Araştırma Makalesi
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The Development of City Marketing and Sustainability Concepts of Mardin Province Throughout the Republican History and Its Relationship with Social Entrepreneurship

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 16 Sayı: Türkiye Cumhuriyetinin 100. Yılı Özel Sayısı | Special Issue for the 100th Anniversary of the Republic of Türkiye, 407 - 437, 29.10.2023
https://doi.org/10.35674/kent.1353538

Öz

With the Izmir Economic Congress emphasizing economic independence, strategies for economic development in the early years of the republic were developed for agriculture, industry and services sectors. In 1929, agriculture accounted for 89% of employment and 44.5% of GDP, confirming Atatürk's statement that agriculture was the foundation of the national economy. The development of tourism, on the other hand, matured later than agriculture, as more effective investment decisions regarding tourism were made after 1950. When the development of tourism in Mardin province is analyzed in terms of the history of the Republic, the first available data is from 2008. However, the fate of Mardin province in terms of tourism changed with the activities of Ebru Baybara Demir, who leaded marketing the city after 1999. Social entrepreneurship creates social value through the use of necessary resources in solving social problems and meeting needs. In the city of Mardin, social problems such as unemployment, women's employment and migration have begun to be solved by social entrepreneur Ebru Baybara Demir, who has created an economy by pioneering touristic travel plans and city marketing activities. In addition to Mardin's specific problems, she has also developed projects on sustainability, which is also valid for the country and even the world in general, and has also provided social benefit. Especially her work on food security and sustainability in agriculture, and the projects developed in Mardin have started to be followed in neighboring cities and across Turkey. This study aims to reveal the relationship between the concepts of tourism, city marketing and sustainability and social entrepreneurship in Mardin province during the republican period. For the research, the interviews of social entrepreneur Ebru Baybara Demir on Youtube were analyzed by content analysis method in Maxqda program. As a result of the analysis, the positive impact of social entrepreneurship on city marketing and sustainability was determined. In addition, the positive impact of city marketing on social entrepreneurship was also identified.

