Thermal Aging Effect on Various Characteristics of Alder and Spruce Coated with Fire-Retardant Paints

Ayfer Dönmez Çavdar; Sevda Boran Torun; Marius-Catalin Barbu; Nurgül Ay

doi:10.17475/kastorman.2046863

EN TR

Thermal Aging Effect on Various Characteristics of Alder and Spruce Coated with Fire-Retardant Paints

Öz

Aim of study: This study aimed to determine the effect of thermal aging at 70 and 150 °C for 624 h on the color, surface roughness, fire performance, and weight loss of alder and spruce wood coated with commercial fire-retardant paint containing antimony trioxide (Sb₂O₃) or titanium dioxide (TiO₂).

Material and method: Alder (Alnus glutinosa subsp. barbata) and spruce (Picea orientalis) specimens were coated with fire-retardant paint containing 1% and 2% Sb₂O₃ or TiO₂ and thermally aged at 70 and 150 °C for 624 h. The color change, surface roughness (Rz), limiting oxygen index (LOI), and weight loss of the specimens were determined using the CIE Lab* system, ISO 4287, and ASTM D2863, respectively.

Main results: Aging at 150 °C caused greater total color change than at 70 °C, while painted samples showed less noticeable color change than uncoated controls. Spruce showed greater fire-performance stability than alder. The highest LOI retention was obtained with 2% TiO₂ at 70 °C and 2% Sb₂O₃ at 150 °C. The weight loss of samples at 150 °C ranged from 7% to 11%.

Research highlights: Thermal aging temperature strongly affected color stability and fire performance. Sb₂O₃ and TiO₂ improved fire-performance retention, with the effect varying according to wood species and additive type.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Thermal Aging, Wood Surface, Color Change, Fire Retardant Paint, Fire Retardancy

Teşekkür

The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support provided by Karadeniz Technical University, Unit of Scientific Research Projects Coordination. This work was partially supported by the Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Karadeniz Technical University. The project number was FHD-2017-5983.

Yangın Geciktirici Boyalarla Kaplanmış Kızılağaç ve Ladinin Çeşitli Özellikleri Üzerinde Termal Yaşlandırmanın Etkisi

Öz

Çalışmanın Amacı: Bu çalışmada, %1 veya %2 Sb₂O₃ve TiO₂ içeren yangın geciktirici boya ile kaplanmış kızılağaç ve ladin odununun renk, yüzey pürüzlülüğü, yanma performansı ve ağırlık kaybı üzerine 70 ve 150 °C'de 624 saat uygulanan termal yaşlandırmanın etkisinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Materyal ve yöntem: Kızılağaç (Alnus glutinosa subsp. barbata) ve ladin (Picea orientalis) örnekleri %1 ve %2 Sb₂O₃ ya da TiO₂ içeren yangın geciktirici boya ile kaplanmış ve 70 ile 150 °C'de 624 saat yaşlandırılmıştır. Tüm örneklerin renk, yüzey pürüzlülüğü (Rz), sınırlı oksijen indeksi (LOI) ve ağırlık kaybı; sırasıyla CIE L*a*b* sistemi ile ISO 4287 ve ASTM D2863 standardına göre belirlenmiştir.

Temel sonuçlar: 150 °C'deki yaşlandırma, 70 °C'ye göre daha yüksek toplam renk değişimine neden olmuş; boyalı örneklerde kontrol örneklerine göre daha düşük renk değişimi görülmüştür. Ladin, yanma performansı bakımından kızılağaçtan daha kararlı bulunmuştur. En yüksek LOI korunumu 70 °C'de %2 TiO₂, 150 °C'de %2 Sb₂O₃ içeren ladin örneklerinde elde edilmiştir. 150 °C'deki ağırlık kaybı %7–11 arasında değişmiştir.

