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THE RISE OF REALISM THEORY AND ITS DEVELOPMENT STAGES

Yıl 2020, Sayı: 47, 256 - 276, 20.09.2020
https://doi.org/10.17498/kdeniz.759320

Öz

Realism is one of the oldest paradigms in the field of International Relations and International Economic Politics. It has a very significant role in the practical field of economic politics. The analysis of international politics with no regard to realism is almost impossible. The main principles realist writers have in common from international ecomomic politics are national interests, the central role of the state in directing economic activities, and the importance of creating a feasible commercial balance for improvement and increase of welfare. Realism begins with states as the primary actors in international system. The anarchy hypothesis of realism is in the center of theory of inter-state cooperation. Anarchy is the order principle of international system. Anarchy is not chaos; it foresees competition and clash among states and therefore underlines the need to create cooperation. International institutions may help to facilitate such a cooperation between states. Realism is a significant theory having dominated international relations since World War II. It rests upon strong views as regards power politics and maintenance of national interests. Realism and neo-realism conceptualize structural power as the total amount of capability a state has. State leaders may have moralistic tendencies, but they should not allow moral concerns to guide foreign policy. The emergence and development stages of realism theory as the main stream of international relations are discussed in this study. In this study, a qualitative research has been conducted and document analysis method, especially critical discourse analysis, has been applied. In conclusion, it can be alleged that realist ideas continue to inform foreign economic policy all over the world. In practice, realism inspires current protectionist policies and state-centered approaches towards economic development and growth worldwide.

