ANTROPOSEN KRİZİNİ AŞMAK: CO2 EMİSYONUNU ETKİLEYEN DEĞİŞKENLER ÜZERİNE BİR PANEL VERİ ANALİZİ

Öz

Sınırsız birikim, büyüme ve tüketim merkezli sistemin olumsuz etkileri hemen her alanda görülmektedir. Bu etkilerin en önemlilerinden biri de doğada gerçekleşen yıkımdır. Çevre, bir taraftan fırtınalar ve seller şeklinde gerçekleşen aşırı yağışlar diğer taraftan aşırı kuraklık tehdidi ile yüz yüzedir. Doğaya yapılan müdahaleler insanlık tarihinin her döneminde var olmakla birlikte bunun en yüksek seviyelere eriştiği dönem kapitalizm ile temsil edilir. Kapitalizmle birlikte Antroposen çağı başlamış, 1945’ten sonra çevresel tahribat en yüksek seviyelere ulaşmıştır. Bu çalışmada öncelikle Antroposen çağı ele alınmıştır. Ardından Antroposen çağının göstergesi olan karbondioksit emisyonu (CO2) ile büyüme, ticari açıklık, küreselleşme, sanayileşme, enerji tüketimi ve yerel malzeme tüketimi arasındaki ilişki incelenmiştir. Çalışmada dünyada en fazla CO2 salınımını gerçekleştiren ilk beş ülkenin (Çin, ABD, Hindistan, Rusya ve Japonya) 1992-2018 yılları arasındaki verileri kullanılmıştır. Yapılan panel veri analizinde ticari açıklık hariç bütün bağımsız değişkenlerin farklı oranlarda CO2’yi arttırdığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Buradan hareketle CO2 salınımını azaltmaya yönelik politika önerilerinde bulunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Antroposen
• CO2
• Çevre Kirliliği
• Panel Veri Analizi

OVERCOME THE ANTHROPOCENE CRISIS: A PANEL DATA ANALYSIS ON VARIABLES AFFECTING CO2 EMISSIONS

Öz

The negative effects of the unlimited accumulation, growth and consumption-centered system are observed in almost every field. One of the most important of these effects is the destruction of nature. The environment is faced with the threat of excessive precipitation in the form of storms and floods on the one hand, and extreme drought on the other. Although the interventions to nature exist in every period of human history, the period when this reaches the highest levels is represented by capitalism. The Anthropocene era started with capitalism, and after 1945, this destruction reached its highest levels. In this study, first of all, the Anthropocene age examined. Then, the relationship between carbon dioxide emission (CO2), which is indicator of the Anthropocene age, and growth, trade openness, globalization, industrialization, energy consumption and local material consumption was examined. In the study, the data of the top five countries (China, USA, India, Russia and Japan) that released the highest CO2 emissions between 1992 and 2018 were used. In the panel data analysis, it was concluded that all independent variables, except trade openness, increased CO2 at different rates. From this point of view, policy proposals have been made to reduce CO2 emissions.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Anthropocene
• CO2
• Environmental Pollution
• Panel Data Analysis

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