E-Devletin Gölgesinde Silinen Temsiliyet: Türkiye’de Mahalle Muhtarlıklarına İlişkin Karşılaştırmalı ve Eleştirel Bir Analiz

Öz

Bu makale, dijitalleşen kamu yönetimi bağlamında mahalle muhtarlıklarının giderek işlevsizleştiği varsayımından hareketle, Türkiye’deki muhtarlık kurumunun mevcut statüsünü, dönüşüm potansiyelini ve kurumsal alternatiflerini karşılaştırmalı bir çerçevede ele almaktadır. 4541 sayılı Kanun ile muhtarlara verilen görevlerin büyük bölümü günümüzde e-Devlet uygulamaları aracılığıyla yürütülmekte olup, bu durum seçimle belirlenmiş ancak karar alma süreçlerine katılamayan, sembolik temsiliyeti bulunan fakat yönetsel etkinliği sınırlı bir muhtarlık yapısının ortaya çıkmasına neden olmaktadır. Çalışma, Japonya (Chōnaikai, Jichikai), Güney Kore (Tong, Ban), Hindistan (Ward Committees) ve Bangladeş (Ward Shava) örnekleri üzerinden, mahalle ölçeğinde daha katılımcı ve işlevsel yönetişim modellerinin nasıl tasarlandığını incelemekte; bu karşılaştırmalı çerçevede, Türkiye’deki muhtarlık kurumunun temsil ile işlevsellik arasındaki yapısal uyumsuzluğu derinleştiren bir model sunduğunu ileri sürmektedir. Bu doğrultuda makale, üç alternatif politika senaryosunu tartışmaktadır: (1) Kurumun sembolik ve tarihsel önemine atıfla mevcut yapısının korunması, (2) görev ve yetkilerinin belediyelere devri suretiyle kurumsal tasfiyesi, (3) görev tanımı ve kurumsal kapasitesinin genişletilmesiyle mahalle düzeyinde etkin bir yönetişim aktörüne dönüştürülmesi. Makale, muhtarlık kurumunun tarihsel ve sosyolojik mirasını gözetirken, çağdaş yönetişim normlarıyla uyumlu kapsayıcı ve işlevsel bir yeniden yapılanmanın gerekliliğini vurgulamakta ve bu doğrultuda somut politika önerileri sunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Mahalle muhtarlığı
• yerel yönetişim
• dijital devlet
• temsiliyet krizi
• katılımcı demokrasi
• kurumsal dönüşüm

Vanishing Representation in the Shadow of E-Government: A Comparative and Critical Analysis of Neighborhood Mukhtars in Turkey

Öz

This article examines the current status, transformation potential, and institutional alternatives of neighborhood mukhtars in Turkey within a comparative framework, based on the premise that these units have become increasingly dysfunctional in the context of digitalized public administration. Most of the duties assigned to mukhtars under Law No. 4541 are now carried out through e-Government applications. This has led to the emergence of an administrative structure in which mukhtars, though elected and symbolically representative, remain excluded from decision-making processes and possess limited administrative effectiveness. The study explores more participatory and functional governance models at the neighborhood level through examples such as Japan (Chōnaikai, Jichikai), South Korea (Tong, Ban), India (Ward Committees), and Bangladesh (Ward Shava). Within this comparative context, it is argued that the mukhtar institution in Turkey exemplifies a structural mismatch between representation and functionality. Accordingly, the article discusses three alternative policy scenarios: (1) maintaining the current structure due to its symbolic and historical significance, (2) institutional dissolution by transferring its duties and powers to municipalities, and (3) transforming the institution into an effective governance actor at the neighborhood level by expanding its mandate and institutional capacity. The article emphasizes the need for a comprehensive restructuring of the mukhtar institution that respects its historical and sociological legacy while aligning with contemporary governance norms, and it offers concrete policy recommendations in this direction.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Neighborhood mukhtar
• local governance
• digital state
• crisis of representation
• participatory democracy
• institutional transformation

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