Kaynakça

  • Ashworth, L. M. (2002). Did the realist-idealist great debate really happen? A revisionist history of international relations. International Relations, 16(1), 33-51. Ateş, D. 2011). Uluslararası ilişkiler disiplininin oluşumu: İdealizm/realizm tartışması ve disiplinin özerkliği. Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi, 10(1), 11-25. Ateş, D., & Samur Gökmen, G. (2013). Bir Akademik Disiplin Olarak Uluslararası Politik Ekonominin Sınırları. Afyon Kocatepe University Journal of Social Sciences, 15(1). Aydın, M. (1996). Uluslararası İlişkilerde Yaklaşım, Teori ve Analiz. Ankara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Dergisi, 51(1), 71-114. Aydın, M.(2004). “Uluslar arası İlişkilerin “Gerçekçi” Teorisi: Kökeni, Kapsamı, Kritiği”, Uluslararası İlişkiler, Cilt 1, Sayı 1 (Bahar 2004), s. 33-60. Behr, H., & Heath, A. (2009). Misreading in IR theory and ideology critique: Morgenthau, Waltz and neo-realism. Review of International Studies, 35(2), 327-349. Behr, H., & Molloy, S. (2013). Realism reconsidered: New contexts and critiques. Bell, D. (2017). Political realism and international relations. Philosophy Compass, 12(2), e12403. Booth, K. (Ed.). (2011). Realism and world politics. London: Routledge. Booth, K. (Ed.). (2011). Realism and world politics. London: Routledge. Bremmer, I. (2010). Article Commentary: The End of the Free Market: Who wins the war between States and Corporations?. European View, 9(2), 249-252. Carr, E. H. (1939). 2001. The Twenty Years’ Crisis 1919-1939: An Introduction to the Study of International Relations. Cawkwell, G. (2006). Thucydides and the Peloponnesian war. Routledge. Donnelly, J. (1995). Realism and the academic study of international relations. Political science in history: Research programs and political traditions, 175-97. Edwards, C. (2007). Death in ancient Rome. Yale University Press. Ergüven, N. S. (2016). Uluslararası hukuk açısından güvenlik kavramının teorik temelleri. Ankara Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, 65(3), 771-836. Feng, L., & Ruizhuang, Z. (2006). The typologies of realism. The Chinese Journal of International Politics, 1(1), 109-134. Gagnon, J. E. (2013). Currency wars. The Milken Institute Review, 15(1), 47-55. Galston, W. A. (2010). Realism in political theory. European journal of political theory, 9(4), 385-411. Gilpin, R. (1971). The politics of transnational economic relations. International Organization, 25(3), 398-419. Gilpin, R., & Gilpin, J. M. (2001). Global political economy: Understanding the international economic order. Princeton University Press. Gold, D., & McGlinchey, S. (2017). International Relations Theory. International Relations, 46-56. Grieco, J. M. (1990). Cooperation among nations: Europe, America, and non-tariff barriers to trade. Cornell University Press. Heckscher, E. F. (2013). Mercantilism. London: Routledge. Hobson, J. M. (2000). The state and international relations. Cambridge University Press. İlgen, F.(2019) Realist Bir Bakış: Vestfalya Barışı Ve Etkileri. Icoess 2019, 247. Kindleberger, C. P. (2003). Comparative political economy: a retrospective. mit Press. Kirshner, J. (2009). Realist political economy: traditional themes and contemporary challenges. In Routledge Handbook of International Political Economy (IPE) (pp. 46-57). Routledge. Kirshner, J. (2009). Realist political economy: traditional themes and contemporary challenges. In Routledge Handbook of International Political Economy (IPE) (pp. 46-57). Routledge. Kissane, D. (2010). Moving Beyond Anarchy: A Complex Alternative to a Realist Assumption. Available at SSRN 1690242. Korab-Karpowicz, W. Julian, 2010. “How International Relations Theorists Can Benefit by Reading Thucydides,” The Monist, 89(2): 231–43. Küçüksolak, Ö. K. (2012). Güvenlik Kavramının Realizm, Neo-realizm Ve Kopenhag Okulu Çerçevesinde Tartışılması. Turan Stratejik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 4(14), 202-208. Lım, T. (2014). International Political Economy: An introduction to approaches, regimes and issues. Washington: Saylor Foundation. Lobell, S. E. (2010). Structural realism/offensive and defensive realism. In Oxford Research Encyclopedia of International Studies. Mearsheimer, J. J. (2007). Structural realism. International relations theories: Discipline and diversity, 83. Mearsheimer, J. J. (2014). Can China rise peacefully?. The National Interest, 25(1), 1-40. Mearsheimer, John. 2010. “Structural Realism”. International Relations Theories: Discipline and Diversity 2nd Edition, edited by Tim Dunne, Milja Kurki and Steve Smith, 77–94. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Mearsheimer, John. 2011. “Imperial by Design”. Foreign Affairs 70(111): 16–34 Nayef, RF. (2007). Symbiotic realism. LIT Verlag Münster. Ngan, T. T. T. (2016). Neo-realism and the Balance of Power in Southeast Asia. Paper dipresentasikan untuk lokakarya The Central and East European International Studies Association–Internastional Studies Association (CEEISA-ISA). Pirinççi, F.(2013): Uluslararası İlişkiler Kuramları-2, Eskişehir: Anadolu Üniversitesi Açık Öğretim Fakültesi Yayınları. Politics & Society 15(1): 2–6 Rauch, C. (2016). Realism and Power Transition Theory: Different Branches of the Power Tree. Realism in Practice, 55. Rösch, F., & Lebow, R. N. (2018). Realism: Tragedy, Power and the Refugee Crisis. Realism: Human Rights Foe?., 6. Schweller, R. L. (2016). The balance of power in world politics. In Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Politics. Şöhret, M. (2012). Realizm Çerçevesinde Avrupa Birliğinin Bütünleşmesi. İnsan Ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1(4), 288-330. Tang, S. (2010). Social evolution of international politics: From Mearsheimer to Jervis. European Journal of International Relations, 16(1), 31-55. Viotti, P., & Kauppi, M. (1987). International Relations Theory. New York. Walt, S. M. (1997). The progressive power of realism. American Political Science Review, 91(4), 931-935. Waltz, K. N. (2008). Realism and international politics. Routledge. Waltz, Kenneth. 2004. “Neorealism: Confusions and Criticisms”. Journal of Wendt, A. (1992). Anarchy is what states make of it: the social construction of power politics. International organization, 46(2), 391-425. Wohlforth, W. C. (2011). No one loves a realist explanation. International Politics, 48(4-5), 441-459. Wohlforth, William C., 2010. “Realism,” Oxford International Relations Handbook, Christian Reus-Smit and Duncan Snidal (ed.), Oxford: Oxford University Press. Wood, M. (1998). In search of the Trojan War. Univ of California Press.

