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GEN Z’S CUSTOMIZATION OF ON-SITE LEISURE ACTIVITIES FOR HARMONIOUS LIFE

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2, 1 - 17, 30.07.2025

Öz

While activities in both digital and physical places provide various benefits for Generation Z, the negative effects of the digital world are also considered an undeniable fact. In this sense, it is important to understand and evaluate the effects of on-site experiences on individuals. As a result, this study examines the effect of customized leisure activities on individuals' on-site experiences and affect of on-site experiences on harmony in life. This will be beneficial for exploring psychological benefits, such as harmony in life, of physical-world leisure activities. Structural Equation Modeling was used in order to analyze the relationships. A total of 244 surveys collected in İstanbul/Beykoz were deemed suitable for analysis using SMARTPLS. The results show that the customization of leisure activities improves the on-site experiences of Gen Z and that these experiences affect harmony in life. Therefore, it is important for destination managers and marketers to realize the importance of on-site experiences and to structure cityscapes with more favorable places and settings.

Kaynakça

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  • Auhuber, L., Vogel, M., Grafe, N., Kiess, W. and Poulain, Tanja. (2019). Leisure Activities of Healthy Children and Adolescents. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(12), 2078. 10.3390/ijerph16122078
  • Balthip, Q., Petchruschatachart, U., Piriyakoontorn, S. and Boddy, J. (2013). Achieving Peace and Harmony in Life: Thai Buddhists Living with Hiv/Aids. International Journal of Nursing Practice, 19(S2), 7-14. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijn.12039
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  • Brajša‐Žganec, A., Merkaš, M. and Šverko, I. (2010). Quality of Life And Leisure Activities: How Do Leisure Activities Contribute to Subjective Well-being?. Social Indicators Research, 102(1), 81-91. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-010-9724-2
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  • Caldwell, L. and Freire, T. (2023). Understanding the Role of Leisure in Portuguese Adolescent Wellbeing Experience. Youth, 3(2), 623-639.
  • Campos, A.C., Mendes, J., Oom De Valle, P. and Scott, N. (2016). Co-creation Experiences: Attention and Memorability. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 33(9), 1309-1336. https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2015.1118424
  • Carvache-Franco, M., Regalado-Pezúa, O., Carvache-Franco, O. and Carvache-Franco. W. (2024). Segmentation by Motivations in Religious Tourism: A Study of the Christ of Miracles Pilgrimage, Peru. Plos One, 19(5), e0303762. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0303762
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Z KUŞAĞININ UYUMLU BİR YAŞAM İÇİN YERİNDE DENEYİMLENEN BOŞ ZAMAN AKTİVİTELERİNİ ÖZELLEŞTİRMESİ

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2, 1 - 17, 30.07.2025

Öz

Hem dijital hem de fiziksel mekanlardaki aktiviteler Z kuşağı için çeşitli faydalar sağlarken, dijital dünyanın olumsuz etkileri de yadsınamaz bir gerçek olarak kabul edilmektedir. Bu nedenle, yerinde deneyimlerin bireyler üzerindeki etkilerini anlamak ve değerlendirmek önem kazanmaktadır Bu çalışma, kişiselleştirilmiş boş zaman aktivitelerinin bireylerin yerinde deneyimleri üzerindeki etkisini ve yerinde deneyimlerin yaşamdaki uyum üzerindeki etkisini incelemektedir. Bu doğrultuda çalışma, fiziksel dünyadaki boş zamanın Z jenerasyonu açısından yaşamda uyuma bağlı olarak psikolojik faydasını değerlendirmede faydalı görülmektedir. Değişkenler arasındaki ilişkileri analiz etmek için Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesi kullanılmıştır. İstanbul/Beykoz'da toplanan 244 anket, SMARTPLS'de analiz için uygun bulunmuştur. Sonuçlar, boş zaman aktivitelerinin özelleştirilmesinin Z kuşağının yerinde deneyimlerini iyileştirdiğini ve bu deneyimlerin yaşamdaki uyumu etkilediğini göstermektedir. Bu nedenle, yerinde deneyimlerin destinasyon yöneticileri ve pazarlamacıları için öneminin farkına varılması ve şehir çekiciliklerinin rekreasyon ve boş zaman etkinlikleri bağlamında daha elverişli mekan ve araçlarla yapılandırılması önemlidir.

