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A Stand Agains The Dark Tourism Understanding: An Evaluation Based Through Experiences

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 18 Sayı: 3, 1365 - 1379
https://doi.org/10.35674/kent.1519186

Öz

The purpose of this research is to first take a stance against the demand for dark tourism areas and then the supply. With this purpose has used the reviews of those visiting the Ulucanlar Prison in Ankara, Türkiye, which was converted into a museum under the same name. In line with the purpose of the research, 345 comments obtained from the Tripadvisor platform were evaluated under the themes of experiences, description of place and transfer of emotions. A discussion was conducted with the support of literature through selected comments presented within the scope of descriptive analysis. Finally, it is accepted that Ulucanlar Prison Museum is a significant dark tourism site for Turkish people, though not for international visitors, and an alternative is presented for the use of this place and other similar places.

Kaynakça

  • Ashworth, G. J. (2002). Holocaust tourism: the experience of Kraków-Kazimierz. International Research in Geographical and Environmental Education, 11(4), 363-367.
  • Ashworth, G., & Hartmann, R. (2005). Introduction: Managing atrocity for tourism. In G. Ashworth, & R. Hartmann (Eds.), Horror and human tragedy revisited: The management of sites of atrocities for tourism (pp. 1-14). New York: Cognizant Communication Corporation.
  • Ashworth, G. J. & Isaac, R. K. (2015). Have we illuminated the dark? Shifting perspectives on ‘dark’ tourism, Tourism Recreation Research, 40(3), 316-325.
  • Biran, A., & Hyde, K. F. (2013). New perspectives on dark tourism. International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research, 7(3), 191-198.
  • Biran, A., Poria, Y., & Oren, G. (2011). Sought experiences at dark heritage sites. Annals of Tourism Research, 38(3), 820-841.
  • Bowman, M. S., & Pezzullo, P. C. (2009). What’s so ‘dark’ about ‘dark tourism’?: Death, tours, and performance. Tourist Studies, 9(3), 187-202.
  • Buda, D. M., & McIntosh, A. J. (2013). Dark tourism and voyeurism: tourist arrested for “spying” in Iran. International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research, 7(3), 214-226.
  • Collins-Kreiner, C. (2016). Dark tourism as/is pilgrimage. Current Issues in Tourism, 19(12), 1185-1189.
  • Çelik, F. (2022). Panoptik sonrası dünyada küresel hegemonyanın sosyal medya üzerinden değerlendirilmesi: Donald Trump vakasının betimsel analizi (Evaluation of global hegemony in the post-panoptic world on social media: A descriptive analysis of the Donald Trump case). Yeni Medya, 13, 229-246.
  • Dann, G. M. S. (2005). Children of the dark. In G. J. Ashworth & R. Hartmann (Eds.), Horror and human tragedy revisited: The management of sites of atrocities for tourism (pp. 233–252). New York: Cognizant.
  • Dann, G. M. S. & Seaton A. V. (2001). Introduction. In G. M. S. Dann & A. V. Seaton (Eds.), Slavery, Contested Heritage and Thanatourism (pp. 1-30). New York: Haworth Hospitality Press.
  • Dunkley, R., Morgan, N., & Westwood, S. (2011). Visiting the trenches: Exploring meanings and motivations in battlefield tourism. Tourism management, 32(4), 860-868.
  • Durkin, K. (2003). Death, dying and the dead in popular culture. In C. D. Bryant (Ed.), The handbook of death of dying (pp. 43-49). New York: Sage.
  • Farmaki, A. (2013). Dark tourism revisited: a supply/demand conceptualization. International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research, 7(3), 281-292.
