Araştırma Makalesi
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Empowering Preschoolers Against Abuse: Effectiveness of Safe Child Program Safety Dimension in Türkiye

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 34 Sayı: 1, 41 - 52, 31.01.2026

Emine Hande Aydos , Berrin Akman

https://doi.org/10.24106/kefdergi.1877931

Öz

Purpose: The purpose of this research is to investigate the effectiveness of the Safety Dimension of the Safe Child Program,
which was adapted to protect children from abuse and similar dangerous situations.
Method: In this research, 1x3x3 (single level; preschool, three groups; experiment, control and placebo groups, three
measurements; pre-test, post-test, follow-up test) is aimed to reveal the cause-and-effect relationship between variables by
using quasi-experimental research design, defined as research designs used to explore cause-effect relationships between
variables. Totally 57 children aged 54-69-month-old children who attend early childhood education centers were in the study
group. In the analysis of the data obtained, the Kruskal-Wallis H test was used. In cases where significant differences were
observed between groups as a result of this test, differences between groups were determined using the Post-Hoc Multiple
Comparison Test.
Findings: Post-Hoc Multiple Comparison Test shows that there is a significant difference in favor of the experimental group in
the post-test and follow-up test between the experimental-placebo and experimental-control groups at the preschool level.
Statistical analysis results show that there is no significant difference between the post-test and follow-up test scores of the
children in the experimental group eight weeks after SKSA-T, thus indicating that the effect of the program continues (z= -3.83,
p> .001). Findings showed that Safe Child Program positively affects the knowledge and skills of children to protect themselves
and how to behave.
Highlights: Issues such as the child gaining age-appropriate sexual information, recognizing their body, learning that their body
is special as a whole, being able to distinguish between good and bad touch, being able to share unwanted touching with a
trusted adult, and not keeping secrets should be addressed within the framework of education. In addition, parents can be
part of the program and support children in learning self-defense skills at home.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Early Childhood Child Abuse Prevention Safe Child Child Rights

Kaynakça

  • Alpaslan, A. H. (2014). Çocukluk döneminde cinsel istismar [Childhood sexual abuse]. Kocatepe Tıp Dergisi, 15(2), 194-201. https://doi.org/10.18229/ktd.64802
  • Baker, S. B. (2011). The state of primary prevention in the American school counseling profession: Past, present, and future. Turkish Psychological Counseling and Guidance Journal, 4(36), 105–113. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/tpdrd/issue/21456/229623
  • Baker, C. K., Gleason, K., Naai, R., Mitchell, J., & Trecker, C. (2013). Increasing knowledge of sexual abuse: A study with elementary school children in Hawaii. Research on Social Work Practice, 23(2), 167-178. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049731512468796
  • Bektaş, M. (2015). Okul öncesi çocukların cinsel istismardan korunması ve sınıf temelli bir rehberlik programı önerisi [Protection of preschool children from sexual abuse and classroom-based a guidance program proposal]. Okul Psikolojik Danışmanı E-Bülteni, 5, 20-27.
  • Bellis, M. A., Hughes, K., Ford, K., Rodriguez, G. R., Sethi, D., & Passmore, J. (2019). Life course health consequences and associated annual costs of adverse childhood experiences across Europe and North America: A systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet Public Health, 4(10), e517-e528. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-2667(19)30145-8
  • Benton, D., & Avent, E. S. (2020). The role of early-life trauma in social isolation. Generations, 44(3), 1-10.
  • Bilgiç, H. (2015). Denizli il merkezindeki aile sağlığı merkezlerinde görev yapan ebe ve hemşirelerin çocuk istismarı ve ihmali konusundaki deneyimleri, bilgi ve farkındalık düzeyleri [Experiences, Information and Awareness Levels of Midwives and Nurses Working at Family Health Centers in City Center of Denizli about Child Abuse and Neglect] [Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation]. Pamukkale University.
  • Bolen, R. M. (2003). Child sexual abuse: Prevention or promotion?. Social Work, 48(2), 174-185. https://doi.org/10.1093/sw/48.2.174
  • Bright, M. A., Huq, M. S., Patel, S., Miller, M. D., & Finkelhor, D. (2020). Child safety matters: Randomized control trial of a school-based child victimization prevention curriculum. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 37(1–2),538–556. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260520909185 Buckingham, E. T., & Daniolos, P. (2013). Longitudinal outcomes for victims of child abuse. Current Psychiatry Reports, 15, 1-7.
  • Burç, A., & Güdücü Tüfekçi, F. (2015). Hemşirelerin çocuk istismarı ve ihmalinin belirti ve risklerini tanılama düzeyleri [Occurance of diagnosis by nurses of symptoms and risks of child abuse and neglect]. Acıbadem Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(3), 144-151.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2014). Deneysel desenler [Experimental designs] (4th edition). Pegem Academy.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş., Çakmak-Kılıç, E., Akgün, Ö.E., Karadeniz, Ş., ve Demirel, F. (2016). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri [Scientific research methods] (20th edition). Pegem Academy.
  • Chen, Y., Fortson, B., & Tseng, K. (2012). Pilot evaluation of a sexual abuse prevention program for Taiwanese Children. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 21, 621–645. https://doi.org/10.1080/10538712.2012.726699
  • Chodan, W., Hasler, F., & Reis, O. (2014). Sexual abuse prevention programs for individuals with mental retardation. Prax Kinderpsychol Kinderpsychiatr, 63(2), 82-98. PMID: 24693804.
  • Cirit, C. (2015). Aile sağlığı merkezlerinde çalışan sağlık profesyonellerinin çocuk istismarı ve ihmaline yönelik farkındalıkları [The awareness of health professionals working in family health centers regarding child abuse and neglect]. [Unpublished Postgraduate Thesis]. Mersin University.
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  • Çeçen-Eroğul, A. R., & Kaf-Hasırcı, Ö. (2013). İlköğretim birinci kademe öğrencilerine yönelik geliştirilen cinsel istismarı önleme psiko-eğitim programının etkililiğinin sınanması [Developed school based programs and effectiveness to prevent on child sexual abuse]. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Bilimleri, 13(2), 719-729. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12809/7796
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Okul Öncesi Çocukları İstismara Karşı Güçlendirme: Türkiye'de Güvenli Çocuk Programı Güvenlik Boyutunun Etkinliği