Kaynakça

  • Ahn, B. and Song, W. (2024). Effect of Outdoor Leisure Participants on Leisure Identity, Leisure Flow, Leisure Satisfaction, and Re-participation Intention. Societies, 14(2), 17. https://doi.org/10.3390/soc14020017
  • Auhuber, L., Vogel, M., Grafe, N., Kiess, W. and Poulain, Tanja. (2019). Leisure Activities of Healthy Children and Adolescents. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(12), 2078. 10.3390/ijerph16122078
  • Balthip, Q., Petchruschatachart, U., Piriyakoontorn, S. and Boddy, J. (2013). Achieving Peace and Harmony in Life: Thai Buddhists Living with Hiv/Aids. International Journal of Nursing Practice, 19(S2), 7-14. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijn.12039
  • Borrie, W. T. and Roggenbuck, J. W. (2001). The Dynamic, Emergent, and Multi-Phasic Nature of On-Site Wilderness Experiences. Journal of Leisure Research, 33(2), 202-228. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.2001.11949938
  • Brajša‐Žganec, A., Merkaš, M. and Šverko, I. (2010). Quality of Life And Leisure Activities: How Do Leisure Activities Contribute to Subjective Well-being?. Social Indicators Research, 102(1), 81-91. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-010-9724-2
  • Caldwell, L.L. and Witt, P.A. (2011). Leisure, Recreation, and Play From a Developmental Context. New Directions for Youth Development, 2011(130), 13-27. https://doi.org/10.1002/yd.394
  • Caldwell, L. and Freire, T. (2023). Understanding the Role of Leisure in Portuguese Adolescent Wellbeing Experience. Youth, 3(2), 623-639.
  • Campos, A.C., Mendes, J., Oom De Valle, P. and Scott, N. (2016). Co-creation Experiences: Attention and Memorability. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 33(9), 1309-1336. https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2015.1118424
  • Carvache-Franco, M., Regalado-Pezúa, O., Carvache-Franco, O. and Carvache-Franco. W. (2024). Segmentation by Motivations in Religious Tourism: A Study of the Christ of Miracles Pilgrimage, Peru. Plos One, 19(5), e0303762. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0303762
  • Chang, P., Wray, L. and Lin, Y. (2014). Social Relationships, Leisure Activity, and Health in Older Adults. Health Psychology, 33(6), 516-523. https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0000051
  • Coelho, P. S. and Henseler, J. (2012). Creating Customer Loyalty Through Service Customization. European Journal of Marketing, 46(3/4), 331-356. 10.1108/03090561211202503
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  • Kim, K., Schmierbach, M. G., Bellur, S., Chung, M., Fraustino, J. D, Dardis, F. and Ahern, L. (2015b). Is İt A Sense Of Autonomy, Control, or Attachment? Exploring the Effects of in-Game Customization on Game Enjoyment. Computers in Human Behavior, 48, 695-705.
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  • Korpela, K. and Kinnunen, U. (2010). How Is Leisure Time Interacting with Nature Related to the Need for Recovery from Work Demands? Testing Multiple Mediators. Leisure Sciences, 33(1), 1-14.
  • Kurniawan, A. R., Komarudin, A. M.M. and Iskanda, D. (2023). Promoting Positive Youth Development Through Outdoor Physical Activity As An Alternative To Growing Life Skills: Narrative Literature Reviewer. Competitor Jurnal Pendidikan Kepelatihan Olahraga, 15(1), 116. https://doi.org/10.26858/cjpko.v15i1.42878
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  • Lagrosen, S. and Lagrosen, Y. (2007). Exploring Service Quality in the Health and Fitness Industry. Managing Service Quality, 17(1), 41-53.
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  • Leslie, B., Anderson, C., Bickham, C., Horman, J., Overly, A., Gentry, C., and King, J. (2021). Generation Z perceptions of a positive workplace environment. Employee responsibilities and rights journal, 33, 171-187.
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  • Liu, H. and Da, S. (2020). The Relationships Between Leisure and Happiness-A Graphic Elicitation Method. Leisure Studies, 39(1), 111-130.
  • Lo, H., Yang, M. J., Huang, C. and Chien, C. (2022). Does Income Influence Rational Decisions?. Ekonomski Horizonti, 24(2), 195-209.
  • Marathe, S. and Sundar, S. S. (2011). What Drives Customization? Control Or Identity?. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 781-790). https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009327374
  • McClain, L. R. and Zimmerman, H. T. (2016). Memories on the Trail: Families Connecting Their Prior Informal Learning Experiences to the Natural World During Nature Walks. Journal of Interpretation Research, 21(2), 21-42. https://doi.org/10.1177/109258721602100203