  • Friedrich, M., & Johnston, T. (2013). Beauty versus tragedy: thanatourism and the memorialisation of the 1994 Rwandan Genocide. Journal of Tourism and Cultural Change, 11(4), 302-320.
  • Foley M., & Lennon J. J. (1996). JFK and dark tourism: Heart of darkness. Journal of International Heritage Studies, 2(4), 198-211.
  • Fonseca, A. P., Seabra, C., & Silva, C. (2015). Dark tourism: Concepts, typologies and sites. Journal of Tourism Research & Hospitality. 2, 1-6.
  • Goldstein, J. H. (1998). Why we watch: The attractions of violent entertainment. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Hartmann, R., Lennon, J. J., Reynolds, D. P., Rice, A., Rosenbaum, A. T. & Stone P. R. (2018) The history of dark tourism. Journal of Tourism History, 10(3), 269-295.
  • Kang, E. J., Scott, N., Lee, T. J. & Ballantyne, R. (2012). Benefits of visiting a dark tourism site: the case of the Jeju April 3rd Peace Park, Korea. Tourism Management, 33(2), 257-265.
  • Korstanje, M. (2015). The anthropology of dark tourism, exploring the contradictions of capitalism. Centre for Ethnicity & Racism Studies.
  • Korstanje, M. E., & Ivanov, S. H. (2012). Tourism as a form of new psychological resilience: The inception of dark tourism. CULTUr-revista de Cultura e Turismo, 6(4), 56-71.
  • Kottler, J. A. (2011). The lust for blood: Why we are fascinated by death, murder, horror, and violence. New York: Prometheus Books.
  • Kurtuluş, E. (2022). Schadenfreude: Başkasının Talihsizliğinden Duyulan Keyif, Tiffany Watt Smith (Çev. Nüvit Bingöl, Kolektif Kitap, 2021). Üsküdar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 14, 151-155.
  • Lennon, J. J. (2017). 'Dark Tourism' Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Criminology and Criminal Justice. https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190264079.013.212
  • Lennon, J. J., & Foley, M. (2000). Dark Tourism: The Attraction of Death and Disaster. London: Continuum.
  • Light, D. (2017). Progress in dark tourism and thanatourism research: An uneasy relationship with heritage tourism. Tourism management, 61, 275-301.
  • Lislei D. (2004) Gazing at Ground Zero: Tourism, Voyeurism and Spectacle. Journal for Cultural Research, 8(1), 3-21.
  • Miles, S. (2014). Battlefield sites as dark tourism attractions: an analysis of experience. Journal of Heritage Tourism, 9(2), 134-147.
  • Podoshen, J. S. (2013). Dark tourism motivations: Simulation, emotional contagion and topographic comparison. Tourism management, 35, 263-271.
  • Podoshen, J. S., & Hunt, J. M. (2011). Equity restoration, the Holocaust and tourism of sacred sites. Tourism Management, 32(6), 1332-1342.
  • Raine, R. (2013). A dark tourist spectrum. International Journal of Culture, tourism and hospitality Research, 7(3), 242-256.
  • Robb, E. (2009). Violence and recreation: Vacationing in the realm of dark tourism. Anthropology and Humanism, 34(1), 51-60.
  • Sather-Wagstaff, J. (2011). Heritage that hurts: Tourists in the memoryscapes of September 11. California: Left Coast Press.
  • Seaton, A. V. (2002). Thanatourism’s final frontiers? Visits to cemeteries, churchyards and funerary sites as sacred and secular pilgrimage. Tourism Recreation Research, 27(2), 73- 82.
  • Seaton, A. V. (2009). Thanatourism and its discontents: An appraisal of a decade's work with some future issues and directions. In T. Jamal, & M. Robinson (Eds.), The Sage handbook of tourism studies (pp. 521-542). London: Sage.