Kaynakça

  • Akova, İ., (1997)., Türkiye’de Turizmin Önemi ve Ekonomideki Yeri, Türk Coğrafya Dergisi, 32, 263-280.
  • Akyüz, Ö. Ü. Ç. (2018). Markalaşma Süresi ve Kültüre Evrilen Turizm: Mardin. Gazi Üniversitesi. Ankara.
  • Alam, S. M., & Islam, K. M. (2021). Examining the role of environmental corporate social responsibility in building green corporate image and green competitive advantage. International Journal of Corporate Social Responsibility, 6(1), 1-16.
  • Aquino, R.S., Lück, M., & Schänzel, H.A. (2018, February). Tourism social entrepreneurship for sustainable community development: Review and conceptual framework, Conference Paper https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323130033 ·
  • Austin, J., H. Stevenson, & J. Wei-Skillern. (2006). Social and commercial entrepreneurship: Same, different, or both? Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 31(1), 1–22.
  • Babbie, E. (2004). The practise of social research, (10 th ed.). Belmont: Wadsworth / Thomson Learning
  • Bacq, S., & Janssen, F. (2011). The multiple faces of social entrepreneurship: A review of definitional issues based on geographical and thematic criteria. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 23, 373–403.
  • Balencourt A., Zafra A.C. (2012). City Marketing: How to promote a city? The case of Umeå, Master Thesis, Umeå Univetsity, School of Business, Umeå, Sweden.
  • Bansal,S., Garg, I., & Sharma,G.D. (2019). Social Entrepreneurship as a Path for Social Change and Driver of Sustainable Development: A Systematic Review and Research Agenda, Sustainability, 11, 1091
  • Bas, T., & Akturan, U. (2008). Nitel arastırma yöntemleri- NVivo 7.0 ile nitel veri analizi. (Birinci Baskı). Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık
  • Berglund, E., & Olsson, K., (2010). Rethinking place marketing: A literature review, 50th Congress of the European Regional Science Association: "Sustainable Regional Growth and Development in the Creative Knowledge Economy", 19-23 August 2010, Jönköping, Sweden, European Regional Science Association (ERSA), Louvain-la-Neuve
  • Bernard, H. R., & Ryan, G. (2010). Analyzing qualitative data systematic approaches. California: Sage Publications.
  • Borusan Holding / Geleceğe İlham Buluşması. (2023). Ebru Baybara Demir ve Türev Uludağ / 8 Mart Dünya Kadınlar Günü. [Video]. Youtube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=64e8Qs1KaDY
  • Braun, E. (2008). City Marketing: Towards an integrated approach. Rotterdam, the Netherlands: Erasmus Research Institute of Management (ERIM) .
  • Charter, M., Peattie, K., Ottman, J., & Polonsky, M.J., (2002, April). Marketing and sustainability, published by: Centre for Business Relationships, Accountability, Sustainability and Society (BRASS), in association with The Centre for Sustainable Design2
  • Covin, J. G., & Slevin, D. P. (1988). The influence of organization structure on the utility of an entrepreneurial top management style. Journal of Management Studies, 25(3), 217–259.
  • Çelebi, D., (2021). Social entrepteneurship in gastronomy industry: a holistic approach, Yaşar Üniversitesi, İşletme Yönetimi Doktora Programı, Doktora Tezi.
  • Çımat, A., & Bahar, O. (2003). Turizm sektörünün Türkiye ekonomisi içindeki yeri ve önemi üzerine bir değerlendirme. Akdeniz İ.İ.B.F. Dergisi, (6) 2003, 1-18
  • Demir, E. B. (2022, a). Türk tarımına umut oldu/ Mardinli Ebru Baybara Demir, Pazar atıklarıyla toprağı iyileştiriyor. [Video]. Youtube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eng0-c2zSA4
  • Demir, E. B. (2022, b). 3. Global Gastroekonomi Zirvesi-İstanbul. [Video]. Youtube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E6xgeATT2XY
  • Demir, E. B. (2021, a). Dünyanın en iyi 10 şefi arasında / Mardinli Ebru Baybara Demir’in film gibi hikayesi. [Video]. Youtube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ClF153ROSRc
  • Demir, E. B. (2021, b). Kadınların tarımdaki rolü ve etkisi / Tarım ajandası. [Video]. Youtube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qg8-qLEvjNU
  • Demir, E. B. (2019). TMK Talks- Türkiye’nin mühendis kızları. [Video]. Youtube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iFdBvkJgf1Q
  • Demir, E. B. (2017). Yola çıktım Mardin’e [Video]. TedxReset, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gDVJ47KYXBw
  • Denzin, N. K., & Lincoln, Y. S. (2000). Handbook of qualitative research. (Second Edition). California: Sage Publication.
  • Dernek, Z. (2006). Cumhuriyet’in Kuruluşundan Günümüze Tarımsal Gelişmeler, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 1(1), 1-12.
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  • Gertner, D., (2011). A (tentative) meta-analysis of the ‘place marketing’ and ‘place branding’ literatüre, Journal of Brand Management, 19(2), 112–131
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Cumhuriyet Tarihi Boyunca Mardin İlinin Şehir Pazarlaması ve Sürdürülebilirlik Kavramlarının Gelişimi ve Sosyal Girişimcilik ile İlişkisi

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 16 Sayı: Türkiye Cumhuriyetinin 100. Yılı Özel Sayısı | Special Issue for the 100th Anniversary of the Republic of Türkiye, 407 - 437, 29.10.2023
https://doi.org/10.35674/kent.1353538

