Özel Gereksinimli Öğrencilerde Okuma Yazma Becerileri ve Yaratıcı Drama

Öz

Okuma yazma becerileri çocukların erken okuryazarlık kazanımlarıyla başlayıp bir ömür şekillenip gelişen becerilerdir. Akademik becerilerin temelini oluşturan okuma yazma becerileri, çocukların hayatlarının her döneminde karşılarına çıkarak günlük yaşantıda sosyal katılımlarını düzenleme, bilgi kazanma, paylaşma gibi pek çok konuda kolaylaştırıcı rol üstlenmektedir. Tüm çocuklar için büyük öneme sahip okuma yazma becerileri özellikle özel gereksinimli çocuklarda ayrı bir öneme sahip olup bu çocukların öğretimlerinin bireyselleştirilmiş öğretim programlarıyla gereksinim ve ilgilerine göre planlanıp destek hizmetlerle beraber uygulanması gerekmektedir. Öğrencilerin okuma yazma becerileri açısından fiziksel, zihinsel, duygusal sosyal gibi pek çok gelişim düzeyine bakılarak erken dönemlerden itibaren desteklenmesi ve öğrenmeye hazır olduğu zaman ona uygun öğretim yöntem/teknikler kullanılarak okuma yazma becerilerinin kazandırılması gerekmektedir. Yaratıcı drama yöntemi tüm çocuklarda olduğu gibi özel gereksinimli öğrencilerin de okuma yazma becerilerinin kazanımında kolaylaştırıcı etkileri olduğu görülmektedir. Sözcük kazanımı, tekrarların çok olması, akıcı okuma ve okuduğunu anlama becerileri ve daha birçok becerinin kazanımında kullanılabilmektedir. Ayrıca özel gereksinimli öğrencilerin sosyal etkileşimini destekleyen yaratıcı drama yöntemi bu çocukların sağlıklı, sosyal duygusal davranışları sayesinde okul başarılarının ve uyum özelliklerinin artmasını sağlamaktadır. Bu derlemede özel gereksinimli çocukların okuma yazma becerilerinde yaratıcı drama yönteminin etkileri incelenmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Özel Gereksinimli Çocuk
• Drama
• Okuma Yazma Becerileri

Literacy Skills in Students with Special Needs and Creative Drama

Öz

Literacy skills are the skills that start with the acquisition of early literacy and are shaped and developed throughout a lifetime. Literacy skills which constitute a base for academic skills appear in every period of children's lives and play a facilitating role in various aspects such as arranging social participation in social life, gaining knowledge, and sharing. Literacy skills that have great importance for all children have special importance especially for the children with special needs and it is necessary to plan the education of these children with individualized education programs according to their needs and interests and imply together with the support services. Students should be supported in terms of literacy skills by taking various development levels such as physical, intellectual, emotional social into account and should gain literacy skills with appropriate teaching methods/techniques when they are ready to learn. It is seen that the creative drama method has a facilitating effect in the acquisition of literacy skills of children with special needs as well as in all children. It can be used in the acquisition of vocabulary, high levels of repetition, fluent reading, reading comprehension, and many other skills. Besides, the creative drama method that supports social interaction of children with special needs enables these children to increase their school success and adaptation characteristics thanks to their healthy social-emotional behaviors. This review examines the effect of the creative drama method on the literacy skills of children with special needs.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Child with special needs
• Drama
• Literacy Skills

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