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 34 Sayı: 1, 41 - 52, 31.01.2026

Emine Hande Aydos , Berrin Akman

https://doi.org/10.24106/kefdergi.1877931

Öz

Amaç: Bu araştırmanın amacı, çocukları istismardan ve benzeri tehlikeli durumlardan korumak için uyarlanan Güvenli Çocuk
Programının Güvenlik Boyutunun etkinliğini araştırmaktır.
Yöntem: Bu çalışmada, 1x3x3 (tek düzey; okul öncesi, üç grup; deney, kontrol ve plasebo grupları, üç ölçüm; ön test, son test,
izleme testi) yarı-deneysel araştırma tasarımı kullanılarak değişkenler arasındaki neden-sonuç ilişkisini ortaya çıkarmak
amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma grubunda, okul öncesi eğitim kurumlarına devam eden 54-69 aylık toplam 57 çocuk yer almıştır. Elde
edilen verilerin analizinde Kruskal-Wallis H testi kullanılmıştır.
Bulgular: Test sonucunda gruplar arasında anlamlı farklılıklar gözlemlenen durumlarda, gruplar arasındaki farklılıklar Post-Hoc
Çoklu Karşılaştırmalar Testi kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. Post-Hoc Çoklu Karşılaştırma Testi, okul öncesi düzeyinde deney grubu,
plasebo grubu ve kontrol grubu arasında post-test ve izleme testinde deney grubu lehine anlamlı bir fark olduğunu
göstermektedir. İstatistiksel analiz sonuçları, SKSA-T'den sekiz hafta sonra deney grubundaki çocukların post-test ve izleme testi
puanları arasında anlamlı bir fark olmadığını, bu da programın etkisinin devam ettiğini göstermektedir (z= -3,83, p> .001).
Araştırma sonuçları, Güvenli Çocuk Programı'nın çocukların kendilerini koruma ve tehlikeli durumlarda nasıl davranmaları
gerektiği konusunda bilgi ve becerilerini olumlu yönde etkilediğini göstermiştir.
Önemli Vurgular: Çocukların yaşlarına uygun cinsel eğitim almaları, vücutlarını tanımaları, vücutlarının bir bütün olarak özel
olduğunu öğrenmeleri, iyi ve kötü dokunmayı ayırt edebilmeleri, istenmeyen dokunuşları güvendikleri bir yetişkine
anlatabilmeleri ve sır saklamamaları gibi konular eğitim çerçevesinde ele alınmalıdır. Ayrıca, ebeveynler de programa katılmalı
ve çocukların evde kendini savunma becerilerini öğrenmelerine destek olmalıdırlar