REALİZM TEORİSİNİN ORTAYA ÇIKIŞI VE GELİŞME EVRELERİ

Yıl 2020, Sayı: 47, 256 - 276, 20.09.2020
https://doi.org/10.17498/kdeniz.759320

Öz

Realizm, Uluslararası İlişkiler (Uİ) ve Uluslararası Politik Ekonomi (UPE) alanındaki en eski paradigmalardan biridir. Realizm, politik ekonomi alanı pratiğinde özel bir rol oynamaktadır. Uluslararası politikanın incelenmesi, realizme dayanmadan önemli bir anlamda açıklanamaz. Uluslararası politik ekonomi açısından realist yazarların birleştiği ilkeler; ulusal çıkarlar, ekonomik faaliyetlerin yönlendirilmesinde devletin merkezi rolü, büyüme ve refahı arttırmak için elverişli bir ticaret dengesi oluşturmanın önemi ile ilgilidir. Realizm, uluslararası sistemde birincil aktörler olarak devletlerle başlar. Realizmin anarşi varsayımı, devletler arasındaki işbirliği kuramlarının merkezinde yer almaktadır. Anarşi, uluslararası sistemin düzen ilkesidir. Anarşi kaos değildir; anarşi, devletler arasındaki rekabeti ve çatışmayı öngörebilmekte ve işbirliği yapma konusunda dikkatli olunması gerektiğine vurgu yapmaktadır. Uluslararası kurumlar devletlerarasında bu tür bir işbirliğinin sağlanmasına yardımcı olabilir. Realizm, II. Dünya Savaşı'ndan beri uluslararası ilişkiler teorisine egemen olmuş önemli bir teoridir. Realizm, güç politikaları ve ulusal çıkarları savunma konusunda belirgin görüşlere dayanmaktadır. Realizme göre, devletin üstünde hiçbir şey yoktur. Realizm ve neo-realizm, yapısal gücü bir devletin sahip olduğu toplam yetenek miktarı olarak kavramsallaştırmaktadır. Devlet liderleri ahlaklı olabilir, ancak ahlaki kaygıların dış politikaya yön vermesine izin vermemelidir. Araştırma da uluslararası İlişkilerin ana akımı olarak realizm teorisinin ortaya çıkışı ve gelişme evreleri ele alınmıştır. Çalışma olarak nitel bir araştırma yapılmış ve belge analizi yöntemi, özellikle kritik söylem analizi uygulanmıştır. Sonuç olarak Realist fikirler tüm dünyada dış ekonomi politikasını bilgilendirmeye devam etmektedir. Pratik bakımdan realizm, dünya çapında ekonomik kalkınma ve büyümeye yönelik mevcut korumacı politikalara ve devlet merkezli yaklaşımlara ilham vermektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Ashworth, L. M. (2002). Did the realist-idealist great debate really happen? A revisionist history of international relations. International Relations, 16(1), 33-51. Ateş, D. 2011). Uluslararası ilişkiler disiplininin oluşumu: İdealizm/realizm tartışması ve disiplinin özerkliği. Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi, 10(1), 11-25. Ateş, D., & Samur Gökmen, G. (2013). Bir Akademik Disiplin Olarak Uluslararası Politik Ekonominin Sınırları. Afyon Kocatepe University Journal of Social Sciences, 15(1). Aydın, M. (1996). Uluslararası İlişkilerde Yaklaşım, Teori ve Analiz. Ankara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Dergisi, 51(1), 71-114. Aydın, M.(2004). “Uluslar arası İlişkilerin “Gerçekçi” Teorisi: Kökeni, Kapsamı, Kritiği”, Uluslararası İlişkiler, Cilt 1, Sayı 1 (Bahar 2004), s. 33-60. Behr, H., & Heath, A. (2009). Misreading in IR theory and ideology critique: Morgenthau, Waltz and neo-realism. Review of International Studies, 35(2), 327-349. Behr, H., & Molloy, S. (2013). Realism reconsidered: New contexts and critiques. Bell, D. (2017). Political realism and international relations. Philosophy Compass, 12(2), e12403. Booth, K. (Ed.). (2011). Realism and world politics. London: Routledge. Booth, K. (Ed.). (2011). Realism and world politics. London: Routledge. Bremmer, I. (2010). Article Commentary: The End of the Free Market: Who wins the war between States and Corporations?. European View, 9(2), 249-252. Carr, E. H. (1939). 2001. The Twenty Years’ Crisis 1919-1939: An Introduction to the Study of International Relations. Cawkwell, G. (2006). Thucydides and the Peloponnesian war. Routledge. Donnelly, J. (1995). Realism and the academic study of international relations. Political science in history: Research programs and political traditions, 175-97. Edwards, C. (2007). Death in ancient Rome. Yale University Press. Ergüven, N. S. (2016). Uluslararası hukuk açısından güvenlik kavramının teorik temelleri. Ankara Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, 65(3), 771-836. Feng, L., & Ruizhuang, Z. (2006). The typologies of realism. The Chinese Journal of International Politics, 1(1), 109-134. Gagnon, J. E. (2013). Currency wars. The Milken Institute