Adaletin Kantçı Zemini

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 18 Sayı: 1, 276 - 287, 15.03.2019

Özgür Yalçın

https://doi.org/10.20981/kaygi.540105

Öz

Siyaset felsefesinin temel sorunu,
bireysel özgürlük ile siyasal otoriteyi bağdaştırmaktır. Adalet kavrayışları bireysel
özgürlük ile siyasal otorite arasındaki ilişkinin nasıl kurulması gerektiğini
belirlerler. Özellikle Kantçı siyaset felsefesinde bireysel özgürlük düşüncesi
adaletin temelini veren ilkedir. Ancak, Kantçılar arasında özgürlüğün siyasal
adalet bağlamında nasıl anlaşılması gerektiği konusunda anlaşmazlık vardır.
Rainer Forst’un çalışmaları Kant’ın siyaset felsefesini özgürlüğü ahlaki
özerklik temelinde derinlemesine ve bütünsel olarak yeniden inşa
girişimlerinden birini örneklemektedir. Bu makalede ilk olarak Rainer Forst’un
siyasal adalet kavrayışını tanıtıp eleştirel bir şekilde değerlendiriyorum.
Sonrasında, Forst’un Kantçı siyasal adalet yorumuna alternatif olarak, ahlaki
özerkliğe dayanmayan, daha kabul edilebilir bir Kantçı siyasal adalet kavrayışını
önererek kısaca tartışıyorum. Kant’ın doğuştan özgürlüğe hakkı olma
düşüncesinin siyasal adaletin temelini veren ilke olduğunu ileri sürüyorum.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kant, Özerklik, Özgürlük, Adalet, Gerekçelendirme

Kantian Grounds of Justice

Öz

The fundamental problem of political
philosophy is reconciling individual freedom and political authority.
Conceptions of justice specify how the relationship between individual freedom
and political authority is to be established. The idea of individual freedom is
specifically the grounding principle of justice for Kantian political
philosophy. However, there is a disagreement between Kantians on the question
of how freedom should be conceived in the context of political justice. Rainer
Forst’s works exemplify one of the most elaborate attempts to reconstruct
Kant’s political philosophy grounded in freedom as moral autonomy. In this
paper, I first introduce and assess critically Rainer Forst’s conception of
political justice. Then, as an alternative to Forst’s Kantian interpretation of
political justice, I propose and briefly discuss a more acceptable conception
of Kantian idea of political justice, which is not based on moral autonomy. I
argue that Kant’s idea of freedom as an innate right is the grounding principle
of political justice.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kant, Autonomy, Freedom, Justice, Justification

Kaynakça

• BENHABİB, Seyla (2015). “The Uses and Abuses of Kantian Rigorism. On Rainer Forst’s Moral and Political Philosophy”, Political Theory, 43(6): 777-792.
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• FLIKSCHUH, Katrin (2012). “Elusive Unity: The General Will in Hobbes and Kant”, Hobbes Studies, 25(1): 21-42.
• FLIKSCHUH, Katrin (2013). “Personal autonomy and public authority”, Kant on Moral Autonomy, ed. O. Sensen, pp. 169-190, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
• FORST, Rainer (2011). The Right to Justification: Elements of a Constructivist Theory of Justice, New York: Columbia University Press.
• FORST, Rainer (2014a). Justification and Critique: Towards a Critical Theory of Politics, Cambridge: Polity Press.
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• WARNKE, Georgia (2013). “Deliberation and interpretation”, Philosophy and Social Criticism, 39(8): 755-770.