. D. (1978). Structural Tightness, Autonomy, and Observability: An Analysis of Hutterite Conformity and Orderliness, The Canadian Journal of Sociology. 3/3, 349-363.
  • Boldt, E. D. (1980). The Death of Hutterite Culture: An Alternative Interpretation, Phylon. 41/4. Clark Atlanta University, 390-39.
  • Cacciatore, J. ve Thieleman, K. (2014). We Rise Out Of The Cradle into The Grave: An Ethnographic Exploration of Ritual, Mourning, and Death on A Hutterite Colony. Omega. 69/4. 357-379.
  • Darlage, A. (2010). Double Honor: Elite Hutterite Women in the Sixteenth Century. Church History. 79/4.
  • Diener, P. (1974). Ecology or Evolution? The Hutterite Case, American Ethnologist, 1/4, 601-618.
  • Friedemann, R. (1955). The Christian Communism of the Hutterite Brethren, Archiv für Reformationsgeschichte, 46/14.
  • Larsen, U. ve Vaupel, J. W. (1993). Hutterite Fecundability by Age and Parity: Strategies for Failty Modeling of Event Histories, Demography, 30/1.
  • Mange, A. P. (1964). Growth and Inbreeding of a Human Isolate, Human Biology, 36/2, 104-133.
  • Huffman, D. W. (2000). Life in Hutterite Colony: An Outsider’s Ecperience and Reflections on a Forgotten People in Our Midst, Amerikan Journal of Economics and Sociology, 59/4.
  • Harrison, W. (1992). The Role of Women in Anabaptist Thought and Practice: The Hutterite Experience of the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Senturies. The Sixteenth Century Journal. 23/1, 49-69.
  • Hostetler, J. A. (1983). Hutterite Life. Herald Press, Scottdale Pensilvanya, Waterloo, Ontaryo.
  • Hostetler, J. A. ve Huntington, G. E. (1968). Communal of Pittsburgh Of the Commonwealth System of Higher Education. Ethnology. 7/4, 331-355.
  • Ingoldsby, B. B. (2001). The Hutterite Family in Transition, Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 32/3, 377-392.
  • Janzen, R. ve Stanton, M. (2010). The Hutterites in North America. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.
  • Peter, K. A. (1987). The Dynamics of Hutterite Society. The University of Alberta Press, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
  • Peter, K. ve Whitaker, I. (1983). The Hutterite Economy: Recent Changes and Their Social Correlates, Anthropos. 78, 3/4, 535-546.
  • Riedemann, P. ve Friesen, J.J. (1999). Peter Riedemann’s Hutterite Confession of Faith, Herald Press, Waterloo, Ontario, Scottdale, Pensilvanya.
  • Schludermann, S. ve Schludermann, E. (1969). Social Role Perceptions of Children in Hutterite Communal Society. The Journal of Psychologyi. 72/2, University of Manitoba, 183-188.
  • Schludermann, S. ve Schludermann, E. (1969). Developmental Study of Social Role Perception Among Hutterite Adolescents, The Journal of Psychology, 72/2, 243-246.
  • Schludermann, S. ve Schludermann, E. (1971). Adolescents’ Perception of Themselves and Adults in Hutterite Communal Society The Journal of Psychology, 78/1, 39-48.
  • Schludermann, S. ve Schludermann, E. (1971). Paternal Attitudes in Hutterite Communal Society. The Journal of Psychology, 79/1, University of Manitoba, 41-48.
  • Schludermann, S. ve Schludermann,E. (1971). Adolescent Perception of Parent Behavior (CRPBI) in Hutterite Communal Society, The Journal of Psychology, 79/1, University of Manitoba, 29-39.
  • Schludermann, S. ve Schludermann, E. (1971). Maternal Child Rearing Attitudes in Hutterite Communal Society, The Journal of Psychology, 79:2, University of Manitoba, 169-177.
  • Stephenson, P. H. (1985). Gender, Aging, and mortality in Hutterite Society: A Critique of the Doctrine of Specific Etiology. Medical Anthropology, Cross-Cultural Studies in Health and Illness, 9/4, 355-363.
  • Stephenson, P. H. (1978). Like a Violet Unseen, The Apotheosis of Absence in Hutterite Life. Canadian Review of Sociology, 15/4.
  • Stoltzfus, D. C. (2013). Pacifists in Chains; The Persecution of Hutterites during the Great War, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.

A STUDY ON THE RELIGIOUS TRADITIONAL COMMUNAL LIFE STYLE OF HUTTERITES THAT HAVE RADICAL WINGS OF THE REFORM AGE

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 11, 837 - 865, 30.12.2019

Öz

Anabaptists are a movement that constitutes the radical wing of the 16th century
reform era. Three comunity has emerged from Anabaptists which are the Hutterites,
the Mennonites and the Swiss Brothers. In defending adult baptism, the Anabaptists
are separated from the Catholic, Protestant and Orthodox, and are opposed to their
leadership in the Christian world. In general, the beliefs of all Anabaptists are almost
the same. But there is an important belief that distinguishes Hutterites from other
Anabaptists. It is the “community of goods” that is, the common sharing of goods.
With these beliefs, the Hutterites believed that the communal life system, that is,
the common sharing of goods, was the real life system of Christianity. Thus, they
established colonies. The hutterites have attracted attention with their standing for
more than 450 years. The hutterites attributed their long standing to the communal
life system. Because according to the communal life system, they have trained all
members from a young age . In this study, it is aimed to give information about how
Hutterites, as a Anabaptist community, implement a system in the colonial life about
marriage, family and upbringing

