Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Gender Discrimination Based Problems Faced By Female Superintendents in ahe USA, Overcome and Recommendations

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 25 Sayı: 1, 401 - 418, 15.01.2017

Öz

The research aims to identify gender based discrimination issues faced by female

superintendents in the USA, causes, ways to overcome and their recommendations. This

qualitative research is based on the opinion of 15 female superintendents. It was concluded

that the majority of female superintendents experience gender discrimination. The problems

are while mans to be preferred as a manager, women don’t be preferred; the belief that women

cannot do management; don’t accept of women’s decision. Discrimination caused by social

norms, social culture. Overcome to problems are to be focused aim; working hard to prove

herself; establish good relationship; to learn not to be angry and disappointed; moving based

on the data and self-reliance. The recommendations are do good works, neglect discrimination

and to be positive.


Kaynakça

  • Babaoğlan, E. (2011). Birkaç kadın denetçiden biri olmanın zorlukları. Amme İdaresi Dergisi, 44(4), 121-144.
  • Bell, C. S. (1988). Organizational influences on women's experience in the superintendency. Peabody Journal of Education, 65(4), 31-59.
  • Besler, S. ve Oruç, İ. (2010). Türkiye’de ve yazılı basında kadın yöneticiler. Anadolu Üniver-sitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 1(1), 17–38.
  • Bilgin, N. (2006). Sosyal bilimlerde içerik analizi teknikler ve örnek çalışmalar. Ankara: Siyasal Kitapevi.
  • Billing, Y. D. (2011). Are women in management victims of the phantom of the male norm? Gender Work & Organization, 18(3), 298-317.
  • Björk, L. G. (2000). Introduction: Women in the superintendency-advances in research and theory. Educational Administration Quarterly, 36(1), 5-17.
  • Brunner, C. C. & Kim, Y. L. (2010). Are women prepared to be school superintendents? an essay on the myths and misunderstandings. Journal of Research on Leadership Education, 5(8), 276-309.
  • Brunner, C. C. (2008). Invisible, limited, and emerging discourse: research practices that restrict and/or increase access for women and persons of color to the superintendency. Journal of School Leadership, 18(6), 661-682.
  • Brunner, C. C. (2000). Unsettled moments in settled discourse: women superintendents expe-riences of inequality. Educational Administration Quarterly, 36(1), 76-116.
  • Brunner, C. C. (1998). Women superintendents: strategies for success. The Journal of Educa-tional Administration, 36(2), 160-182.
  • Brunner, C. C. (1996). Developing women leaders: The art of "stalking" the superintendency. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Association of School Administra-tors. San Diego, CA, March 8-11.
  • Cohen, L., Manion, L. & Morrison, K. (2005). Research methods in education. London and New York: Routledge Falmer, Taylor & Francis Group.
  • Creswell, J. W. (1994). Research design: Qualitative & quantitative approaches. London: Thousand Oaks, Sage Publications.
  • Crowson, R. L. & Glass, T. E. (1991). The changing role of the local school district superin-tendent in the United States. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educa-tional Research Association, Chicago, April 3-7.
  • Dobie, D. F. & Hummel, B. (2001). Successful women superintendents in a gender-biased profession. Equity & Excellence in Education, 34(2), 22-28.
  • Gray, P. S., Williamson, J. B., Karp, D. A. & Dalphin, J. R. (2007). The research imagination: An introduction to qualitative and quantitative methods. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Grogan, M. (2008). The short tenure of a woman superintendent: A clash of gender and poli-tics. Journal of School Leadership, 18(6), 634-660.
  • Holland, E. (2011). Gender gap is narrowing in ranks of schools chiefs. (2014, Aralık 22).
  • Miles, M. B. & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis. 2nd Edition, Sage Publi-cation, London.
  • Miller, C. M. (2009). Overcoming barriers: Women in the superintendency, Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Georgia State University.
  • NCES (2011). National center for educational statistics. (2014, Aralık 15).
  • Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative research & evaluation methods. 3rd Edition, Sage Publication, London.
  • Patton, M. Q. (1987). How to use qualitative methods in evaluation, program evaluation kit. California: Sage Publications.
  • Rubin, H. J. ve Rubin, I. S. (2005). Qualitative interviewing: The art of hearing data. California: Thousand Oaks, Sage Publication.
  • Schmuck, P. A. (1975). Deterrents to women’s careers in school management. Sex Roles, 1(4), 339-353.
  • Skrla, L. (2000). The social construction of gender in the superintendency. Journal of Education Policy, 15(3), 293-316.
  • Skrla, L., Reyes, P. & Scheurich, J. J. (2000). Sexism, silence, and solutions: Women superin-tendents speak up and speak out. Educational Administration Quarterly, 36(1), 44-75.
  • Shakeshaft, C. (1989). The gender gap in research in educational administration. Educational Administration Quarterly, 25(4), 324-337.
  • Tallerico, M. (2000). Gaining access to the superintendency: Headhunting, gender, and color. Educational Administration Quarterly, 36(1), 18-43.
  • Tallerico, M. & Blount, J. M. (2004). Women and the superintendency: Insights from theory and history. Educational Administration Quarterly, 40(5), 633-662.
  • Usluer, L. (2000). Kadın öğretmenlerin yönetici konumlara yükseltilmeme nedenleri konu-sundaki öğretmen ve yönetici görüşlerinin değerlendirilmesi, Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi, Ankara.
  • Yıldırım, A. ve Şimşek, H. (2008). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.

