İnşaat Firmalarında ISO 9000 Sertifikasyonu: Kıyaslamalı İçerik Analiziyle 2002’den 2025’e Bir Değerlendirme

Öz

ISO 9000 standartları, süreçleri standartlaştırmak, müşteri memnuniyetini artırmak ve organizasyonel yapıları güçlendirmek için önemli bir araç olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Ancak inşaat sektörünün proje tabanlı ve değişken yapısı, kalite yönetim sistemlerinin uygulanmasında önemli zorluklar ortaya koymaktadır. Türkiye’de sertifikasyona ilgi 1990’ların ortalarında hız kazanmış olmasına rağmen, uzun vadeli etkilerini değerlendiren ampirik çalışmalar sınırlıdır. Bu çalışma, Türkiye’deki inşaat sektöründe ISO 9000 kalite yönetim sistemlerinin benimsenmesini, 2002 yılına ait tarihsel anket verileri ile güncel akademik literatür ve firmaların kamuya açık bilgilerinin birleştirilmesi yoluyla yeniden incelemektedir. Araştırma, ISO 9000 serisi standartları sertifikasyonuna ilişkin motivasyonlar, karşılaşılan zorluklar, faydalar, proje düzeyindeki etkiler ve memnuniyetin zaman içindeki evrimini değerlendirmek için karşılaştırmalı içerik analizi yöntemini kullanmaktadır. 2002 yılı anketine katılan firmaların güncel faaliyetlerinin incelenmesi, devam eden ISO 9000 sertifikasyon durumları ve bildirilen kalite uygulamaları, kalite yönetim sistemlerinin sürdürülebilirliği ve kurumsallaşması hakkında ampirik bulgular sağlamaktadır. Bulgular, müşteri talepleri ve rekabet baskılarının hâlâ başlıca motivasyon unsurları olduğunu, ancak iç kalite iyileştirme ve kurumsal teşviklerin giderek önem kazandığını göstermektedir. Güncel literatürde çalışan direnci ve organizasyonel uyum gibi zorluklar devam etmekle birlikte, ISO 9000’i yönetim sistemlerine başarılı şekilde entegre eden firmalar uzun vadeli operasyonel, stratejik ve itibar kazanımları elde etmektedir. Çalışma, tarihsel verilerin endüstrinin gelişimini anlamadaki değerini vurgulamakta ve dijital teknolojilerin entegrasyonu, gelişmiş yönetim sistemleri ve endüstriler arası karşılaştırmaların gelecekteki araştırmalar için temel oluşturduğunu göstermektedir. Geçmiş ve güncel kanıtların birleştirilmesiyle, araştırma ISO 9000’in sadece uyum amaçlı bir gereklilikten, inşaat sektöründe sürdürülebilir kalite uygulamalarını destekleyen stratejik bir araç haline dönüşümünü ortaya koymaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• ISO 9000
• İnşaat Sektörü
• Kalite Yönetim Sistemi
• kıyaslamalı içerik analizi

ISO 9000 Certification in Turkish Construction Firms: A Comparative Content Analysis from 2002 to 2025

Öz

ISO 9000 standards have emerged as a key instrument to standardize processes, enhance customer satisfaction, and strengthen organizational structures. However, the project-based and variable nature of the construction industry poses significant challenges for the implementation of quality management systems. In Türkiye, interest in certification accelerated in the mid-1990s; however, empirical studies assessing its long-term impacts remain scarce. This study revisits the adoption of ISO 9000 quality management systems in the Turkish construction industry, combining historical survey data from 2002 with contemporary academic literature and publicly available firm-level information. The research employs a comparative content analysis methodology to examine the evolution of motivations, challenges, benefits, project-level impacts, and satisfaction associated with ISO 9000 certification. The examination of the current actions of the 2002 respondent firms, including their ongoing ISO 9000 series of standards certification status and reported quality practices, provides empirical insights into the sustainability and institutionalization of quality management systems over time. Findings indicate that while client demands and competitive pressures remain key motivators, internal quality improvement and institutional incentives have become increasingly prominent. Challenges such as employee resistance and organizational adaptation persist, yet firms that successfully integrated ISO 9000 into their management systems demonstrate long-term operational, strategic, and reputational gains. The study underscores the value of historical data for understanding industry evolution and provides a foundation for future research on the integration of digital technologies, advanced management systems, and cross-industry comparisons. By triangulating past and present evidence, the research offers a nuanced perspective on how ISO 9000 has transitioned from a compliance-driven requirement to a strategic enabler of sustainable quality practices in construction.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• ISO 9000
• Certification
• Construction Industry
• Quality Management Systems
• Comparative Analysis