Kaynakça

  • Boldt, E. D. (1978). Structural Tightness, Autonomy, and Observability: An Analysis of Hutterite Conformity and Orderliness, The Canadian Journal of Sociology. 3/3, 349-363.
  • Boldt, E. D. (1980). The Death of Hutterite Culture: An Alternative Interpretation, Phylon. 41/4. Clark Atlanta University, 390-39.
  • Cacciatore, J. ve Thieleman, K. (2014). We Rise Out Of The Cradle into The Grave: An Ethnographic Exploration of Ritual, Mourning, and Death on A Hutterite Colony. Omega. 69/4. 357-379.
  • Darlage, A. (2010). Double Honor: Elite Hutterite Women in the Sixteenth Century. Church History. 79/4.
  • Diener, P. (1974). Ecology or Evolution? The Hutterite Case, American Ethnologist, 1/4, 601-618.
  • Friedemann, R. (1955). The Christian Communism of the Hutterite Brethren, Archiv für Reformationsgeschichte, 46/14.
  • Larsen, U. ve Vaupel, J. W. (1993). Hutterite Fecundability by Age and Parity: Strategies for Failty Modeling of Event Histories, Demography, 30/1.
  • Mange, A. P. (1964). Growth and Inbreeding of a Human Isolate, Human Biology, 36/2, 104-133.
  • Huffman, D. W. (2000). Life in Hutterite Colony: An Outsider’s Ecperience and Reflections on a Forgotten People in Our Midst, Amerikan Journal of Economics and Sociology, 59/4.
  • Harrison, W. (1992). The Role of Women in Anabaptist Thought and Practice: The Hutterite Experience of the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Senturies. The Sixteenth Century Journal. 23/1, 49-69.
  • Hostetler, J. A. (1983). Hutterite Life. Herald Press, Scottdale Pensilvanya, Waterloo, Ontaryo.
  • Hostetler, J. A. ve Huntington, G. E. (1968). Communal of Pittsburgh Of the Commonwealth System of Higher Education. Ethnology. 7/4, 331-355.
  • Ingoldsby, B. B. (2001). The Hutterite Family in Transition, Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 32/3, 377-392.
  • Janzen, R. ve Stanton, M. (2010). The Hutterites in North America. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.
  • Peter, K. A. (1987). The Dynamics of Hutterite Society. The University of Alberta Press, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
  • Peter, K. ve Whitaker, I. (1983). The Hutterite Economy: Recent Changes and Their Social Correlates, Anthropos. 78, 3/4, 535-546.
  • Riedemann, P. ve Friesen, J.J. (1999). Peter Riedemann’s Hutterite Confession of Faith, Herald Press, Waterloo, Ontario, Scottdale, Pensilvanya.
  • Schludermann, S. ve Schludermann, E. (1969). Social Role Perceptions of Children in Hutterite Communal Society. The Journal of Psychologyi. 72/2, University of Manitoba, 183-188.
  • Schludermann, S. ve Schludermann, E. (1969). Developmental Study of Social Role Perception Among Hutterite Adolescents, The Journal of Psychology, 72/2, 243-246.
  • Schludermann, S. ve Schludermann, E. (1971). Adolescents’ Perception of Themselves and Adults in Hutterite Communal Society The Journal of Psychology, 78/1, 39-48.
  • Schludermann, S. ve Schludermann, E. (1971). Paternal Attitudes in Hutterite Communal Society. The Journal of Psychology, 79/1, University of Manitoba, 41-48.
  • Schludermann, S. ve Schludermann,E. (1971). Adolescent Perception of Parent Behavior (CRPBI) in Hutterite Communal Society, The Journal of Psychology, 79/1, University of Manitoba, 29-39.
  • Schludermann, S. ve Schludermann, E. (1971). Maternal Child Rearing Attitudes in Hutterite Communal Society, The Journal of Psychology, 79:2, University of Manitoba, 169-177.
  • Stephenson, P. H. (1985). Gender, Aging, and mortality in Hutterite Society: A Critique of the Doctrine of Specific Etiology. Medical Anthropology, Cross-Cultural Studies in Health and Illness, 9/4, 355-363.
  • Stephenson, P. H. (1978). Like a Violet Unseen, The Apotheosis of Absence in Hutterite Life. Canadian Review of Sociology, 15/4.
  • Stoltzfus, D. C. (2013). Pacifists in Chains; The Persecution of Hutterites during the Great War, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
Toplam 26 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Din Araştırmaları
Bölüm ARAŞTIRMA MAKALELERİ
Yazarlar

Hatice Keleş 0000-0002-6984-0732

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Aralık 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 11

Kaynak Göster

ISNAD Keleş, Hatice. “REFORM ÇAĞININ RADİKAL KANADI OLAN HUTTERİTLERİN DİNÎ KÖKENLİ GELENEKSEL KOMÜNAL YAŞAM TARZI ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA”. Kilis 7 Aralık Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 6/11 (Aralık 2019), 837-865.