Duygular ve Değer Biçen Yargılar

Öz

Birçok çağdaş filozof duyguların değer biçen yargılar ile kurulduğunu ve bu sebeple de bilişsel olduklarını iddia etmektedir. Her ne kadar bu iddia duyguların doğası hakkında bize zengin tartışma alanları açıyor olsa da, böyle bir genelleştirmeye ulaşma kaygısı aynı zamanda duyguların etik boyutunu göz ardı etmektedir. Bunu engellemek adına spesifik duygulara odaklanmamız gerektiğini iddia ediyorum. Bu yazıda merhamet duygusunu inceleyerek, duygular ve değer koyan yargılar arasında içkin bir ilişki olduğunu ama bu ilişkinin her zaman tek taraflı olmayabileceğini, duyguların da yargılarımızı biçimlendirebileceğini savunuyorum. Son olarak, eğer duygular ve yargılar arasında içkin bir ilişki varsa, yargının askıya alınması durumunun (Arendt’in Eichmann analizi) aynı zamanda duygusal anlamda kayıtsızlık halini de beraberinde getireceğini ve özellikle bu kayıtsızlık ya da duyguların askıya alınması (emotion-free state) halinin kişinin ahlaki eylemden ve sorumluluk alma yetisinden uzaklaşmasını kolaylaştıracağını iddia ediyorum.  

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Duygular,Değer Biçen Yargılar,Merhamet,Etik

Emotions and Evaluative Judgments

Öz

There has been an ongoing debate on whether emotions are evaluative judgments, and as such cognitive. Though philosophers, who commit themselves to the idea that emotions are constituted or structured by evaluative judgments, provide us with very rich accounts of the nature of emotions, they downplay its ethical dimension. In order to correct this we should focus on particular emotions. Here I focus on compassion and conclude that though there is an intrinsic relationship between emotions and evaluative judgments this is not necessarily a one-sided one. Finally, I claim that any suspension of judgment (Arendt on Eichmann) can lead to a state of indifference, or an emotion-free state. And here I am interested in the ethical consequences of such a state, namely that with the suspension of judgment and accordingly of emotions, it is much easier for someone to avoid any moral action, and accordingly any sense of accountability.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Emotions,Evaluative Judgments,Compassion,Ethics

Kaynakça

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