Öz

İzmir İktisat Kongre’sinde ekonomik bağımsızlık vurgusu yapılmasıyla, cumhuriyetin ilk yıllarında iktisadi kalkınma için tarım, sanayi ve hizmet sektörleri için stratejiler geliştirilmiştir. 1929’da tarımın istihdamdaki payının %89, GSYİH’daki payının % 44.5 olması, Atatürk’ün milli ekonominin temelini ziraat olarak ifade etmesini doğrulamaktadır. Turizm ile ilgili, daha etkili yatırım kararlarına 1950’den sonra sıra gelmesi nedeniyle, turizmin gelişimi ise, tarıma kıyasla daha geç olgunlaşmıştır. Mardin ili özelinde Cumhuriyet tarihi açısından turizmin gelişimi incelendiğinde, ulaşılabilir ilk veri 2008 yılındadır. Ancak Mardin ilinin turizm açısından kaderi, 1999’dan sonra şehrin pazarlamasına öncülük eden, Ebru Baybara Demir’in faaliyetleri ile değişmiştir. Sosyal girişimcilik, toplumsal sorunların çözümünde ve ihtiyaçların karşılanmasında, gerekli kaynakların kullanılması yoluyla toplumsal değer oluşturmaktadır. Mardin şehrinde, işsizlik, kadın istihdamı, göç gibi toplumsal sorunlar, sosyal girişimci Ebru Baybara Demir’in turistik gezi planlarına ve şehir pazarlama faaliyetlerine öncülük ederek bir ekonomi oluşturması ile çözümlenmeye başlamıştır. Ebru Baybara Demir, Mardin’in özel sorunları dışında, ülke ve hatta dünya genelinde de geçerli olan sürdürülebilirlik konusunda da projeler geliştirerek, yine toplumsal fayda sağlamıştır. Özellikle gıdanın güvenliği ve tarımda sürdürülebilirlik ekseninde yaptığı çalışmalar ve Mardin’de geliştirilen projeler çevre kentler ve Türkiye genelinde de takip edilmeye başlanmıştır. Bu çalışmada, Mardin ilinde cumhuriyet dönemi boyunca turizm, şehir pazarlaması ve sürdürülebilirlik kavramlarının sosyal girişimcilik ile ilişkisinin ortaya konması amaçlanmaktadır. Araştırma için, sosyal girişimci Ebru Baybara Demir’in Youtube’da yer alan söyleşileri Maxqda programında içerik analizi yöntemi ile analiz edilmiştir. Analiz sonucunda, sosyal girişimciliğin şehir pazarlamasına ve sürdürülebilirliğe olumlu etkisi tespit edilmiştir. Bunun yanı sıra, şehir pazarlamanın da sosyal girişimciliğe olumlu etkisi tespit edilmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • Akova, İ., (1997)., Türkiye’de Turizmin Önemi ve Ekonomideki Yeri, Türk Coğrafya Dergisi, 32, 263-280.
  • Akyüz, Ö. Ü. Ç. (2018). Markalaşma Süresi ve Kültüre Evrilen Turizm: Mardin. Gazi Üniversitesi. Ankara.
  • Alam, S. M., & Islam, K. M. (2021). Examining the role of environmental corporate social responsibility in building green corporate image and green competitive advantage. International Journal of Corporate Social Responsibility, 6(1), 1-16.
  • Aquino, R.S., Lück, M., & Schänzel, H.A. (2018, February). Tourism social entrepreneurship for sustainable community development: Review and conceptual framework, Conference Paper https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323130033 ·
  • Austin, J., H. Stevenson, & J. Wei-Skillern. (2006). Social and commercial entrepreneurship: Same, different, or both? Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 31(1), 1–22.
  • Babbie, E. (2004). The practise of social research, (10 th ed.). Belmont: Wadsworth / Thomson Learning
  • Bacq, S., & Janssen, F. (2011). The multiple faces of social entrepreneurship: A review of definitional issues based on geographical and thematic criteria. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 23, 373–403.
  • Balencourt A., Zafra A.C. (2012). City Marketing: How to promote a city? The case of Umeå, Master Thesis, Umeå Univetsity, School of Business, Umeå, Sweden.
  • Bansal,S., Garg, I., & Sharma,G.D. (2019). Social Entrepreneurship as a Path for Social Change and Driver of Sustainable Development: A Systematic Review and Research Agenda, Sustainability, 11, 1091
  • Bas, T., & Akturan, U. (2008). Nitel arastırma yöntemleri- NVivo 7.0 ile nitel veri analizi. (Birinci Baskı). Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık
  • Berglund, E., & Olsson, K., (2010). Rethinking place marketing: A literature review, 50th Congress of the European Regional Science Association: "Sustainable Regional Growth and Development in the Creative Knowledge Economy", 19-23 August 2010, Jönköping, Sweden, European Regional Science Association (ERSA), Louvain-la-Neuve
  • Bernard, H. R., & Ryan, G. (2010). Analyzing qualitative data systematic approaches. California: Sage Publications.
  • Borusan Holding / Geleceğe İlham Buluşması. (2023). Ebru Baybara Demir ve Türev Uludağ / 8 Mart Dünya Kadınlar Günü. [Video]. Youtube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=64e8Qs1KaDY
  • Braun, E. (2008). City Marketing: Towards an integrated approach. Rotterdam, the Netherlands: Erasmus Research Institute of Management (ERIM) .
  • Charter, M., Peattie, K., Ottman, J., & Polonsky, M.J., (2002, April). Marketing and sustainability, published by: Centre for Business Relationships, Accountability, Sustainability and Society (BRASS), in association with The Centre for Sustainable Design2
  • Covin, J. G., & Slevin, D. P. (1988). The influence of organization structure on the utility of an entrepreneurial top management style. Journal of Management Studies, 25(3), 217–259.
  • Çelebi, D., (2021). Social entrepteneurship in gastronomy industry: a holistic approach, Yaşar Üniversitesi, İşletme Yönetimi Doktora Programı, Doktora Tezi.
  • Çımat, A., & Bahar, O. (2003). Turizm sektörünün Türkiye ekonomisi içindeki yeri ve önemi üzerine bir değerlendirme. Akdeniz İ.İ.B.F. Dergisi, (6) 2003, 1-18
  • Demir, E. B. (2022, a). Türk tarımına umut oldu/ Mardinli Ebru Baybara Demir, Pazar atıklarıyla toprağı iyileştiriyor. [Video]. Youtube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eng0-c2zSA4
  • Demir, E. B. (2022, b). 3. Global Gastroekonomi Zirvesi-İstanbul. [Video]. Youtube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E6xgeATT2XY
  • Demir, E. B. (2021, a). Dünyanın en iyi 10 şefi arasında / Mardinli Ebru Baybara Demir’in film gibi hikayesi. [Video]. Youtube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ClF153ROSRc
  • Demir, E. B. (2021, b). Kadınların tarımdaki rolü ve etkisi / Tarım ajandası. [Video]. Youtube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qg8-qLEvjNU
  • Demir, E. B. (2019). TMK Talks- Türkiye’nin mühendis kızları. [Video]. Youtube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iFdBvkJgf1Q
  • Demir, E. B. (2017). Yola çıktım Mardin’e [Video]. TedxReset, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gDVJ47KYXBw
  • Denzin, N. K., & Lincoln, Y. S. (2000). Handbook of qualitative research. (Second Edition). California: Sage Publication.
  • Dernek, Z. (2006). Cumhuriyet’in Kuruluşundan Günümüze Tarımsal Gelişmeler, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 1(1), 1-12.
  • Eroğlu, N. (2007). Atatürk dönemi iktisat politikaları, Marmara Üniversitesi, İ.İ.B.F. Dergisi, 23(2).
  • Eryılmaz, G. A., & Kılıç, O. (2018). Türkiye’de Sürdürülebilir Tarım ve İyi Tarım Uygulamaları, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi, 21(4), 624-631.
  • Evcin, E., (2014, Güz). Türkiye cumhuriyeti’nin ilk yıllarında turizm ve tanıtma faaliyetleri, Ankara Üniversitesi Türk İnkılâp Tarihi Enstitüsü Atatürk Yolu Dergisi, (55), s. 23-82
  • Gertner, D., (2011). A (tentative) meta-analysis of the ‘place marketing’ and ‘place branding’ literatüre, Journal of Brand Management, 19(2), 112–131
  • Halme, M., & Korpela, M. (2014). Responsible innovation toward sustainable development in small and medium-sized enterprises: A resource perspective, Business Strategy and the Environment, 23, 547–566.
  • Haugh, H., (2005). A research agenda for social entrepreneurship, Social Enterprise Journal, March, https://ebrubaybarademir.com/kimdir/
  • (https://www.izmiriktisatkongresi.org/)
  • https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Turizm-Istatistikleri-IV.Ceyrek:-Ekim-Aralik-ve-Yillik,-2022-49606)
  • https://cevreselgostergeler.csb.gov.tr/gayri-safi-yurtici-hasilanin-sektorel-dagilimi-i-85707
