Türkiye’de Demiryolu Taşımacılığı ve Altyapısının Demografik Etkileri

Öz

Bu çalışma, Türkiye'de demiryolu taşımacılığı ve altyapısının demografik etkilerini araştırmayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu çalışmada kullanılan değişkenler, demiryolu taşımacılığı olarak demiryolları ile taşınan yolcu ve yük hareketliliği, demiryolu altyapısı olarak demiryolu ağının uzunluğu ve demografik ölçü olarak ise nüfus yoğunluğu ve kentleşmedir. Yöntem olarak dinamik bağlantılılık yaklaşımı, 1950 ile 2019 yılları arasındaki örneklem dönem için Türkiye'de demiryolları ve demografi arasındaki bağlantıyı ortaya çıkarmak için kullanılmıştır. Bu yöntem, önemli bir farklılık ve avantaj olarak da görülebilecek şekilde tüm değişkenler arasındaki etkileşimi zaman boyutunu da incelemek suretiyle zenginleştirerek ikili ve bütünleşik yönsel parametreleri elde etmek için kullanılmıştır. Bu nedenle, demiryolları ve demografi arasındaki etkileşimin belirlenmesine farklı bir bakış açısı kazandırılması literatüre önemli bir katkı sağlayabilir. Ampirik sonuçlara göre, demiryolu yolcu taşımacılığı dışındaki tüm değişkenlerin net aktarıcı olduğu bulunmuştur. Her iki demografik ölçümün (nüfus yoğunluğu ve kentleşme), net ve ikili bağlantılılık parametreleri dikkate alındığında en güçlü aktarıcı oldukları tespit edilmiştir. Kentleşme ve nüfus yoğunluğu artışı, karşılıklı olarak demiryollarının gelişimiyle dinamik ve geçişli bir süreç içerisinde etkileşim halindedir. Demiryollarının Türkiye'deki demografi ile tarihsel perspektifte yoğun bir ilişkisi olduğu konvansiyonel olmayan ve sürecin gerekliliklerine uygun bir yöntemle doğrulanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Demiryolu taşımacılığı
• demiryolu altyapısı
• demografi
• bağlantılılık
• Türkiye

Demographic Effects of Railway Transportation and Infrastructure in Turkey

Öz

This study aims to explore the demographic effects of railway transportation and infrastructure in Turkey. Variables used in this study comprise freight and passenger movement with railways as railway transportation, the length of the railway network as railway infrastructure, and population density and urbanization as the demographic measure. The dynamic connectedness approach is used as the methodology of this study to sort out the linkage between railways and demography in Turkey for the sample period between 1950 and 2019. This method is useful to obtain pairwise and combined directional parameters by providing a continuous conduction within all variables through the time dimension. Thus, a variant perspective to the determination of the interaction between railways and demography might bring an important contribution to the literature. According to the empirical results, all variables are found net transmitter except railway passenger transportation. Both demographic measures are found the strongest transmitters considering net and pairwise connectedness parameters. Therefore, urbanization and population density increase can be attributed to the coming of the railways, and vice versa, in a dynamic and transitive progress. It has been confirmed by an unconventional method that railways have an intense relationship with the demography in Turkey in the historical perspective.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Railway transportation
• railway infrastructure
• demography
• connectedness
• Turkey

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