Review, 15(1), 47-55. Galston, W. A. (2010). Realism in political theory. European journal of political theory, 9(4), 385-411. Gilpin, R. (1971). The politics of transnational economic relations. International Organization, 25(3), 398-419. Gilpin, R., & Gilpin, J. M. (2001). Global political economy: Understanding the international economic order. Princeton University Press. Gold, D., & McGlinchey, S. (2017). International Relations Theory. International Relations, 46-56. Grieco, J. M. (1990). Cooperation among nations: Europe, America, and non-tariff barriers to trade. Cornell University Press. Heckscher, E. F. (2013). Mercantilism. London: Routledge. Hobson, J. M. (2000). The state and international relations. Cambridge University Press. İlgen, F.(2019) Realist Bir Bakış: Vestfalya Barışı Ve Etkileri. Icoess 2019, 247. Kindleberger, C. P. (2003). Comparative political economy: a retrospective. mit Press. Kirshner, J. (2009). Realist political economy: traditional themes and contemporary challenges. In Routledge Handbook of International Political Economy (IPE) (pp. 46-57). Routledge. Kirshner, J. (2009). Realist political economy: traditional themes and contemporary challenges. In Routledge Handbook of International Political Economy (IPE) (pp. 46-57). Routledge. Kissane, D. (2010). Moving Beyond Anarchy: A Complex Alternative to a Realist Assumption. Available at SSRN 1690242. Korab-Karpowicz, W. Julian, 2010. “How International Relations Theorists Can Benefit by Reading Thucydides,” The Monist, 89(2): 231–43. Küçüksolak, Ö. K. (2012). Güvenlik Kavramının Realizm, Neo-realizm Ve Kopenhag Okulu Çerçevesinde Tartışılması. Turan Stratejik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 4(14), 202-208. Lım, T. (2014). International Political Economy: An introduction to approaches, regimes and issues. Washington: Saylor Foundation. Lobell, S. E. (2010). Structural realism/offensive and defensive realism. In Oxford Research Encyclopedia of International Studies. Mearsheimer, J. J. (2007). Structural realism. International relations theories: Discipline and diversity, 83. Mearsheimer, J. J. (2014). Can China rise peacefully?. The National Interest, 25(1), 1-40. Mearsheimer, John. 2010. “Structural Realism”. International Relations Theories: Discipline and Diversity 2nd Edition, edited by Tim Dunne, Milja Kurki and Steve Smith, 77–94. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Mearsheimer, John. 2011. “Imperial by Design”. Foreign Affairs 70(111): 16–34 Nayef, RF. (2007). Symbiotic realism. LIT Verlag Münster. Ngan, T. T. T. (2016). Neo-realism and the Balance of Power in Southeast Asia. Paper dipresentasikan untuk lokakarya The Central and East European International Studies Association–Internastional Studies Association (CEEISA-ISA). Pirinççi, F.(2013): Uluslararası İlişkiler Kuramları-2, Eskişehir: Anadolu Üniversitesi Açık Öğretim Fakültesi Yayınları. Politics & Society 15(1): 2–6 Rauch, C. (2016). Realism and Power Transition Theory: Different Branches of the Power Tree. Realism in Practice, 55. Rösch, F., & Lebow, R. N. (2018). Realism: Tragedy, Power and the Refugee Crisis. Realism: Human Rights Foe?., 6. Schweller, R. L. (2016). The balance of power in world politics. In Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Politics. Şöhret, M. (2012). Realizm Çerçevesinde Avrupa Birliğinin Bütünleşmesi. İnsan Ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1(4), 288-330. Tang, S. (2010). Social evolution of international politics: From Mearsheimer to Jervis. European Journal of International Relations, 16(1), 31-55. Viotti, P., & Kauppi, M. (1987). International Relations Theory. New York. Walt, S. M. (1997). The progressive power of realism. American Political Science Review, 91(4), 931-935. Waltz, K. N. (2008). Realism and international politics. Routledge. Waltz, Kenneth. 2004. “Neorealism: Confusions and Criticisms”. Journal of Wendt, A. (1992). Anarchy is what states make of it: the social construction of power politics. International organization, 46(2), 391-425. Wohlforth, W. C. (2011). No one loves a realist explanation. International Politics, 48(4-5), 441-459. Wohlforth, William C., 2010. “Realism,” Oxford International Relations Handbook, Christian Reus-Smit and Duncan Snidal (ed.), Oxford: Oxford University Press. Wood, M. (1998). In search of the Trojan War. Univ of California Press.

