EDESSA’DA PAGANİZM VE HIRİSTİYANLIK

Yusuf Albayrak

doi:10.17498/kdeniz.279681

Araştırma Makalesi

PAGANISM AND CHRISTIANITY IN EDESSA

Yıl 2016, Sayı: 32, 316 - 324, 17.12.2016

Yusuf Albayrak

https://doi.org/10.17498/kdeniz.279681

Öz

Edessa, is a perfect example in terms of showing religious and cultural assimilation due to its geographical location in Northern Mesopotamia. The pagan belief system based on stars and planet cults was seen in Pre-Christian Edessa. Paganism has continued for centuries in Edessa even tough Christianity appeared and spread quickly. Paganism completely disappeared in 5. Centrury AD and Edessa became a Christianty city.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Edessa, Paganism, Sin Cult, Christianity

Kaynakça

AGGOULA B., “Remarques sur les inscriptions de Hatra”, Berytus, XVIII, 1969, ss.85-104
BAUER W., Rechtläubigkeit und Ketzerei im ältesten Christentum, BHth 10, Tübingen, 1934
BERNARD L. W., “The Origins and Emergence of the Church in Edessa During the First Two Centruies A. D.”, Vigiliae Christianae, Vol. 22, 3, 1968, ss. 161-175
CUMONT F., Les religions orientales dans le paganisme Romain, Paris, 1929
ÇELİK M., Süryani Tarihi (1), Ayraç Yayınları, Ankara, 1996
DAVİS E., King Nabonidus and the Missing Link City. The Science News-Letter, Vol. 19, No. 511 (Jan. 24, 1931), ss. 54-58
DHORME, E., Les Religions de Babylonie et d’Assyrie, Paris, 1945
DIRVEN, L. he Palmyrenes of Dura-Europos, Koninglijke Brill NV, Leiden-Boston-Köln, 1999
DRIJVERS, H. J. W., Old Syriac (Edessean) İnscriptions, E. J. Brill, Leiden, 1972
DRIJVERS H. J. W., Some New Syriac Inscriptions and Archaeological Finds from Edessa and Sumatar Harabesi, Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, Vol. 36, No. 1, 1973, ss. 1-14
DRIJVERS, H. J. W. Die Götter Edessas. Studien zur Religion und Kultur Klein-Asiens, Festschrift F. K. Dörner, Leiden 1978, I, 264-283.
DRIJVERS s, H.J. W., Cult and Beliefs at Edessa, E. J. Brill, Leiden, 1980
DRIJVERS, H.J. W., “Jews and Christians at Edessa”, Journal of Jewish Studies, Vol: 36, 1985, ss. 88-102
DRIJVERS H. J. W.-HEALEY F., The Old Syriac of Edessa and Oshroene: Text, Translations and Commentary, Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, 1999
DUSSAUD R., Les Arabes en Syrie avant l’Islam, Paris, 1907
DUVAL R., Histoire D’édesse, Politique, Religieuse et Littéraire, Amsterdam, 1975
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA. Volume VII, Chicago, 1969, ss. 967
GADD J., The Harran İnscriptons of Nabonidus, Anatolian Studies, Vol. 8 (1958), ss. 35-92
GAWLIKOWSKI M., Le Temple Paylmrenien, Warszawa, 1973
GRANDE ENCYCLOPÉDIE. Volume 15, Paris, 1970, ss. 552
GREEN T. M., The City of the Moon God. Religious Traditions of Harran. (Religions in the Graeco-Roman World, Vol. 14) Leiden, New York, Köln: E. J. Brill 1992
GÜNDÜZ Ş., “Arkeolojik Bulgular Işığında 2. Yüzyıl Sumatar Mar alahe Kültü”, Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, Sayı: 6, 1992, ss. 149-159
