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“STATUS SOCIETY”: SOCIOLOGICAL THINKING OF GÖBEKLI TEPE AND KARAHAN TEPE IN THE CONTEXT OF SOCIAL STRATIFICATION

Cilt: 1 Sayı: 56 27 Aralık 2022
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“STATUS SOCIETY”: SOCIOLOGICAL THINKING OF GÖBEKLI TEPE AND KARAHAN TEPE IN THE CONTEXT OF SOCIAL STRATIFICATION

Öz

Göbekli Tepe and the Neolithic sites around Urfa, which were identified by surveys, provide rich data for the transition of human beings from hunter-gatherer groups to settled and semi-settled agricultural societies. It is possible to trace most of the institutional foundations of today's societies to this transition period. Social theory, which was heavily influenced by the "Neolithic revolution" paradigm, ignored this transitional period. Sociological thought categorizes societies as hunter-gatherer and agricultural societies starting from the back and moves from the axiom that hunter-gatherer societies are egalitarian and agricultural societies are hierarchical. On the other hand, archaeological studies, while addressing the hierarchical "nature" of Neolithic societies, do not sufficiently benefit from the relatively rich theoretical background of sociology. As a result, it becomes important that the two disciplines work in cooperation. This study will emphasize that egalitarian hunter-gatherer groups lived in a relatively long transition period before class-based stratification originating from the economy, and that they went through a hierarchical social order based on social prestige rather than economic inequality during this transition period. For this, Weber's concept of status, which emphasizes different inequalities, rather than Marx's conceptualization of class division based on the ownership of the means of production, will be taken into consideration. Göbekli Tepe society was a classless society, but a hierarchical society based on status. It is possible to define societies that share Göbekli Tepe culture as "status society" in which individuals and groups have prestigious status on an ideological basis. In this scenario, some people had a more prestigious position than others because they monopolized the mythological narrative that made the world meaningful, causing social differentiation. Unlike the main claim of social conflict analysis, the article will argue that the symbolic world, which expresses the social hierarchy in Göbekli Tepe culture, has important functions that enable the Neolithic lifestyle, besides providing a meaningful explanation of the social world rather than causing an exploitation mechanism against a part of the Neolithic society.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kaynakça

  1. REFERENCES Abélès, M. (2020). Devletin Antropolojisi (N. Ökten, Çev.). Dipnot Yayınları.
  2. Banning, E. B. (2011). So Fair a House Göbekli Tepe and the Identification of Temples in the Pre-Pottery Neolithic of the Near East. Current Antropology, 52(5), Article 5.
  3. Bar-Yosef, O. (2016). Multiple Origins of Agriculture in Eurasia and Africa. İçinde M. Tibayrenc & F. J. Ayala (Ed.), On Human Nature Biology, Psychology, Ethics, Politics, and Religion (ss. 296-331). Elsevier.
  4. Berger, P. L. (2015). Kutsal Şemsiye Dinin Sosyolojik Teorisinin Ana Unsurları (A. Coşkun, Çev.; 5. bs). Rağbet Yayınları.
  5. Bottomore, T. B. (2015). Toplumbilim Sorunlarına ve Yazınına İlişkin Bir Kılavuz (Ü. Oskay, Çev.). İnkılap Kitabevi.
  6. Bourdieu, P. (1984). Distinction A Social Critique of the Judgement of Taste (R. Nice, Çev.). Harvard University Press.
  7. Childe, G. (1964). What Happened in History. Penguin Books.
  8. Clare, L. (2020). Göbekli Tepe, Turkey. A brief summary of research at a new World Heritage Site (2015– 2019). e-Forschungsberichte, 2, 81-88.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Arkeoloji

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yayımlanma Tarihi

27 Aralık 2022

Gönderilme Tarihi

9 Ekim 2022

Kabul Tarihi

16 Ekim 2022

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2022 Cilt: 1 Sayı: 56

Kaynak Göster

APA
Ayaz, O., Çelik, B., & Çakmak, F. (2022). “STATUS SOCIETY”: SOCIOLOGICAL THINKING OF GÖBEKLI TEPE AND KARAHAN TEPE IN THE CONTEXT OF SOCIAL STRATIFICATION. Karadeniz Uluslararası Bilimsel Dergi, 1(56), 122-142. https://doi.org/10.17498/kdeniz.1186376
AMA
1.Ayaz O, Çelik B, Çakmak F. “STATUS SOCIETY”: SOCIOLOGICAL THINKING OF GÖBEKLI TEPE AND KARAHAN TEPE IN THE CONTEXT OF SOCIAL STRATIFICATION. Karadeniz | Black Sea | чёрное море. 2022;1(56):122-142. doi:10.17498/kdeniz.1186376
Chicago
Ayaz, Orhan, Bahattin Çelik, ve Fatma Çakmak. 2022. “‘STATUS SOCIETY’: SOCIOLOGICAL THINKING OF GÖBEKLI TEPE AND KARAHAN TEPE IN THE CONTEXT OF SOCIAL STRATIFICATION”. Karadeniz Uluslararası Bilimsel Dergi 1 (56): 122-42. https://doi.org/10.17498/kdeniz.1186376.
EndNote
Ayaz O, Çelik B, Çakmak F (01 Aralık 2022) “STATUS SOCIETY”: SOCIOLOGICAL THINKING OF GÖBEKLI TEPE AND KARAHAN TEPE IN THE CONTEXT OF SOCIAL STRATIFICATION. Karadeniz Uluslararası Bilimsel Dergi 1 56 122–142.
IEEE
[1]O. Ayaz, B. Çelik, ve F. Çakmak, “‘STATUS SOCIETY’: SOCIOLOGICAL THINKING OF GÖBEKLI TEPE AND KARAHAN TEPE IN THE CONTEXT OF SOCIAL STRATIFICATION”, Karadeniz | Black Sea | чёрное море, c. 1, sy 56, ss. 122–142, Ara. 2022, doi: 10.17498/kdeniz.1186376.
ISNAD
Ayaz, Orhan - Çelik, Bahattin - Çakmak, Fatma. “‘STATUS SOCIETY’: SOCIOLOGICAL THINKING OF GÖBEKLI TEPE AND KARAHAN TEPE IN THE CONTEXT OF SOCIAL STRATIFICATION”. Karadeniz Uluslararası Bilimsel Dergi 1/56 (01 Aralık 2022): 122-142. https://doi.org/10.17498/kdeniz.1186376.
JAMA
1.Ayaz O, Çelik B, Çakmak F. “STATUS SOCIETY”: SOCIOLOGICAL THINKING OF GÖBEKLI TEPE AND KARAHAN TEPE IN THE CONTEXT OF SOCIAL STRATIFICATION. Karadeniz | Black Sea | чёрное море. 2022;1:122–142.
MLA
Ayaz, Orhan, vd. “‘STATUS SOCIETY’: SOCIOLOGICAL THINKING OF GÖBEKLI TEPE AND KARAHAN TEPE IN THE CONTEXT OF SOCIAL STRATIFICATION”. Karadeniz Uluslararası Bilimsel Dergi, c. 1, sy 56, Aralık 2022, ss. 122-4, doi:10.17498/kdeniz.1186376.
Vancouver
1.Orhan Ayaz, Bahattin Çelik, Fatma Çakmak. “STATUS SOCIETY”: SOCIOLOGICAL THINKING OF GÖBEKLI TEPE AND KARAHAN TEPE IN THE CONTEXT OF SOCIAL STRATIFICATION. Karadeniz | Black Sea | чёрное море. 01 Aralık 2022;1(56):122-4. doi:10.17498/kdeniz.1186376

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