ВОЗНИКНОВЕНИЕ ТЕОРИИ РЕАЛИЗМА И ЭТАПЫ ЕГО РАЗВИТИЯ

Yıl 2020, Sayı: 47, 256 - 276, 20.09.2020
https://doi.org/10.17498/kdeniz.759320

Öz

Реализм - одна из старейших парадигм в области международных отношений (Uİ) и международной политической экономии (UPE). Реализм играет особую роль в практике политической экономии. Изучение международной политики нельзя объяснить смысле без опоры на реализм. Принципы писателей-реалистов, с точки зрения международной политической экономии, связаны с национальным интересом, центральной ролю государства в руководстве экономической деятельностью и важности создания благоприятного торгового баланса для содействия росту и процветанию. Реализм начинается с понимятием принципов о государственности, как основного действующего лица в международной системе. Анархия - это принцип порядка международной системы. Анархия - это не хаос; анархия предсказывает конкуренцию и конфликт между государствами и подчеркивает необходимость осторожного отношения к сотрудничеству. Международные институты могут помочь в достижении такого типа сотрудничества между государствами. Реализм, это важная теория, которая доминировала в теории международных отношений со времен Второй мировой войны. Реализм основан на четких подходах, на силовую политику и защиту национальных интересов. Реализм и неореализм концептуализируют структурную власть, как совокупность возможностей государства. Государственные лидеры могут быть с моралью, но они не должны позволять моральным соображениям руководить внешней политикой. В исследовании рассматриваются этапы возникновения и развития теории реализма, как основного направления международных отношений. В исследования был применен метод анализа документов, особенно критический анализ дискурса. В результате надо отметить, что идеи реалистов продолжают влиять на внешнюю экономическую политику во всем мире. На практике реализм вдохновляет нынешнюю протекционистскую политику ориентированную на государственные подходы к экономическому развитию и росту эклнлмики во всем мире.