  • Seaton, A. V. & Lennon, J. J. (2004). Thanatourism in the Early 21st Century: Moral Panics, Ulterior Motives and Alterior Desires. In T. V. Singh (Ed.), New Horizons in Tourism Strange Experiences and Stranger Practices (pp. 63-82). Cabi Publishing.
  • Sharpley, R. (2005). Travels to the edge of darkness: Towards a typology of dark tourism’. In C. Ryan, S. Page, & M. Aitken (Eds.), Taking tourism to the limits: Issues, concepts and managerial perspectives (pp. 217-228). Oxford: Elsevier.
  • Sharpley, R. (2009). Shedding light on dark tourism: An introduction. In R. Sharpley, & P. R. Stone (Eds.), The darker side of travel: The theory and practice of dark tourism (pp. 3-22). Bristol: Channel View.
  • Sharpley, R. & Stone, P. R. (2009). Life, death and dark tourism: future research directions and Concluding Comments. In R. Sharpley, & P. R. Stone (Eds.), The darker side of travel: The theory and practice of dark tourism (pp. 247-251). Bristol: Channel View.
  • Simone-Charteris, M. T. & Boyd, S. (2010). Developing dark and political tourism in Northern Ireland: An industry perspective. In G. Gorham & Z. Mottiar (Eds.), Contemporary Issues in Irish and Global Tourism and Hospitality (pp. 106-123). Dublin: Dublin Institute of Technology.
  • Slade, P. (2003). Gallipoli thanatourism: The meaning of ANZAC. Annals of Tourism Research, 30(4), 779–794.
  • Smith, N., & Croy, W. G. (2005). Presentation of dark tourism: Te Wairoa, the Buried Village. In C. Ryan, S. Page, & M. Aicken (Eds.), Taking tourism to the limits: Issues, concepts and managerial perspectives (pp. 199–213). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
  • Stone, P. R. (2005). Dark tourism consumption-a call for research. E-Review of Tourism Research (eRTR), 3(5), 109-117.
  • Stone, P. R. (2006). A dark tourism spectrum: Towards a typology of death and macabre related tourist sites, attractions and exhibitions. Tourism: An International Interdisciplinary Journal, 54(2), 145-160.
  • Stone, P. R. (2009). Making Absent Death Present: Consuming Dark Tourism in Contemporary Society. In R. Sharpley & P. R. Stone (Eds.). The darker side of travel: The theory and practice of dark tourism (pp. 23-38). Bristol: Channel View.
  • Stone, P. R. (2012). Dark tourism and significant other death: Towards a model of mortality mediation. Annals of Tourism Research, 39(3), 1565–1587.
  • Stone, P. R. (2013). Dark tourism, heterotopia and post-apocalyptic places: The case of Chernobyl. In L. White, & E. Frew (Eds.), Dark tourism and place identity: Managing and interpreting dark places (pp. 79-93). London: Routledge.
  • Stone, P. R., & Sharpley, R. (2008). Consuming dark tourism: A thanatological perspective. Annals of tourism Research, 35(2), 574-595.
  • Strange C., & Kempa M. (2003). Shades of dark tourism: Alcatraz and Robben Island. Annals of Tourism Research, 30(2), 386-405.
  • Walter, T. (2009). Dark tourism: mediating between the dead and the living. In R. Sharpley & P. R. Stone (Eds.), The Darker Side of Travel: The Theory and Practice of Dark Tourism (pp. 39-55). Bristol: Channel View.
  • White, L. & Frew E. (2013). Dark Tourism: place and identity: managing and interpreting dark places. London: Routledge.
  • Wight, A. C. (2005). Philosophical and methodological praxes in dark tourism: Controversy, contention and the evolving paradigm. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 12(2), 119-129.
  • Wight, A. C. (2009). Contested national tragedies: An ethical dimension. The darker side of travel: The theory and practice of dark tourism, 129-144.