ABD’deki Kadın Okul Bölgesi Müdürlerinin Yaşadığı Cinsiyet Ayrımcılığına Dayalı Sorunlar, Üstesinden Gelme Yolları ve Öneriler

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 25 Sayı: 1, 401 - 418, 15.01.2017

Öz

Araştırmanın amacı, ABD’deki okul bölgesi müdürlerinin cinsiyet ayrımcılığına dayalı yaşadıkları sorunları, nedenlerini, üstesinden gelme yollarını ve önerilerini belirlemektir. Araştırma 15 kadın okul bölgesi müdürünün görüşlerine dayanan nitel araştırmadır. Verilerin analizinde içerik analizi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada, kadın müdürlerin çoğunluğunun cinsiyet ayrımcılığı yaşadığı belirlenmiştir. Yaşanan sorunlar erkeklerin müdür olarak tercih edilirken kadınların edilmemesi; kadınların yöneticilik yapamayacağına inanılması ve kadınların kararlarının kabul edilmemesidir. Ayrımcılığın nedenleri toplumsal normlar, toplumsal kültürdür. Sorunların üstesinden gelme yolları hedefe odaklanmak; çok çalışarak kendini kanıtlamak; iyi ilişkiler kurmak; kızmamayı ve hayal kırıklığına uğramamayı öğrenmek; veriye dayalı hareket etmek ve kendine güvenmektir. Önerileri ise işleri iyi yapmaları, ayrımcılıkları önemsememeleri ve olumlu olmalarıdır