Anahtar Kelimeler

Erken Çocukluk Çocuk İstismarı Önleme Güvenli Çocuk Çocuk Hakları

Kaynakça

  • Alpaslan, A. H. (2014). Çocukluk döneminde cinsel istismar [Childhood sexual abuse]. Kocatepe Tıp Dergisi, 15(2), 194-201. https://doi.org/10.18229/ktd.64802
  • Baker, S. B. (2011). The state of primary prevention in the American school counseling profession: Past, present, and future. Turkish Psychological Counseling and Guidance Journal, 4(36), 105–113. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/tpdrd/issue/21456/229623
  • Baker, C. K., Gleason, K., Naai, R., Mitchell, J., & Trecker, C. (2013). Increasing knowledge of sexual abuse: A study with elementary school children in Hawaii. Research on Social Work Practice, 23(2), 167-178. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049731512468796
  • Bektaş, M. (2015). Okul öncesi çocukların cinsel istismardan korunması ve sınıf temelli bir rehberlik programı önerisi [Protection of preschool children from sexual abuse and classroom-based a guidance program proposal]. Okul Psikolojik Danışmanı E-Bülteni, 5, 20-27.
  • Bellis, M. A., Hughes, K., Ford, K., Rodriguez, G. R., Sethi, D., & Passmore, J. (2019). Life course health consequences and associated annual costs of adverse childhood experiences across Europe and North America: A systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet Public Health, 4(10), e517-e528. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-2667(19)30145-8
  • Benton, D., & Avent, E. S. (2020). The role of early-life trauma in social isolation. Generations, 44(3), 1-10.
  • Bilgiç, H. (2015). Denizli il merkezindeki aile sağlığı merkezlerinde görev yapan ebe ve hemşirelerin çocuk istismarı ve ihmali konusundaki deneyimleri, bilgi ve farkındalık düzeyleri [Experiences, Information and Awareness Levels of Midwives and Nurses Working at Family Health Centers in City Center of Denizli about Child Abuse and Neglect] [Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation]. Pamukkale University.
  • Bolen, R. M. (2003). Child sexual abuse: Prevention or promotion?. Social Work, 48(2), 174-185. https://doi.org/10.1093/sw/48.2.174
  • Bright, M. A., Huq, M. S., Patel, S., Miller, M. D., & Finkelhor, D. (2020). Child safety matters: Randomized control trial of a school-based child victimization prevention curriculum. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 37(1–2),538–556. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260520909185 Buckingham, E. T., & Daniolos, P. (2013). Longitudinal outcomes for victims of child abuse. Current Psychiatry Reports, 15, 1-7.
  • Burç, A., & Güdücü Tüfekçi, F. (2015). Hemşirelerin çocuk istismarı ve ihmalinin belirti ve risklerini tanılama düzeyleri [Occurance of diagnosis by nurses of symptoms and risks of child abuse and neglect]. Acıbadem Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(3), 144-151.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2014). Deneysel desenler [Experimental designs] (4th edition). Pegem Academy.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş., Çakmak-Kılıç, E., Akgün, Ö.E., Karadeniz, Ş., ve Demirel, F. (2016). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri [Scientific research methods] (20th edition). Pegem Academy.
  • Chen, Y., Fortson, B., & Tseng, K. (2012). Pilot evaluation of a sexual abuse prevention program for Taiwanese Children. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 21, 621–645. https://doi.org/10.1080/10538712.2012.726699
  • Chodan, W., Hasler, F., & Reis, O. (2014). Sexual abuse prevention programs for individuals with mental retardation. Prax Kinderpsychol Kinderpsychiatr, 63(2), 82-98. PMID: 24693804.
  • Cirit, C. (2015). Aile sağlığı merkezlerinde çalışan sağlık profesyonellerinin çocuk istismarı ve ihmaline yönelik farkındalıkları [The awareness of health professionals working in family health centers regarding child abuse and neglect]. [Unpublished Postgraduate Thesis]. Mersin University.
  • Conte, J., Rosen, C., Saperstein, L., & Shermack, R. (1985). An evaluation of a program to prevent the sexual victimization of young. Child Abuse and Neglect, 9, 319-328. https://doi.org/10.1016/0145-2134(85)90027-4
