Karataş Tarihi Yerleşimi'nin Dönüşümü Üzerine Bir İnceleme

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 1, 176 - 184, 15.03.2020

Eray Bozkurt Feyza Durmuşlar

https://doi.org/10.35674/kent.673618

Öz

Birden fazla kültürün bir arada yaşadığı toplumlarda, farklı yaşamların bir araya gelmesi sonucu, mekânsal çeşitlilikler oluşmaktadır. Kültürlerin mekânsal ihtiyaçları doğrultusunda gelişen yapı türü çeşitliliği, yapım tekniği, mekânsal karakteristikler ve mimari elemanları bu çeşitliliği desteklenmektedir. Kentlerde çok kültürlülüğün sonucu olarak ise o bölgeye özgün bir doku oluşmaktadır. Bu çalışma kapsamında seçilen İzmir Karantina Bölgesi, tarihsel süreçte birçok kültürü bir arada barındırmış ve günümüz kent merkezinde tarihi bir doku oluşturmuştur. Bölge, 10. yüzyılda Bizanslıların donanma tesisi olarak hizmet etmiştir. 11. yüzyılda Türklerin eline geçen Karantina, 19. Yüzyılda Rum, Ermeni, Yahudi ve Müslüman toplumların bir arada yaşadığı bir yerleşim olmuştur. Günümüze kadar, bölgeye bazı kentsel müdahaleler yapılmıştır. Yapılan müdahaleler sonrasında, Karantina Bölgesi’nin tarihi mekanlarının ve bölgeleri de değişime uğramıştır. Bu çalışma kapsamında, tarihi Karantina Bölgesi ve yıllar içinde geçirdiği dönüşümlere dair bir inceleme yapılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Karantina, Tarihi Doku, Çok Kültürlü Toplumlar, Dönüşüm

Proposals for Revitalization of Karataş Historical Settlement

Öz

There is growing evidence that heritage conservation carries benefits in many areas of the urban environment. Local authorities, decision makers, institutions and authorities involved in urban development programs have recognized the urgent need to preserve their cultural resources and assets. The scientific community and research activities have brought to attention the development of methodologies, technologies and tools to guide, forecast, monitor and assess old buildings. The concept of historical environments is first drawn in Venice Charter as “urban or rural setting”. It is defined as “the evidence of a particular civilization, a significant development or a historic event” (ICOMOS, 1964). According to this charter, monuments should be evaluated with its environment. Ahunbay (2011) stated that historical environments are open-air museums that reveals how people have live in the past. Historical environments are educational places in terms of lifestyle, construction techniques, social life and culture. Washington Charter (1987) defined the elements, which is constituted of the historical characteristics of the historical settlements as follows: economic and social development, urban and regional planning should be integrated to the conservation of historic towns and urban areas. Urban patterns, open space, green space and buildings relationships, scale, size, style, construction technique, material, colour and decoration of the buildings, surrounding of the setting and its relationship between the urban area, various function has acquired over time. Burra Charter (2013) provides guideline for conservation and management. Conservation defined as retain cultural significance of a place. It is part of management of places of cultural significance. First step of conservation is understanding of cultural significance, then development of policy and management of the place should be developed. In accordance with these ideas, the conservation of the historical site approach is developed. To conserve characteristics of the cities and preserve its identity, conservation of a region (instead of conservation a single building) should be done (Radoslav et al, 2012). Historical settlements are one of the important elements that determine the identity of the cities. These environments have many values including art, architectural, historical and documentary. They provide information about historical settlements and lifestyle. It is important to conserve these environments, to sustain these values (Ahunbay, 2011). They make cities more attractive and it promote the economy at the same time. This idea increased the attention to historic settlements to manage sustainable urban development (Radoslav et al, 2012). Historical environments should be evaluated with strategies that have a holistic and participatory approach. The study focuses on Karataş (Quarantine) historical settlement, once occupied by Jewish, Armenian, Greek and Turkish families during the 19th Century Ottoman Period. They built buildings to support their communities’ needs. Some of these buildings are still standing with same or different building functions. Many of them with the help of the restoration projects, survived to emphasize the cultural identity of their period. After the intrusion of modern apartments, mass road constructions, seaside fills and incline in population, Karataş area had transformed rapidly. The aim of this study is to evaluate current approaches to the Historical Karataş region and defining new strategies to conservation of the site. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Karataş, Historical Environment, Multi-Cultural Societies, Transformation

Kaynakça

• Ahunbay, Z. (2011) Tarihi Çevre Koruma ve Restorasyon, Yapı-Endüstri Merkezi Yayınları, İstanbul.
• Akyüz Levi, E. (2010). Geçmişi Geleceğe Taşıyor: Asansör. İzmir Kültür ve Turizm Dergisi, Mart-Nisan, 80-87.
• Aksoy, Y. (2002) Symrna-İzmir, Efsaneden Gerçeğe, İzmir Yayıncılık, İzmir.
• Australia ICOMOS, The Burra Charter: Charter for Places of Cultural Significance, Australia, 1999.
• Beyru, R. (2011) 19. Yüzyılda İzmir Kenti, Literatür Yayınları, İzmir.
• Doğu Yücel (2011). “Semtler de insanlara benzer”, http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/kelebek/semtler-de-insanlara-benzer-17839252, 2018.
• Gürkan Ertaç (2013). “İzmir'in kültür hazinesi, Karataş”, https://www.yeniasir.com.tr/sarmasik/2013/02/05/izmirin-kultur-hazinesi-karatas.
• ICOMOS, The Venice Charter: International Charter for the Conservation and Restoration of Monument and Sites, Venice, 1964.
• ICOMOS, Washington Charter: Charter for the Conservation of Historic Towns and Urban Areas, 1987.
• İBB (2018). “İzmir'in Yeni Bir Meydanı Daha Var”, https://www.izmir.bel.tr/tr/Projeler/mithatpasa-meydani-ust-duzenlemesi-ve-alt-gecidi/1283/4.
• Kültür Varlıkları Envanteri (2012). “İl Kültür Envanterleri”, http://www.kulturportali.gov.tr/turkiye/genel/kulturenvanteri.
• Onur Şan (2018). “İzmir’in hoşgörü başkenti Karataş” http://www.izmirdergisi.com/tr/turizm/gezi-rehberi/747-izmir-in-hosgoru-baskenti-karatas.
• Radoslav R., Branea A.M. and G˘aman M.S. (2013). “Rehabilitation through a holistic revitalization strategy of historical city centres –Timisoara, Romania” Journal of Cultural Heritage (145).