Araştırma vurguları: Termal yaşlandırma sıcaklığı renk kararlılığı ve yangın performansını belirgin şekilde etkilemiştir. Sb₂O₃ ve TiO₂ ilavesi yangın performansının korunmasını artırmış, etkiler odun türüne ve katkı maddesine göre değişmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Thermal Aging, Wood Surface, Color Change, Fire Retardant Paint, Fire Retardancy

Kaynakça

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Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Ormancılık (Diğer)

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yazarlar

Ayfer Dönmez Çavdar ^*
Türkiye

Sevda Boran Torun
Türkiye

Marius-Catalin Barbu Bu kişi benim
Austria

Nurgül Ay
Türkiye

Yayımlanma Tarihi

28 Eylül 2026

Gönderilme Tarihi

12 Haziran 2025

Kabul Tarihi

31 Ekim 2025

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2026 Cilt: 26 Sayı: 2

DOI

https://doi.org/10.17475/kastorman.2046863

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA95ET66PZ

APA

Dönmez Çavdar, A., Boran Torun, S., Barbu, M.-C., & Ay, N. (2026). Thermal Aging Effect on Various Characteristics of Alder and Spruce Coated with Fire-Retardant Paints. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty, 26(2), 171-181. https://doi.org/10.17475/kastorman.2046863

AMA

1.Dönmez Çavdar A, Boran Torun S, Barbu MC, Ay N. Thermal Aging Effect on Various Characteristics of Alder and Spruce Coated with Fire-Retardant Paints. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty. 2026;26(2):171-181. doi:10.17475/kastorman.2046863

Chicago

Dönmez Çavdar, Ayfer, Sevda Boran Torun, Marius-Catalin Barbu, ve Nurgül Ay. 2026. “Thermal Aging Effect on Various Characteristics of Alder and Spruce Coated with Fire-Retardant Paints”. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty 26 (2): 171-81. https://doi.org/10.17475/kastorman.2046863.

EndNote

Dönmez Çavdar A, Boran Torun S, Barbu M-C, Ay N (01 Eylül 2026) Thermal Aging Effect on Various Characteristics of Alder and Spruce Coated with Fire-Retardant Paints. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty 26 2 171–181.

IEEE

[1]A. Dönmez Çavdar, S. Boran Torun, M.-C. Barbu, ve N. Ay, “Thermal Aging Effect on Various Characteristics of Alder and Spruce Coated with Fire-Retardant Paints”, Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty, c. 26, sy 2, ss. 171–181, Eyl. 2026, doi: 10.17475/kastorman.2046863.

ISNAD

Dönmez Çavdar, Ayfer - Boran Torun, Sevda - Barbu, Marius-Catalin - Ay, Nurgül. “Thermal Aging Effect on Various Characteristics of Alder and Spruce Coated with Fire-Retardant Paints”. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty 26/2 (01 Eylül 2026): 171-181. https://doi.org/10.17475/kastorman.2046863.

JAMA

1.Dönmez Çavdar A, Boran Torun S, Barbu M-C, Ay N. Thermal Aging Effect on Various Characteristics of Alder and Spruce Coated with Fire-Retardant Paints. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty. 2026;26:171–181.

MLA

Dönmez Çavdar, Ayfer, vd. “Thermal Aging Effect on Various Characteristics of Alder and Spruce Coated with Fire-Retardant Paints”. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty, c. 26, sy 2, Eylül 2026, ss. 171-8, doi:10.17475/kastorman.2046863.

Vancouver

1.Ayfer Dönmez Çavdar, Sevda Boran Torun, Marius-Catalin Barbu, Nurgül Ay. Thermal Aging Effect on Various Characteristics of Alder and Spruce Coated with Fire-Retardant Paints. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty. 01 Eylül 2026;26(2):171-8. doi:10.17475/kastorman.2046863

Thermal Aging Effect on Various Characteristics of Alder and Spruce Coated with Fire-Retardant Paints

Öz

Anahtar Kelimeler

Teşekkür

Yangın Geciktirici Boyalarla Kaplanmış Kızılağaç ve Ladinin Çeşitli Özellikleri Üzerinde Termal Yaşlandırmanın Etkisi

Öz

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kaynakça

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

Konular

Bölüm

Yazarlar

Yayımlanma Tarihi

Gönderilme Tarihi

Kabul Tarihi

Yayımlandığı Sayı

DOI

IZ

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