Examination of the Performance of Spoon-Type Planting Machine in Kastamonu Taşköprü Garlic Planting

Öz

Garlic production and consumption are increasing worldwide, including in Turkey. It has a wide place on tables due to its taste and health benefits. Kastamonu Taşköprü garlic is also a geographically indicated variety known and sought after worldwide due to its sharp aroma. Approximately 20% of garlic in Türkiye is produced in Kastamonu. Garlic is the most important agricultural product in the Kastamonu economy. Thousands of tons of garlic reach consumers unprocessed, in the form of hand-tied garlic, and are placed on tables. Apart from this, netted garlic in markets, peeled garlic, puree, and black garlic, used primarily in sausage-pastırma-pickle-food sectors, are also processed in facilities in Kastamonu and marketed nationwide. Due to the intensive labor requirement in production, production costs and the supply of labor requirements limit garlic production amounts in the region. In recent years, the use of machinery in planting has become widespread. The spoon-type planting machines are used to plant in rows and then facilitate operations such as weeding and uprooting. This study investigated the success of the spoon-type garlic planting machines used in the region with Kastamonu garlic. The field trials revealed planting performance with the sprout spacing measurement and camera image analysis with different speeds, tooth sizes, and field slope variables. As a result of the results obtained, it was seen that the spoon-type machine was far from making precise planting. When plant distribution was evaluated according to the row spacing in all variables, it was determined that the acceptable row spacing rate was insufficient (11.7-79.5%). It is possible to say that it scatters garlic randomly on the row. These machines need to be developed, and losses in garlic planting should be reduced.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Garlic
• Kastamonu
• planting mechanization
• resource efficiency
• sustainable agriculture

Destekleyen Kurum

There is no supporting institution

Etik Beyan

Ethics committee approval is not required.

Teşekkür

This publication was prepared by using a part of the master's thesis study of Atilla Verep, Kastamonu University, Institute of Science, Department of Mechanical Engineering.

Examination of the Performance of Spoon-Type Planting Machine in Kastamonu Taşköprü Garlic Planting

Öz

Sarımsak üretimi ve tüketimi tüm Dünya’da ve Türkiye’de artmaktadır. Gerek lezzeti gerekse sağlık yönünden faydaları sebebiyle sofralarda geniş yer bulmaktadır. Kastamonu Taşköprü sarımsağı da coğrafi işaret sahibi, keskin aroması sebebiyle tüm dünyada tanınan ve aranan bir çeşittir. Türkiye’deki sarımsağın yaklaşık %20 si Kastamonu’da üretilmektedir. Sarımsak, Kastamonu ekonomisinde en önemli tarımsal üründür. Binlerce ton sarımsak işlenmeden, el bağı şeklinde tüketicilere ulaşmakta ve sofralarda yer almaktadır. Bunun dışında marketlerde yer alan filelenmiş sarımsak, başta sucuk-pastırma-turşu-gıda sektörlerinde kullanıma sunulan soyulmuş sarımsak, püre, siyah sarımsak gibi katma değeri yüksek ürünler de Kastamonu’daki tesislerde işlenip yurt geneline pazarlanmaktadır. Üretiminde yoğun işgücü gereksinimi sebebiyle üretim maliyeti ve işgücü ihtiyacının temini yörede sarımsak üretim miktarlarını kısıtlamaktadır. Son yıllarda ekim işlerinde makine kullanımı yaygınlaşmaya başlamıştır. Kullanılan kaşıkçıklı tip ekim makinaları sıraya ekim yapmakta, sonrasında ot alma, söküm gibi işlemlerin yapılmasını da kolaylaştırmaktadır. Bu çalışmada bölgede kullanılan kaşıkçıklı tip sarımsak ekim makinalarının Kastamonu sarımsağı ile kullanıldığındaki ekim başarısı araştırılmıştır. Yapılan tarla denemelerinde farklı hız, diş büyüklüğü, tarla eğimi gibi değişkenlerle filiz aralık ölçümü ve kamera görüntüsü analizi ile ekim performansı ortaya konmuştur. Elde edilen sonuçlar neticesinde kaşıkçıklı tip makinanın hassas ekim yapmaktan oldukça uzak olduğu görülmüştür. Tüm değişkenlerde sıra üzeri mesafeye göre bitki dağılımı değerlendirildiğinde, kabul edilebilir sıra üzeri aralık oranın yetersiz olduğu saptanmıştır (%11.7-79.5). Sıra üzerine gelişi güzel sarımsak döktüğünü söylemek mümkündür. Bu makinaların geliştirilerek sarımsak ekimindeki kayıpların azaltılması gerekmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Sarımsak
• Kastamonu
• ekim mekanizasyonu
• kaynak verimliliği
• sürdürülebilir tarım

Etik Beyan

Ethics committee approval is not required.

Teşekkür

This publication was prepared by using a part of the master's thesis study of Atilla Verep, Kastamonu University, Institute of Science, Department of Mechanical Engineering.

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