  • McGillivray, D. and Frew, M. (2014). From Fan Parks to Live Sites: Mega Events and the Territorialisation of Urban Space. Urban Studies, 52(14), 2649-2663. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098014550456
  • Mitra, R., Moore, S. A., Gillespie, M., Faulkner, G., Vanderloo, L. M., Chulak-Bozzer, T., Rhodes, R. E., Brussoni, M. and Tremblay, M. S. (2020). Healthy Movement Behaviours in Children and Youth During the Covid-19 Pandemic: Exploring the Role of the Neighbourhood Environment. Health & Place, 65: 102418. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2020.102418
  • Molina-García, J., Castillo, I. and Queralt, A. (2011). Leisure-time Physical Activity and Psychological Well-being in University Students. Psychological Reports, 109(2), 453-460. https://doi.org/10.2466/06.10.13.PR0.109.5.453-460
  • Moore, S. A., Faulkner, G., Rhodes, R. E., Brussoni, M., Chulak-Bozzer, T., Ferguson, L. J., Mitra, R., O’Reilly, N., Spence, J. C. Vanderloo, L.M. and Tremblay, M. S. (2020). Impact of the Covid-19 Virus Outbreak on Movement and Play Behaviours of Canadian Children and Youth: A National Survey. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 17(1), 85. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-020-00987-8
  • Nagata, S., McCormick, B. and Piatt, J. (2018). The Effect of Leisure Coping on Depressive Symptoms Among Individuals with Depression: Examination of Potential Confounding Effects of Physical Activity and Extraversion. Psychology Health & Medicine, 24(6), 654-666.
  • Nijland, L., Arentze, T. and Timmermans, H. (2010). Eliciting the Needs That Underlie Activity–Travel Patterns and Their Covariance Structure: Results of Multimethod Analyses. Transportation Research Record, 2157(1), 54-62.
  • Nima, A. A., Cloninger, K. M., Persson, B. N., Sikström, S. and Garcia, D. (2020). Validation of Subjective Well-Being Measures Using Item Response Theory. Frontiers in Psychology, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.03036
  • Nurbaiti, N. (2023). Characteristics of Internet, Smartphone, and Social Media Usage Among Generation Z in South Jakarta After the Covid-19 Pandemic. Journal of Health Sciences and Epidemiology, 1(3), 101-108. https://doi.org/10.62404/jhse.v1i3.26
  • Osman, S. and Gaucher, D. (2021). The Relationship Between Leisure Activities and Well-Being During Social Isolation. Journal of Student Research, 10(3). https://doi.org/10.47611/jsr.v10i3.1328
  • Pantic, I. (2014). Online Social Networking and Mental Health. Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking, 17(10): 652–657. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2014.0070
  • Park, S., Yoon, H., Koo, C. and Lee, W. (2021). Role of the Leisure Attributes of Shared Bicycles in Promoting Leisure Benefits and Quality of Life. Sustainability, 13(2): 739. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13020739
  • Poitras, V. J., Gray, C. E., Borghese, M. M., Carson, V., Chaput, J., Janssen, I., Katzmarzyk, P. T., Pate, R. R., Gorber, S. C., Kho, M. E., Sampson, M. and Tremblay, M. S. (2016). Systematic Review of the Relationships Between Objectively Measured Physical Activity and Health Indicators in School-Aged Children and Youth. Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism, 41(6 (Suppl. 3)): 197-239. https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2015-0663
  • Polus, R. C, Bidder, C. and Jones, T. E. (2016). Understanding Tourists’ Motives and Sought Experiences at Sandakan Memorial Park Borneo. Asian Journal of Tourism Research, 1(1), 149-166. https://doi.org/10.12982/ajtr.2016.0006
  • Riyami, H. A., Almuhrzi, H. and Scott, N. (2021). Heritage Hotel Experiences in Nizwa, Oman. International Journal of Tourism Research, 24(1): 169-180. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.2492
  • Rochas De Francisco, L., López-Sintas, S. and García‐Álvarez, E. (2016). Social Leisure in the Digital Age. Loisir Et Société / Society and Leisure, 39(2), 258-273. https://doi.org/10.1080/07053436.2016.1198598
  • Ruiz, R. A. A., de Jubera Ocón, M. S., Valdemoros San Emeterio M. Á. and de León Elizondo, A. P. (2022). Digital Leisure: an Opportunity for Intergenerational Well-Being in Times of Pandemic?. Journal of New Approaches in Educational Research, 11(1), 31-48. https://doi.org/10.7821/naer.2022.1.806
  • Ryff, C. D. (1989). Happiness Is Everything, or Is It? Explorations on the Meaning of Psychological Well-Being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57(6), 1069-1081. 10.1037/0022-3514.57.6.1069