  • https://noktahaberyorum.com/dunyada-ve-turkiyede-yoksulluk-artiyor.html
  • https://www.tarimorman.gov.tr/SGB/Belgeler/Veriler/GSYH.pdf
  • https://turkiye.un.org/tr/sdgs#
  • Kassarjian, H. H. (1971). Incorporating ecology into marketing strategy: The case of air pollution. Journal of Marketing, 35(3), 61-65.
  • Khefacha, I., & Belkacem, L., (2016). Technology-based ventures and sustainable development: Cointegrating and causal relationships with a panel data approach, The Journal of International Trade & Economic Development, 25, 192–212.
  • Kotler, P. ve Armstrong, G. (2021). Principles of Marketing, 18th Edition, Pearson Education Ltd.
  • Kotler, P., Haider, D., & Rein, I., (1993, Nov/Dec). There is no place like our place! The marketing of cities, regions, and nations. The Futurist, 27(6).
  • Kraus, S., Burtscher, J., Niemand, T., Roig-Tierno, N., & Syrjä, P. (2017). Configurational paths to social performance in SMEs: The interplay of innovation, sustainability, resources and achievement motivation. Sustainability, 9, 1828.
  • Kumar, V., Rahman, Z., Kazmi, A.A., & Praveen Goyal, (2012), Evolution of sustainability as marketing strategy: Beginning of new era, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 37, 482 – 489
  • Kurtoğlu, R. (2017). Şehir pazarlaması ve markalaşması kapsamında Yozgat ilinin turizm potansiyelinin değerlendirilmesi ve öneriler. Turkish Journal of Marketing, 2(1), 1-20.
  • Laeis, G., & Lemke, S. (2016). Social entrepreneurship in tourism: applying sustainable livelihoods approaches. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 28 (6): 1076-1093. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-05-2014-0235
  • Langer, R. (2001). Place Images and Place Marketing. Institut for Interkulturel Kommunikation og Ledelse, IKL. Copenhagen Business School.
  • Mair, J., & Martı, I., (2004). Social entrepreneurship: What are we talking about? A framework for future research. Working Paper, 546, IESE Business School, University of Navarra
  • Mair, J., & E. Noboa. (2006). Social entrepreneurship: How intentions to create a social venture are formed. In Social entrepreneurship, (J. Mair, J.A. Robinson, and K. Hockerts, ed.) 121–35. Basingstoke and New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Obermiller, C., Burke, C., & Atwood, A. (2008). Sustainable business as marketing strategy. Innovative Marketing, 4(3)
  • Örnek, N. (Program Sahibi). (2021- ) Nilay Örnek Soruyor Nasıl Olunur?, 167. Bölüm, Ebru Baybara Demir, [Audio podcast]. Youtube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bVzuUBm1xFY
  • Provasnek, A.K., Schmid, E., Geissler, B., & Steiner, G. (2017). Sustainable Corporate Entrepreneurship: Performance and Strategies Toward Innovation. Bussiness Strategy and the Environment, 26(4), 521–535.
  • Rahdari, A., Sepasi, S., & Moradi, M. (2016). Achieving sustainability through Schumpeterian social entrepreneurship: The role of social enterprises. Journal of Cleaner Production, 137, 347-360.
  • Raimi, L., Akhuemonkhan, I., & Ogunjirin, O.D. (2015). Corporate social responsibility and entrepreneurship (CSRE): Antidotes to poverty, insecurity and underdevelopment in Nigeria. Social Responsibility Journal, 11, 56–81.
  • Ras, P.J., & Vermeulen, W.J. V. (2009). Sustainable production and the performance of South African entrepreneurs in a global supply chain. The case of South African table grape producers. Sustainaible. Develeopment, 17, 325–340.
  • Rey-Martí, A., Díaz-Foncea, M., & Alguacil-Marí, P. (2021). The determinants of social sustainability in work integration social enterprises: the effect of entrepreneurship. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja, 34(1), 929-947.
  • Roberts, D., & Woods, C. (2005). Changing the world on a shoestring: The concept of social entrepreneurship. University of Auckland Business Review, 45–51.
