Sporcuları müsabaka esnasında olumsuz davranışlar sergilemeye yönlendiren etkenlerin sınıflama yargılarına dayalı ölçeklenmesi

Öz

Bu çalışma, sporcuların müsabaka sırasında olumsuz davranışlara yönelmelerine neden olan etkenleri belirlemeyi ve bu etkenlerin sporcuların deneyimlerine dayalı göreli önemlerini, sınıflama yargılarına dayalı ölçekleme tekniği ile ortaya koymayı amaçlamıştır. Çalışma, nicel bir yaklaşımla, betimsel ve kesitsel olarak yürütülmüş olup, katılımcılarını çeşitli branşlarda aktif olarak müsabakalara katılan 278 sporcu (185 erkek %66,7; 93 kadın %33,3; yaş ortalaması= 22,27, SS = 4,03) oluşturmuştur. Veri toplama aracı olarak, katılımcılara literatür taraması ve uzman görüşlerine dayanılarak hazırlanan 12 temel etkeni içeren “Sporda Olumsuz Davranışlara Yönlendiren Etkenler Formu” sunulmuş ve her bir etkenin, katılımcıların müsabakalardaki genel deneyimlerine bağlı olarak olumsuz davranışlara yönlendirme bakımından ne ölçüde etkili olduğunu sınıflandırmaları istenmiştir. Bu form, hakem kararları, kazanma anlayışı, sporcunun öfkesini kontrol edememesi, antrenör ve takım arkadaşlarının etkileri ile rakip ve seyirci davranışları gibi etkenleri içermektedir. Veriler çevrimiçi anket yöntemiyle toplanmış ve R (4.3.2.) ortamında sınıflama yargıları kanununun Koşul B denklemine göre analiz edilmiştir. Analiz sonucunda, sıfıra ötelenmiş ölçek değerlerine göre, hakemlerin adil olmayan kararlar vermesi (Sc= 0,931), ne pahasına olursa olsun kazanma anlayışına sahip olma (Sc= 0,777) ve sporcuların öfkesini kontrol edememesi (Sc= 0,569) en yüksek ölçek değerlerine sahip etkenler olarak belirlenmiş ve çevresel etkenler ise daha düşük ölçek değerlerine sahip olduğu görülmüştür. Sonuçlar, müsabaka esnasında sporcuların olumsuz davranışlarını açıklamada bireysel psikolojik etkenlerin çevresel faktörlere kıyasla daha belirleyici olduğunu göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Ahlaki davranış
• Spor etiği
• Sporcu
• Ölçekleme teknikleri
• Olumsuz davranış

Scaling based on classification judgments of factors leading athletes to exhibit negative behaviors during competition

Öz

This study aimed to identify the factors that lead athletes to engage in negative behaviors during competition and to determine the relative importance of these factors using a classification judgment-based scaling technique. The study was conducted using a quantitative, descriptive, and cross-sectional approach, with 278 athletes actively participating in competitions across various sports (185 males, 66.7%; 93 females, 33.3%; mean age= 22.27, SD= 4.03) serving as participants. As the data collection tool, participants were presented with the “Factors Leading to Negative Behaviors in Sports Form,” which included 12 key factors developed based on a literature review and expert opinions. They were asked to classify each factor according to how influential they believed it was in prompting negative behaviors based on their overall experience in competitions. The form included factors such as referee decisions, the athletes’ win-at-all-costs mindset, athletes’ ability to control anger, the influence of coaches and teammates, and the behaviors of opponents and spectators. Data were obtained via an online survey and analyzed in R (version 4.3.2) using Condition B of the law of categorical judgment. The analysis revealed that, according to the zero-centered scale values, referees’ unfair decisions (Sc= 0.931), a win-at-all-costs mentality (Sc= 0.777), and athletes’ inability to control their anger (Sc= 0.569) were identified as the factors with the highest scale values, whereas environmental factors were found to have lower scale values. In conclusion, individual psychological factors play a more decisive role than environmental factors in explaining athletes’ negative behaviors during competition.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Moral conduct
• Sports ethics
• Athletes
• Scaling methods
• Negative behavior

Kaynakça

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