  • Seaman, J., Sharp, E. H., Tucker, C. J, Gundy, K. V. and Rebellon, C. 2019. Outdoor Activity Involvement and Postsecondary Status Among Rural Adolescents: Results from a Longitudinal Analysis. Journal of Leisure Research, 50(1), 18-27. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.2018.1544472
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  • Sfendla, A. and Hadrya, F. (2020). Factors Associated with Psychological Distress and Physical Activity During the Covid-19 Pandemic. Health Security, 18(6), 444-453. https://doi.org/10.1089/hs.2020.0062
  • Shen, X., MacDonald, M., Logan, S. L., Parkinson, C., Gorrell, L. and Hatfield, B. E. (2022). Leisure Engagement During Covid-19 and Its Association with Mental Health and Wellbeing in U.S. Adults. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(3), 1081. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031081
  • Simonson, I. (2005). Determinants of Customers’ Responses to Customized Offers: Conceptual Framework and Research Propositions. Journal of Marketing, 69(1), 32-45. https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.69.1.32.55512
  • Smith, E. E. (2016). “A real double-edged sword:” Undergraduate Perceptions of Social Media in Their Learning. Computers & Education, 103, 44-58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2016.09.009
  • Smørvik, K. K. (2020). Why Enter the Church on Holiday? Tourist Encounters with the Basilica of Santa Maria in Trastevere, Rome. Journal of Heritage Tourism, 16(3), 337-348. https://doi.org/10.1080/1743873x.2020.1807557
  • Sorrentino, A., Fu, X., Romano, R., Quintano, M. and Risitano, M. (2020). Measuring Event Experience and Its Behavioral Consequences in the Context of a Sports Mega-Event. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Insights, 3(5), 589-605. 10.1108/JHTI-03-2020-0026.
  • Spears, J., Zobac, S. R., Spillane, A. and Thomas, S. (2015). Marketing Learning Communities to Generation Z: The Importance of Face-to-Face Interaction in a Digitally Driven World. Learning Communities: Research & Practice, 3(1).
  • Spiers, A. and Walker, G. J. (2008). The Effects of Ethnicity and Leisure Satisfaction On Happiness, Peacefulness, and Quality of Life. Leisure Sciences, 31(1), 84-99. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490400802558277
  • Song, H., Ahn, Y. and Lee, C. (2013). Structural Relationships Among Strategic Experiential Modules, Emotion and Satisfaction at the Expo 2012 Yeosu Korea. International Journal of Tourism Research, 17(3), 239-248. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.1981
  • Şentürk, A.Y. and Okur, E. (2020). Physical Activity Level and Leisure Time Satisfaction in Higher Vocational School Students. Cumhuriyet Medical Journal, 42(2), 170-178. https://doi.org/10.7197/cmj.vi.746302
  • Trainor, S., Delfabbro, P., Anderson, S. and Winefield, A. (2010). Leisure Activities and Adolescent Psychological Well-Being. Journal of Adolescence, 33(1), 173-186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2009.03.013
  • Tutar, Ö. F. and Turhan, F. H. (2023). Digital Leisure: Transformation of Leisure Activities. Shanlax International Journal of Education, 11, 16-28. https://doi.org/10.34293/ education.v11iS1-Oct.6365
  • Twilley, D., Morris, L., Holland, W. H. and Holland, K. K. (2022). An Examination of Dramma Model Outcomes for Campus Recreation Users. Recreational Sports Journal, 46(1), 64-77. https://doi.org/10.1177/15588661211047597
  • Walker, G. J., Hull IV, R. B. and Roggenbuck, J. W. (1998). On-site Optimal Experiences and Their Relationship to Off-Site Benefits. Journal of Leisure Research, 30(4), 453-471.
  • Wallace, A. E. (2018). The Distortion Machine. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. UK Wei, X. and Li, Q. (2013). The Confucian Value of Harmony and Its Influence on Chinese Social Interaction. Cross-Cultural Communication, 9(1), 60-66.
  • Xue, Q., Yang, J., Wang, H. and Zhang, D. 2022. How and When Leisure Crafting Enhances College Students’ Well-Being: A (Quantitative) Weekly Diary Study. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 15, 273-290. https://doi.org/10.2147/prbm.s344717
  • Zatori, A., Smith, M. K. and Puczko, L. (2018). Experience-Involvement, Memorability and Authenticity: The Service Provider's Effect on Tourist Experience. Tourism Management, 67, 111-126.
  • Zurawik, M. A. (2020). Moving Through Spaces – Leisure Walking and Its Psychosocial Benefits for Well-Being: A Narrative Review. Human Movement, 21(2), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.5114/hm.2020.89908
Toplam 82 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Turizm (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Selin Kama