  • Mort, G.S., Weerawardena, J., & Carnegie, K. (2003). Social Entrepreneurship: Toward Conceptualisation. International Journal of Non profit and Voluntary Sector Marketing, 8(1), 76-88.
  • Seelos, C., & Mair, J. (2004). Social entrepreneurship-The contribution of individual entrepreneurs to sustainable development.
  • Simão, L., Lisboa, A., (2017). Green Marketing and Green Brand – The Toyota Case, Procedia Manufacturing 12 (2017) 183 – 194.
  • Szczanowicz, J., & Saniuk, S. (2016). Evaluation and reporting of CSR in SME sector. Management, 96–110
  • Şanlıoğlu, Ö., & Özcan, E. Ö. (2017). Türkiye’de uygulanan turizm teşvik politikaları ve sonuçları üzerine bir değerlendirme. Kırıkkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 7(2), 97-118.
  • Tan, W-L., Williams, J., & Tan, T-M. (2005). Defining the ‘Social’ in ‘Social Entrepreneurship’: Altruism and Entrepreneurship. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal 1, 353–365.
  • Thompson, J.L., G. Alvy, & A. Lees. (2000). Social entrepreneurship – A new look at the people and the potential. Management Decision, 38(5), 328–38.
  • Tien, N. H., Anh, D. B. H., & Ngoc, N. M. (2020). Corporate financial performance due to sustainable development in Vietnam. Corporate social responsibility and environmental management, 27(2), 694-705.
  • Ünlüönen, K., & Tayfun, A. (2009, Kış). Turizmin Türkiye ekonomisindeki yeri. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 8(27), 001-017, ISSN:1304-0278
  • Weerawardena, J., & Mort, G.S. (2006). Investigating social entrepreneurship: A multidimensional model. Journal of World Business, 41(1), 21–35.
  • Wu, G.-C. (2017). Effects of socially responsible supplier development and sustainability-oriented innovation on sustainable development: Empirical evidence from SMEs. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 675, 661–675.
  • Yavuz, A. (2009). Balangıcından Bugüne Türkiye’nin Borçlanma Serüveni: Durum ve Beklentiler. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 2009(20), 203-226.
  • Yıldız, Z. (2011). Turizmin sektörünün gelişimi ve istihdam üzerindeki etkisi. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Vizyoner Dergisi, 3(5), 54-71
  • Yıldırım, A., & Simsek, H. (1999). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri. (1. Baskı). Ankara: Seckin Yayıncılık.
  • Yin, R. K.; (2002) Case study research: Design and methods, 3rd edition, Applied social research method series; v: 5
  • Yücel, A., & Öztürk, M. (2018). Şehir Pazarlaması ve Şehir Markalaşması: Elazığ İli Örneği. Fırat Üniversitesi Harput Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5(1), 77-101.
  • Zahra, S. A., Gedajlovic, E., Neubaum, D. O., & Shulman, J. M. (2009). A typology of social entrepreneurs: Motives, search processes and ethical challenges. Journal of Business Venturing, 24(5), 519-532
  • Zenker , S ., & Braun , E. (2010). Branding a city –A conceptual approach for place branding and place brand management. [Conference presentation]. 39th European Marketing Academy Conference; 1 – 4 June, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Toplam 75 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Ekoloji, Sürdürülebilirlik ve Enerji, Turizm Politikası, Turizm (Diğer)
Bölüm Tüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Behiye Beğendik 0000-0002-7615-2049

Yayımlanma Tarihi 29 Ekim 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 31 Ağustos 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 16 Sayı: Türkiye Cumhuriyetinin 100. Yılı Özel Sayısı | Special Issue for the 100th Anniversary of the Republic of Türkiye

Kaynak Göster

APA Beğendik, B. (2023). Cumhuriyet Tarihi Boyunca Mardin İlinin Şehir Pazarlaması ve Sürdürülebilirlik Kavramlarının Gelişimi ve Sosyal Girişimcilik ile İlişkisi. Kent Akademisi, 16(Türkiye Cumhuriyetinin 100. Yılı Özel Sayısı | Special Issue for the 100th Anniversary of the Republic of Türkiye), 407-437. https://doi.org/10.35674/kent.1353538

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