Araştırma Makalesi

Rāmāyaṇa’da Ölüm Ritüelleri: Kremasyon, Śrāddha ve Cenaze Törenleri

Cilt: 10 Sayı: 19 30 Haziran 2025
PDF İndir
EN TR

Death Rituals in the Rāmāyaṇa: Cremation, Śrāddha, and Funeral Ceremonies

Abstract

This study examines the death rituals and Śrāddha ceremonies depicted in the Rāmāyaṇa epic, comparing them with Vedic and Dharmasūtra traditions. The study explores how these rituals, especially in the funerals of figures like Daśaratha, Vālī, and Rāvaṇa, were shaped by Brahmanic norms and adapted to different cultural contexts. The rituals’ roles in maintaining social and cosmic order are highlighted, particularly focusing on how patriarchal and hierarchical structures are reproduced. The article shows how Śrāddha ceremonies reflect gender roles and caste hierarchies, with male heirs performing rituals to reaffirm lineage and social order. Women and marginalized groups generally have limited roles, reinforcing the patriarchal and caste-based structure of Brahmanic Hindu society. Examples like the ritual role-sharing between Tara and Aṇgada illustrate women’s marginalization and men’s centrality in these practices. The study also addresses the restricted access of Śūdra and marginalized groups to these rituals, emphasizing the central role of Brahmins in sanctifying these ceremonies. This analysis underscores the socio-political and religious functions of the Rāmāyaṇa’s death rituals, highlighting their role in preserving hierarchical relationships and cosmic balance.

Keywords

History of Religions , Hinduism , Rāmāyaṇa , Śrāddha , Death Rituals , Cremation

Kaynakça

  1. Arya, Sunaina. “Dalit or Brahmanical Patriarchy? Rethinking Indian Feminism”. CASTE: A Global Journal on Social Exclusion, 1/1 (2020), 217–228.
  2. Bell, Catherine. Ritual Theory, Ritual Practice. New York: Oxford University Press, 1992.
  3. Butler, Judith. Gender Trouble: Feminism and The Subversion of Identity. New York: Routledge, 1990.
  4. Bynum, C. Walker. Holy Feast and Holy Fast: The Religious Significance of Food to Medieval Women. University of California Press, 1987.
  5. Chakravarti, Uma. “Conceptualising Brahmanical Patriarchy in Early India: Gender, Caste, Class and State”. Economic and Political Weekly, 28/14 (1993), 579–585. http://www.jstor.org/stable/4399556
  6. Chakravarti, Uma. Gendering Caste Through A Feminist Lens. Stree, 1993.
  7. Daly, Mary. Gyn/Ecology the Metaethics of Radical Feminism. Beacon Press, 1978.
  8. Dutt, M. Nath. Ther Ramayana Yuddha Kandam. Calcutta: Elysium Press, 1893.
  9. Goldman, R.P. vd. The Rāmāyaṇa of Vālmīki: An Epic of Ancient India, Volume VI: Yuddhakāṇḍa. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2009.
  10. Gonda, Jan. Vedic Ritual: The Non-solemn Rites. Leiden: Brill Academic Publishers, 1980.

Kaynak Göster

ISNAD
Masatoğlu, Mehmet. “Death Rituals in the Rāmāyaṇa: Cremation, Śrāddha, and Funeral Ceremonies”. Kalemname 10/19 (01 Haziran 2025): 17-29. https://izlik.org/JA22FR49RP.