Hüzün Turizmi Anlayışına Karşı Duruş: Deneyimlere Dayalı Bir Değerlendirme

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 18 Sayı: 3, 1365 - 1379
https://doi.org/10.35674/kent.1519186

Öz

Bu araştırmanın amacı hüzün turizm alanlarına yönelik önce talebe ardından arza yönelik karşı bir duruş sergilemektir. Bu amaçla Ankara'da aynı adla müzeye dönüştürülen Ulucanlar Cezaevi'ni ziyaret edenlerin yorumlarından yararlanılmıştır. Araştırmanın amacı doğrultusunda Tripadvisor platformundan elde edilen 345 yorum; deneyimler, mekân tanımlanması ve duygu aktarımı temaları altında değerlendirilmiştir. Betimsel analiz kapsamında sunulan seçilmiş yorumlar üzerinden literatür desteğiyle tartışma yürütülmüştür. Son olarak Ulucanlar Cezaevi Müzesi'nin uluslararası ziyaretçiler için olmasa da Türk halkı için önemli bir hüzün turizm alanı olduğu kabul edilerek bu ve benzeri mekanların kullanımına alternatif sunulmuştur.

Kaynakça

  • Ashworth, G. J. (2002). Holocaust tourism: the experience of Kraków-Kazimierz. International Research in Geographical and Environmental Education, 11(4), 363-367.
  • Ashworth, G., & Hartmann, R. (2005). Introduction: Managing atrocity for tourism. In G. Ashworth, & R. Hartmann (Eds.), Horror and human tragedy revisited: The management of sites of atrocities for tourism (pp. 1-14). New York: Cognizant Communication Corporation.
  • Ashworth, G. J. & Isaac, R. K. (2015). Have we illuminated the dark? Shifting perspectives on ‘dark’ tourism, Tourism Recreation Research, 40(3), 316-325.
  • Biran, A., & Hyde, K. F. (2013). New perspectives on dark tourism. International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research, 7(3), 191-198.
  • Biran, A., Poria, Y., & Oren, G. (2011). Sought experiences at dark heritage sites. Annals of Tourism Research, 38(3), 820-841.
  • Bowman, M. S., & Pezzullo, P. C. (2009). What’s so ‘dark’ about ‘dark tourism’?: Death, tours, and performance. Tourist Studies, 9(3), 187-202.
  • Buda, D. M., & McIntosh, A. J. (2013). Dark tourism and voyeurism: tourist arrested for “spying” in Iran. International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research, 7(3), 214-226.
  • Collins-Kreiner, C. (2016). Dark tourism as/is pilgrimage. Current Issues in Tourism, 19(12), 1185-1189.
  • Çelik, F. (2022). Panoptik sonrası dünyada küresel hegemonyanın sosyal medya üzerinden değerlendirilmesi: Donald Trump vakasının betimsel analizi (Evaluation of global hegemony in the post-panoptic world on social media: A descriptive analysis of the Donald Trump case). Yeni Medya, 13, 229-246.
  • Dann, G. M. S. (2005). Children of the dark. In G. J. Ashworth & R. Hartmann (Eds.), Horror and human tragedy revisited: The management of sites of atrocities for tourism (pp. 233–252). New York: Cognizant.
  • Dann, G. M. S. & Seaton A. V. (2001). Introduction. In G. M. S. Dann & A. V. Seaton (Eds.), Slavery, Contested Heritage and Thanatourism (pp. 1-30). New York: Haworth Hospitality Press.
  • Dunkley, R., Morgan, N., & Westwood, S. (2011). Visiting the trenches: Exploring meanings and motivations in battlefield tourism. Tourism management, 32(4), 860-868.
  • Durkin, K. (2003). Death, dying and the dead in popular culture. In C. D. Bryant (Ed.), The handbook of death of dying (pp. 43-49). New York: Sage.
  • Farmaki, A. (2013). Dark tourism revisited: a supply/demand conceptualization. International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research, 7(3), 281-292.
  • Friedrich, M., & Johnston, T. (2013). Beauty versus tragedy: thanatourism and the memorialisation of the 1994 Rwandan Genocide. Journal of Tourism and Cultural Change, 11(4), 302-320.
  • Foley M., & Lennon J. J. (1996). JFK and dark tourism: Heart of darkness. Journal of International Heritage Studies, 2(4), 198-211.