Kaynakça

  • Babaoğlan, E. (2011). Birkaç kadın denetçiden biri olmanın zorlukları. Amme İdaresi Dergisi, 44(4), 121-144.
  • Bell, C. S. (1988). Organizational influences on women's experience in the superintendency. Peabody Journal of Education, 65(4), 31-59.
  • Besler, S. ve Oruç, İ. (2010). Türkiye’de ve yazılı basında kadın yöneticiler. Anadolu Üniver-sitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 1(1), 17–38.
  • Bilgin, N. (2006). Sosyal bilimlerde içerik analizi teknikler ve örnek çalışmalar. Ankara: Siyasal Kitapevi.
  • Billing, Y. D. (2011). Are women in management victims of the phantom of the male norm? Gender Work & Organization, 18(3), 298-317.
  • Björk, L. G. (2000). Introduction: Women in the superintendency-advances in research and theory. Educational Administration Quarterly, 36(1), 5-17.
  • Brunner, C. C. & Kim, Y. L. (2010). Are women prepared to be school superintendents? an essay on the myths and misunderstandings. Journal of Research on Leadership Education, 5(8), 276-309.
  • Brunner, C. C. (2008). Invisible, limited, and emerging discourse: research practices that restrict and/or increase access for women and persons of color to the superintendency. Journal of School Leadership, 18(6), 661-682.
  • Brunner, C. C. (2000). Unsettled moments in settled discourse: women superintendents expe-riences of inequality. Educational Administration Quarterly, 36(1), 76-116.
  • Brunner, C. C. (1998). Women superintendents: strategies for success. The Journal of Educa-tional Administration, 36(2), 160-182.
  • Brunner, C. C. (1996). Developing women leaders: The art of "stalking" the superintendency. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Association of School Administra-tors. San Diego, CA, March 8-11.
  • Cohen, L., Manion, L. & Morrison, K. (2005). Research methods in education. London and New York: Routledge Falmer, Taylor & Francis Group.
  • Creswell, J. W. (1994). Research design: Qualitative & quantitative approaches. London: Thousand Oaks, Sage Publications.
  • Crowson, R. L. & Glass, T. E. (1991). The changing role of the local school district superin-tendent in the United States. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educa-tional Research Association, Chicago, April 3-7.
  • Dobie, D. F. & Hummel, B. (2001). Successful women superintendents in a gender-biased profession. Equity & Excellence in Education, 34(2), 22-28.
  • Gray, P. S., Williamson, J. B., Karp, D. A. & Dalphin, J. R. (2007). The research imagination: An introduction to qualitative and quantitative methods. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Grogan, M. (2008). The short tenure of a woman superintendent: A clash of gender and poli-tics. Journal of School Leadership, 18(6), 634-660.
  • Holland, E. (2011). Gender gap is narrowing in ranks of schools chiefs. (2014, Aralık 22).
  • Miles, M. B. & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis. 2nd Edition, Sage Publi-cation, London.
  • Miller, C. M. (2009). Overcoming barriers: Women in the superintendency, Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Georgia State University.
  • NCES (2011). National center for educational statistics. (2014, Aralık 15).
  • Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative research & evaluation methods. 3rd Edition, Sage Publication, London.
  • Patton, M. Q. (1987). How to use qualitative methods in evaluation, program evaluation kit. California: Sage Publications.
  • Rubin, H. J. ve Rubin, I. S. (2005). Qualitative interviewing: The art of hearing data. California: Thousand Oaks, Sage Publication.
  • Schmuck, P. A. (1975). Deterrents to women’s careers in school management. Sex Roles, 1(4), 339-353.
  • Skrla, L. (2000). The social construction of gender in the superintendency. Journal of Education Policy, 15(3), 293-316.
  • Skrla, L., Reyes, P. & Scheurich, J. J. (2000). Sexism, silence, and solutions: Women superin-tendents speak up and speak out. Educational Administration Quarterly, 36(1), 44-75.
  • Shakeshaft, C. (1989). The gender gap in research in educational administration. Educational Administration Quarterly, 25(4), 324-337.
  • Tallerico, M. (2000). Gaining access to the superintendency: Headhunting, gender, and color. Educational Administration Quarterly, 36(1), 18-43.
  • Tallerico, M. & Blount, J. M. (2004). Women and the superintendency: Insights from theory and history. Educational Administration Quarterly, 40(5), 633-662.
  • Usluer, L. (2000). Kadın öğretmenlerin yönetici konumlara yükseltilmeme nedenleri konu-sundaki öğretmen ve yönetici görüşlerinin değerlendirilmesi, Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi, Ankara.
  • Yıldırım, A. ve Şimşek, H. (2008). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
Toplam 32 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Konular Eğitim Üzerine Çalışmalar
Bölüm Derleme Makale
Yazarlar

Emine Babaoğlan Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Ocak 2017
Kabul Tarihi 24 Ocak 2016
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2017 Cilt: 25 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Babaoğlan, E. (2017). Gender Discrimination Based Problems Faced By Female Superintendents in ahe USA, Overcome and Recommendations. Kastamonu Education Journal, 25(1), 401-418. https://doi.org/10.24106/kefdergi.309187