  • Çeçen-Eroğul, A. R., & Kaf-Hasırcı, Ö. (2013). İlköğretim birinci kademe öğrencilerine yönelik geliştirilen cinsel istismarı önleme psiko-eğitim programının etkililiğinin sınanması [Developed school based programs and effectiveness to prevent on child sexual abuse]. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Bilimleri, 13(2), 719-729. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12809/7796
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  • Krahe, B., & Knappert, L. (2009). A group-randomized evaluation of a theatre-based sexual abuse prevention programme for primary school children in Germany. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, 19, 321–329. https://doi.org/10.1002/casp.1009
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  • Lanning, B., & Massey-Stokes, M. (2006). Child sexual abuse prevention programs in Texas accredited non-public schools. American Journal of Health Studies, 21(1), 36-43.
  • Maclnytre, D. & Carr, A. (1999). Evaluation of the effectiveness of the stay safe primary prevention programme for child sexual abuse. Child Abuse & Neglect, 23(12), 1307-1325. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0145-2134(99)00092-7
  • McElearney, A., Murphy, C., Craig, L., Palmer, L., Monaghan, M., & Cunningham, C. (2021). Children's views on being taught about abuse through the keeping safe education programme: Lessons from the process evaluation for teachers and policymakers. NSPCC. https://learning.nspcc.org.uk/media/2665/keeping-safe-process-eval-uation-children.pdf
  • Mc Elroy, S., & Hevey, D. (2014). Relationship between adverse early experiences, stressors, psychosocial resources and wellbeing. Child Abuse & Neglect, 38(1), 65-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2013.07.017
  • Metinyurt, H. A. I., & Yıldırım Sarı, H. (2016). Sağlık çalışanlarının çocuk ihmali ve istismarını tanıma düzeyleri [Awareness of health professionals about child abuse and neglect]. Çocuk ve Medeniyet, 1(1), 101-121. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/cm/issue/57206/807840
  • Muhammad, T. & Tummala, P. (2021). The progress in child protection 30 years after the CRC and the impact of ISPCAN. Child Abuse & Neglect, 119(1), 105134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105134.
  • Müderrisoğlu, S., Dedeoğlu, C., Akço, S., & Akbulut, B. (2014). Türkiye’de 0-8 yaş arası çocuğa yönelik aile içi şiddet araştırması [Research on domestic violence against children aged 0-8 years in Türkiye]. http://www.ailecocuksiddet.info/RAPOR.pdf
  • Nemeroff, C. B. (2016). Paradise lost: The neurobiological and clinical consequences of child abuse and neglect. Neuron, 89(5), 892-909. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2016.01.019
  • Nemerofsky, A. G., Carran, D. T., & Rosenberg, L. A. (1994). Age variation in performance among preschool children in a sexual abuse prevention program. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 3, 85-102. https://doi.org/10.1300/J070v03n01_06
  • Pressel, D. (2000). Evaluation of physical abuse in children. American Family Physician, 61(10), 3057-3064. PMID: 10839555.
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  • Rezan Çeçen, A. (2007). Çocuk cinsel istismarı: Sıklığı, etkileri ve okul temelli önleme Yolları [Child sexual abuse: Prevalence, effects and school based prevention]. Uluslararası İnsan Bilimleri Dergisi, 4(1), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40621-022-00396-4
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  • Wurtele, S. K., Kast, L. C., & Melzer, A. M. (1992). Abuse prevention education for young children: A comparison of teachers and parents as instructors. Child Abuse Neglect, 16(6), 865-76. https://doi.org/10.1016/0145-2134(92)90088-9
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Toplam 63 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Okul Öncesi Eğitim
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Emine Hande Aydos

Berrin Akman

Gönderilme Tarihi 29 Mayıs 2025
Kabul Tarihi 13 Kasım 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Ocak 2026
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2026 Cilt: 34 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Aydos, E. H., & Akman, B. (2026). Empowering Preschoolers Against Abuse: Effectiveness of Safe Child Program Safety Dimension in Türkiye. Kastamonu Education Journal, 34(1), 41-52. https://doi.org/10.24106/kefdergi.1877931

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