  • Fonseca, A. P., Seabra, C., & Silva, C. (2015). Dark tourism: Concepts, typologies and sites. Journal of Tourism Research & Hospitality. 2, 1-6.
  • Goldstein, J. H. (1998). Why we watch: The attractions of violent entertainment. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Hartmann, R., Lennon, J. J., Reynolds, D. P., Rice, A., Rosenbaum, A. T. & Stone P. R. (2018) The history of dark tourism. Journal of Tourism History, 10(3), 269-295.
  • Kang, E. J., Scott, N., Lee, T. J. & Ballantyne, R. (2012). Benefits of visiting a dark tourism site: the case of the Jeju April 3rd Peace Park, Korea. Tourism Management, 33(2), 257-265.
  • Korstanje, M. (2015). The anthropology of dark tourism, exploring the contradictions of capitalism. Centre for Ethnicity & Racism Studies.
  • Korstanje, M. E., & Ivanov, S. H. (2012). Tourism as a form of new psychological resilience: The inception of dark tourism. CULTUr-revista de Cultura e Turismo, 6(4), 56-71.
  • Kottler, J. A. (2011). The lust for blood: Why we are fascinated by death, murder, horror, and violence. New York: Prometheus Books.
  • Kurtuluş, E. (2022). Schadenfreude: Başkasının Talihsizliğinden Duyulan Keyif, Tiffany Watt Smith (Çev. Nüvit Bingöl, Kolektif Kitap, 2021). Üsküdar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 14, 151-155.
  • Lennon, J. J. (2017). 'Dark Tourism' Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Criminology and Criminal Justice. https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190264079.013.212
  • Lennon, J. J., & Foley, M. (2000). Dark Tourism: The Attraction of Death and Disaster. London: Continuum.
  • Light, D. (2017). Progress in dark tourism and thanatourism research: An uneasy relationship with heritage tourism. Tourism management, 61, 275-301.
  • Lislei D. (2004) Gazing at Ground Zero: Tourism, Voyeurism and Spectacle. Journal for Cultural Research, 8(1), 3-21.
  • Miles, S. (2014). Battlefield sites as dark tourism attractions: an analysis of experience. Journal of Heritage Tourism, 9(2), 134-147.
  • Podoshen, J. S. (2013). Dark tourism motivations: Simulation, emotional contagion and topographic comparison. Tourism management, 35, 263-271.
  • Podoshen, J. S., & Hunt, J. M. (2011). Equity restoration, the Holocaust and tourism of sacred sites. Tourism Management, 32(6), 1332-1342.
  • Raine, R. (2013). A dark tourist spectrum. International Journal of Culture, tourism and hospitality Research, 7(3), 242-256.
  • Robb, E. (2009). Violence and recreation: Vacationing in the realm of dark tourism. Anthropology and Humanism, 34(1), 51-60.
  • Sather-Wagstaff, J. (2011). Heritage that hurts: Tourists in the memoryscapes of September 11. California: Left Coast Press.
  • Seaton, A. V. (2002). Thanatourism’s final frontiers? Visits to cemeteries, churchyards and funerary sites as sacred and secular pilgrimage. Tourism Recreation Research, 27(2), 73- 82.
  • Seaton, A. V. (2009). Thanatourism and its discontents: An appraisal of a decade's work with some future issues and directions. In T. Jamal, & M. Robinson (Eds.), The Sage handbook of tourism studies (pp. 521-542). London: Sage.
  • Seaton, A. V. & Lennon, J. J. (2004). Thanatourism in the Early 21st Century: Moral Panics, Ulterior Motives and Alterior Desires. In T. V. Singh (Ed.), New Horizons in Tourism Strange Experiences and Stranger Practices (pp. 63-82). Cabi Publishing.
  • Sharpley, R. (2005). Travels to the edge of darkness: Towards a typology of dark tourism’. In C. Ryan, S. Page, & M. Aitken (Eds.), Taking tourism to the limits: Issues, concepts and managerial perspectives (pp. 217-228). Oxford: Elsevier.
  • Sharpley, R. (2009). Shedding light on dark tourism: An introduction. In R. Sharpley, & P. R. Stone (Eds.), The darker side of travel: The theory and practice of dark tourism (pp. 3-22). Bristol: Channel View.