Eda Yayla 0000-0003-3949-715X

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 17 Temmuz 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Temmuz 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 21 Şubat 2025
Kabul Tarihi 14 Nisan 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Kama, S., & Yayla, E. (2025). GEN Z’S CUSTOMIZATION OF ON-SITE LEISURE ACTIVITIES FOR HARMONIOUS LIFE. Karadeniz Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 3(2), 1-17.
AMA Kama S, Yayla E. GEN Z’S CUSTOMIZATION OF ON-SITE LEISURE ACTIVITIES FOR HARMONIOUS LIFE. KATAD. Temmuz 2025;3(2):1-17.
Chicago Kama, Selin, ve Eda Yayla. “GEN Z’S CUSTOMIZATION OF ON-SITE LEISURE ACTIVITIES FOR HARMONIOUS LIFE”. Karadeniz Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi 3, sy. 2 (Temmuz 2025): 1-17.
EndNote Kama S, Yayla E (01 Temmuz 2025) GEN Z’S CUSTOMIZATION OF ON-SITE LEISURE ACTIVITIES FOR HARMONIOUS LIFE. Karadeniz Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi 3 2 1–17.
IEEE S. Kama ve E. Yayla, “GEN Z’S CUSTOMIZATION OF ON-SITE LEISURE ACTIVITIES FOR HARMONIOUS LIFE”, KATAD, c. 3, sy. 2, ss. 1–17, 2025.
ISNAD Kama, Selin - Yayla, Eda. “GEN Z’S CUSTOMIZATION OF ON-SITE LEISURE ACTIVITIES FOR HARMONIOUS LIFE”. Karadeniz Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi 3/2 (Temmuz2025), 1-17.
JAMA Kama S, Yayla E. GEN Z’S CUSTOMIZATION OF ON-SITE LEISURE ACTIVITIES FOR HARMONIOUS LIFE. KATAD. 2025;3:1–17.
MLA Kama, Selin ve Eda Yayla. “GEN Z’S CUSTOMIZATION OF ON-SITE LEISURE ACTIVITIES FOR HARMONIOUS LIFE”. Karadeniz Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, c. 3, sy. 2, 2025, ss. 1-17.
Vancouver Kama S, Yayla E. GEN Z’S CUSTOMIZATION OF ON-SITE LEISURE ACTIVITIES FOR HARMONIOUS LIFE. KATAD. 2025;3(2):1-17.