Kaynakça

1. Abbasi, G. Y., & Al-Nagrash, Q. (2022, February). Implementation of ISO 9001: 2015 Quality Management System in first-class construction contractors–Case of Jordan. In 2022 Advances in Science and Engineering Technology International Conferences (ASET) (pp. 1-4). IEEE.
2. Agresti, A., & Kateri, M. (2011). Categorical data analysis. In International encyclopedia of statistical science (pp. 206-208). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
3. Akhund, M. A., Memon, A. H., Imad, H. U., Siddiqui, F. H., & Khoso, A. R. (2018). Motivational factors for the implementation of ISO-9001 in construction firms of Pakistan. Civil Engineering Journal, 4(9), 2023-2033.
4. Alsim Alarko San.Tes. ve Tic. A.Ş., “Corporate website” last accessed: 29.08.2025, https://www.alsimalarko.com.tr
5. Alnazli, A. (2022). Benefit and Challenges Facing Implementation of Quality Management Practices in Construction in Abu Dhabi in the UAE.
6. Budayan, C., & Okudan, O. (2022). Roadmap for the implementation of total quality management (TQM) in ISO 9001-certified construction companies: Evidence from Turkey. Ain shams engineering journal, 13(6), 101788.
7. Brooks, T., Gunning, J. G., Spillane, J. P., & Cole, J. (2021). Regulatory decoupling and the effectiveness of the ISO 9001 quality management system in the construction sector in the UK–a case study analysis. Construction management and economics, 39(12), 988-1005.
8. Cengiz İnşaat Sanayi ve Tic.A.Ş., “Corporate website” last accessed: 29.08.2025, https://www.cengiz-insaat.com.tr/