GÜNDÜZ Ş., Anadolu’da Paganizm, Antik Dönemde Harran ve Urfa, Ankara Okulu Yayınları, Ankara, 2005
GÜNEL A., Türk Süryani Tarihi, Oya Matbaası, Diyarbakır, 1970
HARRAK A., “The Ancient Name of Edessa”, Journal of Near Eastern Studies, Vol. 51, No. 3, University of Chicago Press, (Jul., 1992), ss. 209-214
HAYES, E. R., Urfa Akademisi, çev. Yaşar Günenç, Yaba Yayınları, İstanbul, 2005
HEAD B. V., Historia Numorum, A Manuel Greek Numismatics, Oxford, 1911
HEALEY J. F., “A New Syriac Mosaic İnscripion” Journal of Semitic Studies, Vol. 51/2, 2006
IBN AL-NADİM, Kitab al-Fihrist,ed. Gustave Flugel, Leipzig, 1871
KEY A. F., Traces of the Worship of the Moon God Sin Among the Early İsraelites. Journal of Biblical Literature, Vol. 84, No. 1 (Mar., 1965), ss. 20-26
LEIPOLDT J., Frühes Christentum im Orient, HdO 8, 2, Leiden, 1961
LINFORTH I. M., Two Notes on the Legend of Orpheus, American Philogogical Association, 1931, ss. 5-17
LLOYD S.-BRICE W., Harran, Anatolian Studies, Journal of the Bristish of Archaeology.
NOVOTNY J. R., Ehulhul, Egipar, Emelamana, and Sin’s Akitu-house: A study of Assyrian building activities at Harran, Toronto, 2003
NÖLDEKE T., Kurzgefasste Syrische Grammatik, Leipzig, 1898
OPENHEIM A. L., Ancient Mesopotamia, Chicago, 1964
ÖZFIRAT A., Eskiçağda Harran, Arkeoloji ve Sanat Yayınları, İstanbul, 1994
POGNON H., Inscriptions sémitiques de la Syrie, de la Mésopotamieet de la région de Mossoul, Paris, 1907
PRAG K., “The 1959 Deep Sounding at Harran in Turkey”, Levant 2, 1971, ss. 63-94
PRICE I. M., The Cult of the Moon-God, Sin. The American Journal of Semitic Languages
and Literatures, Vol. 26, No. 4 (Jul., 1910), ss. 309-311
RASTGELDİ S., Edessa, Stockholm, 1971
PAULYS REAL-ENCYCLOPÄDİE der Classischen Altertumswissenschaft, Stutgard, 1983
ROSS, S. K., Roman Edessa. Politics and Culture on the Eastern Fringers of the Roman
Empire, 114-242 CE. London/New York: Routledge 2001
SEGAL J. B., “Two Syriac İnscriptions from Harran”, Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, Vol. 20, 1957, ss. 513-52
SEGAL J. B., Edessa, Blessed City, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1970.
SEGAL J. B., Edessa (Urfa) Kutsal Şehir, çev. Ahmet Arslan, İletişim Yayınları, İstanbul, 2002.
SİMİTH W. S., Archaeological News. The Near East, 1950-1951. American Journal of Archaeology, Vol. 56, No. 1 (Jan., 1952), s.. 39-65
SOURDEL D., Les cultes du Hauran a l’époque romaine, Paris, 1952
TÜLEK F., Efsuncu Orpheus, Arkeoloji ve Sanat Yayınları, İstanbul, 1998
van BUREN E. D., Symbols of the Gods in Mesopotamian art, (Analecta Orientalia, 23, Roma, 1945
VÖÖBUS A. , A History of Asceticism in the Syrian Orient I, Corpus Scriptorum Chhristianorum Orientalium 14, Louvain 1958
WHEELER, M., Roma Sanatı ve Mimarlığı, çev. Zeynep Koçel Erdem, Homer Kitabevi Yayınları, İstanbul, 2004
YAŞAR Ş., “Edessa Mezar Kitabe ve Mozaiklerine Göre Urfa Paganlarında Ahiret İnancı”, Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, Cilt: 1, sayı:1, 2003, s. 111-121

