Araştırma Makalesi

Testing and Refining Wellness Scale Items Using Iterative Cognitive Interviews

Cilt: 27 Sayı: 2 1 Haziran 2026
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Testing and Refining Wellness Scale Items Using Iterative Cognitive Interviews

Öz

The necessity of measuring wellness as a multidimensional construct is grounded in solid conceptual foundations and requires the development of measurement tools that are practically comprehensible. However, it is critically essential for construct validity that the scale items are perceived by respondents as intended by the researchers. Moreover, testing item validity solely based on statistical analyses may bring limitations that could lead to measurement errors. This study aims to test and improve the comprehensibility of the wellness scale item pool through iterative cognitive interviews. Accordingly, to enhance item clarity and appropriateness, cognitive interviews were conducted with field and language experts (n=2). Subsequently, based on the iteratively revised item pool, cognitive interviews were carried out with purposively selected participants (n=8). To evaluate participants’ interpretations of the items, think-aloud and verbal probing techniques were used. The findings revealed several problem areas including the conceptual complexity of terms, item length, inconsistencies in response categories, and recall difficulties. To address the identified issues, after the initial phase, the language was simplified, lengthy items were restructured, and response options were adjusted to facilitate participants’ responses. The iterative refinement process led to notable improvements in participants’ understanding of the items and the accuracy of their responses. The findings indicate the importance of using an iterative item-pool approach in cognitive interviews when testing scale validity. Future research in different fields of scale development may consider applying an iterative approach in cognitive interviews to enhance measurement validity. Long-term experimental studies are needed better to understand the effectiveness of the applied iterative method.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kaynakça

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Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Ölçek Geliştirme

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yayımlanma Tarihi

1 Haziran 2026

Gönderilme Tarihi

13 Mayıs 2025

Kabul Tarihi

3 Kasım 2025

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2026 Cilt: 27 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA
Kuru, H., Bulut, A., Kılıç, K., & İbanoglu, E. (2026). Testing and Refining Wellness Scale Items Using Iterative Cognitive Interviews. Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Kırşehir Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 27(2), 417-439. https://doi.org/10.29299/kefad.1697627
AMA
1.Kuru H, Bulut A, Kılıç K, İbanoglu E. Testing and Refining Wellness Scale Items Using Iterative Cognitive Interviews. KEFAD. 2026;27(2):417-439. doi:10.29299/kefad.1697627
Chicago
Kuru, Hakan, Aykut Bulut, Koray Kılıç, ve Ece İbanoglu. 2026. “Testing and Refining Wellness Scale Items Using Iterative Cognitive Interviews”. Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Kırşehir Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi 27 (2): 417-39. https://doi.org/10.29299/kefad.1697627.
EndNote
Kuru H, Bulut A, Kılıç K, İbanoglu E (01 Haziran 2026) Testing and Refining Wellness Scale Items Using Iterative Cognitive Interviews. Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Kırşehir Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi 27 2 417–439.
IEEE
[1]H. Kuru, A. Bulut, K. Kılıç, ve E. İbanoglu, “Testing and Refining Wellness Scale Items Using Iterative Cognitive Interviews”, KEFAD, c. 27, sy 2, ss. 417–439, Haz. 2026, doi: 10.29299/kefad.1697627.
ISNAD
Kuru, Hakan - Bulut, Aykut - Kılıç, Koray - İbanoglu, Ece. “Testing and Refining Wellness Scale Items Using Iterative Cognitive Interviews”. Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Kırşehir Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi 27/2 (01 Haziran 2026): 417-439. https://doi.org/10.29299/kefad.1697627.
JAMA
1.Kuru H, Bulut A, Kılıç K, İbanoglu E. Testing and Refining Wellness Scale Items Using Iterative Cognitive Interviews. KEFAD. 2026;27:417–439.
MLA
Kuru, Hakan, vd. “Testing and Refining Wellness Scale Items Using Iterative Cognitive Interviews”. Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Kırşehir Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, c. 27, sy 2, Haziran 2026, ss. 417-39, doi:10.29299/kefad.1697627.
Vancouver
1.Hakan Kuru, Aykut Bulut, Koray Kılıç, Ece İbanoglu. Testing and Refining Wellness Scale Items Using Iterative Cognitive Interviews. KEFAD. 01 Haziran 2026;27(2):417-39. doi:10.29299/kefad.1697627

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