Ligninin Yaşlandırılmış Bitüm Üzerindeki Etkisinin İncelenmesi

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 4, 1748 - 1757, 15.12.2024

Ömer Genç , Başak Varli Bingöl

https://doi.org/10.31466/kfbd.1458442

Öz

Sürdürülebilirlik dünya genelinde önemsenen bir konudur. Bitüm, ham petrolden elde edilerek, ortam sıcaklığında katı olan, tolüen içerisinde tamamına yakını çözünen, uçucu olmayan, yapışkan formda olup, su yalıtım malzemesi olarak tanımlanır. Asfalt piyasası düşük karbondioksit emisyonu açısından sürdürülebilirliği daha yüksek alternatifler aramaktadır. Bitümün kısmen yerini alabilen alternatif sürdürülebilir bağlayıcıların kullanımı karbondioksit emisyonlarının azaltılmasına katkıda bulunur. Lignin, yeryüzünde en fazla bulunan doğal polimerlerden birisidir. Rolü, bitki hücrelerinde, çeper maddesi olan kimyasal bileşenleri matris yapı içinde bir arada tutmak ve direnç sağlamaktır Kâğıt hamuru üretimi sonrası milyonlarca ton lignin açığa çıkmakta, bunlar atık olarak görülmektedir. Depolimerize olan fraksiyonlar, yapılarındaki toksik kimyasal yapılardan dolayı önemli çevre sorunlarına sebep olmaktadır. Çalışma kapsamında laboratuvar ortamında kısa dönem yaşlandırılmış bitüm, ağırlığınca %15 ve %20 oranlarında lignin eklenmesiyle modifiye edilmiş, reolojik etkisinin belirlenmesi için geleneksel Penetrasyon ve Süneklik Deneyleri yapılarak ve Taramalı Elektron Mikroskobu (SEM) görüntüleri analiz edilmiştir. Bununla beraber lignin kullanımının etkin oranının belirlenmesi hedeflenmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular, lignin kullanımının artmasıyla, gerek penetrasyon gerekse de süneklik testlerinde, bitümde sertleşme oranını arttırdığını göstermiştir. Ayrıca, SEM verilerine dayanarak, lignin parçacıklarının yüzeyi düzensiz moleküller olduğu ve bitüm içerisinde homojen dağıldığı gözlenmiştir. Fakat, kullanım oranının artması ile lignin parçacıkları bitüm içerisindeki dağılımı düzensizleşmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Sürdürülebilirlik, Lignin modifiyeli bitüm, Bitüm mikroyapısı

Investigation of the Effect of Lignin on Aged Bitumen

Öz

Globally, sustainability is an important issue. Bitumen is obtained from crude oil, is solid at ambient temperature, almost completely soluble in toluene, is in a non-volatile, sticky form, and is defined as a waterproofing material. In terms of low carbon dioxide emissions, the asphalt industry is looking for more sustainable options. Lignin is one of the most common natural polymers on earth. Its role is to hold the chemical components, which is the wall material, together in the matrix structure in plant cells and to provide resistance. Millions of tons of lignin are released after pulp production which is considered waste material. Depolymerized fractions cause significant environmental problems due to toxic chemical structures. In this study, short-term aged bitumen was modified by lignin at the rates of 15% and 20% to bitumen weight, and conventional Penetration Test, Ductility Test, and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis were carried out to determine the rheological effect. In addition, it was aimed at determining the effective rate of lignin usage. In conclusion, the current research aimed to demonstrate that lignin, as a value-added modifier, is a promising solution with both environmental and engineering values. Also, as the lignin rate increased, the hardening rate of short-term aged bitumen increased in both penetration and ductility tests. Furthermore, SEM data revealed that particles with irregular surfaces are homogeneously distributed in aged bitumen. However, with the increase in usage rate, the distribution of lignin particles in bitumen became irregular.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Sustainability, Lignin modified bitumen, Bitumen microstructure

Kaynakça

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