9. Cheirkhanova, A., Juman, J., Yezhebekov, M., Makulova, A., Khamzayeva, A., & Zhuman, Y. (2025). The Impact of Customer-Centered Quality Management Systems on Profit and Satisfaction in Construction Companies. Sustainability, 17(9), 4190.
10. Chiarini, A., & Cherrafi, A. (2023). Integrating ISO 9001 and Industry 4.0. An implementation guideline and PDCA model for manufacturing sector. Total Quality Management & Business Excellence, 34(13-14), 1629-1654.
11. Christiansen, J. K., & Mouritsen, J. (2021). Learning from the ambiguous past with project reviews. International Journal of Managing Projects in Business, 14(1), 179-204.
12. Chuang, L. M., & Lee, Y. P. (2023). Construction CSFs for ISO International Quality Management System. Advances in Management and Applied Economics, 13(4), 1-2.
13. da Fonseca, L. M. C. M., Domingues, J. P., Machado, P. B., & Harder, D. (2019). ISO 9001: 2015 adoption: A multi-country empirical research. Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management (JIEM), 12(1), 27-50.
14. Enka İnşaat ve San.A.Ş., “Corporate website” last accessed: 29.08.2025, https://www.enka.com/
15. ENR, (2005). Engineering News Record top 250 International Contractors List. https://www.enr.com/toplists/2025-Top-250-International-Contractors-Preview, last accessed in 25.08.2025
16. Fetters, M. D., Curry, L. A., & Creswell, J. W. (2013). Achieving integration in mixed methods designs—principles and practices. Health services research, 48(6pt2), 2134-2156.
17. Field, A. (2024). Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS statistics. Sage publications limited.
18. Fonseca, L. M., Cardoso, M. C., & Nóvoa, M. H. (2022). Motivations for ISO 9001 quality management system implementation and certification–mapping the territory with a novel classification proposal. International Journal of Quality and Service Sciences, 14(1), 18-36.
19. Heras‐Saizarbitoria, I., & Boiral, O. (2013). ISO 9001 and ISO 14001: towards a research agenda on management system standards. International journal of management reviews, 15(1), 47-65.
20. ISO (International Organization for Standardization). (2000). ISO 9000:2000 – Quality management systems: Fundamentals and vocabulary. International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland.
21. ISO (International Organization for Standardization). (2015). ISO 9001:2015 – Quality management systems: Requirements. International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland.
22. Jacob, L. A., Gandure, J., & Kommula, V. P. (2025). Investigation of sustainability failures of ISO 9001 quality management system–a case of Botswana. International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, 42(1), 33-60.
23. Jiao, P., & Bu, W. (2024). The impact of organizational learning on organizational resilience in construction projects. Buildings, 14(4), 975.
24. Juran, J. M. (1999). Juran's quality handbook.
25. Khatatbeh, A. A. (2023). Quantifying the impact of ISO 9001 standard on the project and engineering management and success factors; A case of construction industry. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 30(6), 2564-2581.
26. Krippendorff, K. (2018). Content analysis: An introduction to its methodology. Sage publications.
27. Kumaraswamy, M. M., & Dissanayaka, S. M. (2000). ISO 9000 and beyond: from a Hong Kong construction perspective. Construction Management and Economics, 18(7), 783-796.
28. Landin, A. (2000). ISO 9001 within the Swedish construction sector. Construction Management and Economics, 18(5), 509-518.
29. Love, P. E. D., & Li, H. (2000). Overcoming the problems associated with quality certification. Construction Management & Economics, 18(2), 139-149.
30. Moatazed-Keani IV, R. A. M. I. N., & GHANBARI-PARSA SECHI, A. R. (1999). ISO 9000 standards: perceptions and experiences in the UK construction industry. Construction Management & Economics, 17(1), 107-119.
31. McKinsey Global Institute. (2017). Reinventing construction: A route to higher productivity. McKinsey & Company. https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/operations/our-insights/improving-construction-productivity
32. Neyestani, B. (2017). Effects of ISO 9001 standard on critical factors of project management in construction industry.
33. Nurol İnşaat ve Tic. A.Ş., “Corporate website” last accessed: 29.08.2025, https://www.nurolinsaat.com.tr
34. Ogunnusi, M., Omotayo, T., Hamma-Adama, M., Awuzie, B. O., & Egbelakin, T. (2022). Lessons learned from the impact of COVID-19 on the global construction industry. Journal of engineering, design and technology, 20(1), 299-320.
35. Okonta, E. D., Okeke, F. O., Ojelabi, E. T., & Akinola, A. V. (2024). Exploring the Role of quality management practices (QMS) in mitigating Construction Failures and building collapse. Discover Civil Engineering, 1(1), 111.
36. Okudan, O., & Budayan, C. (2021). Reasons for performance differences among ISO 9001: 2015–certified construction companies in the perspective of TQM elements. Journal of Management in Engineering, 37(5), 04021050.
37. Öztaş İnşaat, İnşaat Malz. Tic. A.Ş., “Corporate website” last accessed: 29.08.2025, https://www.oztas.com.tr
38. Patton, M. Q. (2014). Qualitative research & evaluation methods: Integrating theory and practice. Sage publications.
39. Pheng, L. S., & Teo, J. A. (2004). Implementing total quality management in construction firms. Journal of management in Engineering, 20(1), 8-15.
40. Pekerler İnşaat Tic. ve San. LTD. ŞTİ., “Corporate website” last accessed: 29.08.2025, https://www.pekerlerinsaat.com
41. Polat Yol Yapi Sanayi Ve Tic. A.Ş., “Corporate website” last accessed: 29.08.2025, http://www.polatyol.com
42. Rogala, P., & Wawak, S. (2021). Quality of the ISO 9000 series of standards-perceptions of quality management experts. International Journal of Quality and Service Sciences, 13(4), 509-525.
43. Rujirayanyong, T., & Shi, J. J. (2006). A project-oriented data warehouse for construction. Automation in Construction, 15(6), 800-807.
44. Salvi, S. S., & Kerkar, S. S. (2020). Quality assurance and quality control for project effectiveness in construction and management. International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT), 9(2), 26-29.
45. Seyman, T. (2003). Türk inşaat firmalarında ISO 9000 sertifikasyon süreci ve ISO 9000 sertifikasından beklentiler ve memnuniyet, sertifikalı inşaat firmalarında alan araştırması (Master’s Thesis).
46. Shaikh, F. A., & Sohu, S. (2020). Implementation, advantages and management of ISO 9001 in the construction industry. Civil Engineering Journal, 6(6), 1136-1142.
47. Sherwani, K. H., Demir, A., & Maroof, L. (2025). Way to achieve sustainable benefits of ISO 9001 practices. International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, 42(4), 1167-1195.
48. STFA İnşaat Grubu, “Corporate website” last accessed: 29.08.2025, https://www.stfa.com
49. Sweis, R. J., & Jaradat, M. (2022). Project management performance of construction projects in Jordan: a comparative study of ISO 9001-certified and non-certified companies. The TQM Journal, 34(5), 1341-1364.
50. Taş, E., & Yildirim, S. (2011). Analysis of the usage process after ISO 9000 certification in the Turkish construction sector. Journal of the Faculty of Architecture, 8(2), 137-155.
51. TCA, (2024). Turkish Contractors Association Membership Admission Regulations. Retreived from https://www.tmb.org.tr/files/doc/2024_TMB_uye_kabul_yonetmeligi_tuzel_gercek.pdf (last accessed 27.05.2025)
52. Tekfen İnşaat ve Tesisat A.Ş., “Corporate website” last accessed: 29.08.2025, http://www.tekfeninsaat.com.tr
53. Tepe İnşaat Sanayi A.Ş., “Corporate website” last accessed: 29.08.2025, https://www.tepe.com.tr
54. World Economic Forum. (2020). Engineering and Construction. last accessed:29.08.2025 https://www.weforum.org/communities/engineering-and-construction/
55. Yapi Merkezi İnşaat ve Sanayi A.Ş., “Corporate website” last accessed: 29.08.2025, https://yapimerkezi.com.tr
56. Yüksel İnşaat A.Ş., “Corporate website” last accessed: 29.08.2025, https://yuksel.net/
57. Zafer İnşaat A.Ş., “Corporate website” last accessed: 29.08.2025, http://www.zafer.com.tr