Kaynakça

  • Ashworth, L. M. (2002). Did the realist-idealist great debate really happen? A revisionist history of international relations. International Relations, 16(1), 33-51. Ateş, D. 2011). Uluslararası ilişkiler disiplininin oluşumu: İdealizm/realizm tartışması ve disiplinin özerkliği. Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi, 10(1), 11-25. Ateş, D., & Samur Gökmen, G. (2013). Bir Akademik Disiplin Olarak Uluslararası Politik Ekonominin Sınırları. Afyon Kocatepe University Journal of Social Sciences, 15(1). Aydın, M. (1996). Uluslararası İlişkilerde Yaklaşım, Teori ve Analiz. Ankara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Dergisi, 51(1), 71-114. Aydın, M.(2004). “Uluslar arası İlişkilerin “Gerçekçi” Teorisi: Kökeni, Kapsamı, Kritiği”, Uluslararası İlişkiler, Cilt 1, Sayı 1 (Bahar 2004), s. 33-60. Behr, H., & Heath, A. (2009). Misreading in IR theory and ideology critique: Morgenthau, Waltz and neo-realism. Review of International Studies, 35(2), 327-349. Behr, H., & Molloy, S. (2013). Realism reconsidered: New contexts and critiques. Bell, D. (2017). Political realism and international relations. Philosophy Compass, 12(2), e12403. Booth, K. (Ed.). (2011). Realism and world politics. London: Routledge. Booth, K. (Ed.). (2011). Realism and world politics. London: Routledge. Bremmer, I. (2010). Article Commentary: The End of the Free Market: Who wins the war between States and Corporations?. European View, 9(2), 249-252. Carr, E. H. (1939). 2001. The Twenty Years’ Crisis 1919-1939: An Introduction to the Study of International Relations. Cawkwell, G. (2006). Thucydides and the Peloponnesian war. Routledge. Donnelly, J. (1995). Realism and the academic study of international relations. Political science in history: Research programs and political traditions, 175-97. Edwards, C. (2007). Death in ancient Rome. Yale University Press. Ergüven, N. S. (2016). Uluslararası hukuk açısından güvenlik kavramının teorik temelleri. Ankara Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, 65(3), 771-836. Feng, L., & Ruizhuang, Z. (2006). The typologies of realism. The Chinese Journal of International Politics, 1(1), 109-134. Gagnon, J. E. (2013). Currency wars. The Milken Institute Review, 15(1), 47-55. Galston, W. A. (2010). Realism in political theory. European journal of political theory, 9(4), 385-411. Gilpin, R. (1971). The politics of transnational economic relations. International Organization, 25(3), 398-419. Gilpin, R., & Gilpin, J. M. (2001). Global political economy: Understanding the international economic order. Princeton University Press. Gold, D., & McGlinchey, S. (2017). International Relations Theory. International Relations, 46-56. Grieco, J. M. (1990). Cooperation among nations: Europe, America, and non-tariff barriers to trade. Cornell University Press. Heckscher, E. F. (2013). Mercantilism. London: Routledge. Hobson, J. M. (2000). The state and international relations. Cambridge University Press. İlgen, F.(2019) Realist Bir Bakış: Vestfalya Barışı Ve Etkileri. Icoess 2019, 247. Kindleberger, C. P. (2003). Comparative political economy: a retrospective. mit Press. Kirshner, J. (2009). Realist political economy: traditional themes and contemporary challenges. In Routledge Handbook of International Political Economy (IPE) (pp. 46-57). Routledge. Kirshner, J. (2009). Realist political economy: traditional themes and contemporary challenges. In Routledge Handbook of International Political Economy (IPE) (pp. 46-57). Routledge. Kissane, D. (2010). Moving Beyond Anarchy: A Complex Alternative to a Realist Assumption. Available at SSRN 1690242. Korab-Karpowicz, W. Julian, 2010. “How International Relations Theorists Can Benefit by Reading Thucydides,” The Monist, 89(2): 231–43. Küçüksolak, Ö. K. (2012). Güvenlik Kavramının Realizm, Neo-realizm Ve Kopenhag Okulu Çerçevesinde Tartışılması. Turan Stratejik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 4(14), 202-208. Lım, T. (2014). International Political Economy: An introduction to approaches, regimes and issues. Washington: Saylor Foundation. Lobell, S. E. (2010). Structural realism/offensive and defensive realism. In Oxford Research Encyclopedia of International Studies. Mearsheimer, J. J. (2007). Structural realism. International relations theories: Discipline and diversity, 83. Mearsheimer, J. J. (2014). Can China rise peacefully?. The National Interest, 25(1), 1-40. Mearsheimer, John. 2010. “Structural Realism”. International Relations Theories: Discipline and Diversity 2nd Edition, edited by Tim Dunne, Milja Kurki and Steve Smith, 77–94. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Mearsheimer, John. 2011. “Imperial by Design”. Foreign Affairs 70(111): 16–34 Nayef, RF. (2007). Symbiotic realism. LIT Verlag Münster. Ngan, T. T. T. (2016). Neo-realism and the Balance of Power in Southeast Asia. Paper dipresentasikan untuk lokakarya The Central and East European International Studies Association–Internastional Studies Association (CEEISA-ISA). Pirinççi, F.(2013): Uluslararası İlişkiler Kuramları-2, Eskişehir: Anadolu Üniversitesi Açık Öğretim Fakültesi Yayınları. Politics & Society 15(1): 2–6 Rauch, C. (2016). Realism and Power Transition Theory: Different Branches of the Power Tree. Realism in Practice, 55. Rösch, F., & Lebow, R. N. (2018). Realism: Tragedy, Power and the Refugee Crisis. Realism: Human Rights Foe?., 6. Schweller, R. L. (2016). The balance of power in world politics. In Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Politics. Şöhret, M. (2012). Realizm Çerçevesinde Avrupa Birliğinin Bütünleşmesi. İnsan Ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1(4), 288-330. Tang, S. (2010). Social evolution of international politics: From Mearsheimer to Jervis. European Journal of International Relations, 16(1), 31-55. Viotti, P., & Kauppi, M. (1987). International Relations Theory. New York. Walt, S. M. (1997). The progressive power of realism. American Political Science Review, 91(4), 931-935. Waltz, K. N. (2008). Realism and international politics. Routledge. Waltz, Kenneth. 2004. “Neorealism: Confusions and Criticisms”. Journal of Wendt, A. (1992). Anarchy is what states make of it: the social construction of power politics. International organization, 46(2), 391-425. Wohlforth, W. C. (2011). No one loves a realist explanation. International Politics, 48(4-5), 441-459. Wohlforth, William C., 2010. “Realism,” Oxford International Relations Handbook, Christian Reus-Smit and Duncan Snidal (ed.), Oxford: Oxford University Press. Wood, M. (1998). In search of the Trojan War. Univ of California Press.
Toplam 1 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Uluslararası İlişkiler
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Dursun Murat Düzgün 0000-0002-4402-3285

Yayımlanma Tarihi 20 Eylül 2020
Gönderilme Tarihi 28 Haziran 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Sayı: 47

Kaynak Göster

APA Düzgün, D. M. (2020). REALİZM TEORİSİNİN ORTAYA ÇIKIŞI VE GELİŞME EVRELERİ. Karadeniz Uluslararası Bilimsel Dergi, 1(47), 256-276. https://doi.org/10.17498/kdeniz.759320