ЯЗЫЧЕСТВО И ХРИСТИАНСТВО В ЕДЕССЕ

Yıl 2016, Sayı: 32, 316 - 324, 17.12.2016

Yusuf Albayrak

https://doi.org/10.17498/kdeniz.279681

Öz

Основной темой исследования является Едесса - как один из уникальных образцов культурного и религиозного центра Северной Месопотамии. До христианства в Едессе было распространено язычество, идолами преклонения были космос и звезды. Христианство динамично внедрялось, но вместе с этим в Едессе на протяжении столетий также сосуществовала язычество. В V веке для нашей эры в Едессе место язычества полностью занимает христианство.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Едесса, язычество, культ захоронения, христианство

Kaynakça

AGGOULA B., “Remarques sur les inscriptions de Hatra”, Berytus, XVIII, 1969, ss.85-104
BAUER W., Rechtläubigkeit und Ketzerei im ältesten Christentum, BHth 10, Tübingen, 1934
BERNARD L. W., “The Origins and Emergence of the Church in Edessa During the First Two Centruies A. D.”, Vigiliae Christianae, Vol. 22, 3, 1968, ss. 161-175
CUMONT F., Les religions orientales dans le paganisme Romain, Paris, 1929
ÇELİK M., Süryani Tarihi (1), Ayraç Yayınları, Ankara, 1996
DAVİS E., King Nabonidus and the Missing Link City. The Science News-Letter, Vol. 19, No. 511 (Jan. 24, 1931), ss. 54-58
DHORME, E., Les Religions de Babylonie et d’Assyrie, Paris, 1945
DIRVEN, L. he Palmyrenes of Dura-Europos, Koninglijke Brill NV, Leiden-Boston-Köln, 1999
DRIJVERS, H. J. W., Old Syriac (Edessean) İnscriptions, E. J. Brill, Leiden, 1972
DRIJVERS H. J. W., Some New Syriac Inscriptions and Archaeological Finds from Edessa and Sumatar Harabesi, Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, Vol. 36, No. 1, 1973, ss. 1-14
DRIJVERS, H. J. W. Die Götter Edessas. Studien zur Religion und Kultur Klein-Asiens, Festschrift F. K. Dörner, Leiden 1978, I, 264-283.
DRIJVERS s, H.J. W., Cult and Beliefs at Edessa, E. J. Brill, Leiden, 1980
DRIJVERS, H.J. W., “Jews and Christians at Edessa”, Journal of Jewish Studies, Vol: 36, 1985, ss. 88-102
DRIJVERS H. J. W.-HEALEY F., The Old Syriac of Edessa and Oshroene: Text, Translations and Commentary, Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, 1999
DUSSAUD R., Les Arabes en Syrie avant l’Islam, Paris, 1907
DUVAL R., Histoire D’édesse, Politique, Religieuse et Littéraire, Amsterdam, 1975
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA. Volume VII, Chicago, 1969, ss. 967
GADD J., The Harran İnscriptons of Nabonidus, Anatolian Studies, Vol. 8 (1958), ss. 35-92
GAWLIKOWSKI M., Le Temple Paylmrenien, Warszawa, 1973
GRANDE ENCYCLOPÉDIE. Volume 15, Paris, 1970, ss. 552
GREEN T. M., The City of the Moon God. Religious Traditions of Harran. (Religions in the Graeco-Roman World, Vol. 14) Leiden, New York, Köln: E. J. Brill 1992
GÜNDÜZ Ş., “Arkeolojik Bulgular Işığında 2. Yüzyıl Sumatar Mar alahe Kültü”, Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, Sayı: 6, 1992, ss. 149-159