  • Sharpley, R. & Stone, P. R. (2009). Life, death and dark tourism: future research directions and Concluding Comments. In R. Sharpley, & P. R. Stone (Eds.), The darker side of travel: The theory and practice of dark tourism (pp. 247-251). Bristol: Channel View.
  • Simone-Charteris, M. T. & Boyd, S. (2010). Developing dark and political tourism in Northern Ireland: An industry perspective. In G. Gorham & Z. Mottiar (Eds.), Contemporary Issues in Irish and Global Tourism and Hospitality (pp. 106-123). Dublin: Dublin Institute of Technology.
  • Slade, P. (2003). Gallipoli thanatourism: The meaning of ANZAC. Annals of Tourism Research, 30(4), 779–794.
  • Smith, N., & Croy, W. G. (2005). Presentation of dark tourism: Te Wairoa, the Buried Village. In C. Ryan, S. Page, & M. Aicken (Eds.), Taking tourism to the limits: Issues, concepts and managerial perspectives (pp. 199–213). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
  • Stone, P. R. (2005). Dark tourism consumption-a call for research. E-Review of Tourism Research (eRTR), 3(5), 109-117.
  • Stone, P. R. (2006). A dark tourism spectrum: Towards a typology of death and macabre related tourist sites, attractions and exhibitions. Tourism: An International Interdisciplinary Journal, 54(2), 145-160.
  • Stone, P. R. (2009). Making Absent Death Present: Consuming Dark Tourism in Contemporary Society. In R. Sharpley & P. R. Stone (Eds.). The darker side of travel: The theory and practice of dark tourism (pp. 23-38). Bristol: Channel View.
  • Stone, P. R. (2012). Dark tourism and significant other death: Towards a model of mortality mediation. Annals of Tourism Research, 39(3), 1565–1587.
  • Stone, P. R. (2013). Dark tourism, heterotopia and post-apocalyptic places: The case of Chernobyl. In L. White, & E. Frew (Eds.), Dark tourism and place identity: Managing and interpreting dark places (pp. 79-93). London: Routledge.
  • Stone, P. R., & Sharpley, R. (2008). Consuming dark tourism: A thanatological perspective. Annals of tourism Research, 35(2), 574-595.
  • Strange C., & Kempa M. (2003). Shades of dark tourism: Alcatraz and Robben Island. Annals of Tourism Research, 30(2), 386-405.
  • Walter, T. (2009). Dark tourism: mediating between the dead and the living. In R. Sharpley & P. R. Stone (Eds.), The Darker Side of Travel: The Theory and Practice of Dark Tourism (pp. 39-55). Bristol: Channel View.
  • White, L. & Frew E. (2013). Dark Tourism: place and identity: managing and interpreting dark places. London: Routledge.
  • Wight, A. C. (2005). Philosophical and methodological praxes in dark tourism: Controversy, contention and the evolving paradigm. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 12(2), 119-129.
  • Wight, A. C. (2009). Contested national tragedies: An ethical dimension. The darker side of travel: The theory and practice of dark tourism, 129-144.
Toplam 54 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Çevre ve Kültür, Kültürel çalışmalar (Diğer), Kültür Coğrafyası, Kültürel Miras, Arşiv ve Müze Çalışmaları (Diğer)
Bölüm Tüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Cemile Bahtiyar Karadeniz 0000-0002-3902-5251

Koray Genç 0000-0001-5477-4683

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 30 Mart 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi
Gönderilme Tarihi 19 Temmuz 2024
Kabul Tarihi 13 Mart 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 18 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Bahtiyar Karadeniz, C., & Genç, K. (t.y.). A Stand Agains The Dark Tourism Understanding: An Evaluation Based Through Experiences. Kent Akademisi, 18(3), 1365-1379. https://doi.org/10.35674/kent.1519186

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