GÜNDÜZ Ş., Anadolu’da Paganizm, Antik Dönemde Harran ve Urfa, Ankara Okulu Yayınları, Ankara, 2005
GÜNEL A., Türk Süryani Tarihi, Oya Matbaası, Diyarbakır, 1970
HARRAK A., “The Ancient Name of Edessa”, Journal of Near Eastern Studies, Vol. 51, No. 3, University of Chicago Press, (Jul., 1992), ss. 209-214
HAYES, E. R., Urfa Akademisi, çev. Yaşar Günenç, Yaba Yayınları, İstanbul, 2005
HEAD B. V., Historia Numorum, A Manuel Greek Numismatics, Oxford, 1911
HEALEY J. F., “A New Syriac Mosaic İnscripion” Journal of Semitic Studies, Vol. 51/2, 2006
IBN AL-NADİM, Kitab al-Fihrist,ed. Gustave Flugel, Leipzig, 1871
KEY A. F., Traces of the Worship of the Moon God Sin Among the Early İsraelites. Journal of Biblical Literature, Vol. 84, No. 1 (Mar., 1965), ss. 20-26
LEIPOLDT J., Frühes Christentum im Orient, HdO 8, 2, Leiden, 1961
LINFORTH I. M., Two Notes on the Legend of Orpheus, American Philogogical Association, 1931, ss. 5-17
LLOYD S.-BRICE W., Harran, Anatolian Studies, Journal of the Bristish of Archaeology.
NOVOTNY J. R., Ehulhul, Egipar, Emelamana, and Sin’s Akitu-house: A study of Assyrian building activities at Harran, Toronto, 2003
NÖLDEKE T., Kurzgefasste Syrische Grammatik, Leipzig, 1898
OPENHEIM A. L., Ancient Mesopotamia, Chicago, 1964
ÖZFIRAT A., Eskiçağda Harran, Arkeoloji ve Sanat Yayınları, İstanbul, 1994
POGNON H., Inscriptions sémitiques de la Syrie, de la Mésopotamieet de la région de Mossoul, Paris, 1907
PRAG K., “The 1959 Deep Sounding at Harran in Turkey”, Levant 2, 1971, ss. 63-94
PRICE I. M., The Cult of the Moon-God, Sin. The American Journal of Semitic Languages
and Literatures, Vol. 26, No. 4 (Jul., 1910), ss. 309-311
RASTGELDİ S., Edessa, Stockholm, 1971
PAULYS REAL-ENCYCLOPÄDİE der Classischen Altertumswissenschaft, Stutgard, 1983
ROSS, S. K., Roman Edessa. Politics and Culture on the Eastern Fringers of the Roman
Empire, 114-242 CE. London/New York: Routledge 2001
SEGAL J. B., “Two Syriac İnscriptions from Harran”, Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, Vol. 20, 1957, ss. 513-52
SEGAL J. B., Edessa, Blessed City, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1970.
SEGAL J. B., Edessa (Urfa) Kutsal Şehir, çev. Ahmet Arslan, İletişim Yayınları, İstanbul, 2002.
SİMİTH W. S., Archaeological News. The Near East, 1950-1951. American Journal of Archaeology, Vol. 56, No. 1 (Jan., 1952), s.. 39-65
SOURDEL D., Les cultes du Hauran a l’époque romaine, Paris, 1952
TÜLEK F., Efsuncu Orpheus, Arkeoloji ve Sanat Yayınları, İstanbul, 1998
van BUREN E. D., Symbols of the Gods in Mesopotamian art, (Analecta Orientalia, 23, Roma, 1945
VÖÖBUS A. , A History of Asceticism in the Syrian Orient I, Corpus Scriptorum Chhristianorum Orientalium 14, Louvain 1958
WHEELER, M., Roma Sanatı ve Mimarlığı, çev. Zeynep Koçel Erdem, Homer Kitabevi Yayınları, İstanbul, 2004
YAŞAR Ş., “Edessa Mezar Kitabe ve Mozaiklerine Göre Urfa Paganlarında Ahiret İnancı”, Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, Cilt: 1, sayı:1, 2003, s. 111-121