Araştırma Makalesi

Lahor, Şam ve İstanbul Hattında Ekberî-Müceddidî Sûfî: Alîmullah Lâhûrî ve Eserleri

Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1 15 Haziran 2023
PDF İndir
EN TR

Akbarī-Mujaddidī Sūfī In Lahore, Sham and Istanbul Line: Alīmullāh Lāhūrī And His Works

Abstract

The first period of Sufism, which deals with the change in morality, has turned into a metaphysical understanding that deals with the proposition "being qua being is Haq" together with Muhyī al-Dīn Ibn al-‘Arabī (d. 638/1240) and Sadr al-Dīn Qunawī (d. 673/1274). This existence-centered understanding of Sufism has been named by the followers and critics of Ibn al-‘Arabī as the idea of waḥdah al-wujūd (unity of existence). The idea of waḥdah al-wujūd, which is mentioned in relation to Ibn al-‘Arabī, has been criticized by Sūfīs and other ulamā. Imām Rabbānī (d. 1034/1624) was the most prominent name among the Sūfīs with his criticisms of Ibn al-‘Arabī. The idea of waḥdah al-shuhūd (unity of vision), created by Imām Rabbānī based on his criticism of waḥdah al-wujūd, also formed a tradition, and the comparison of waḥdah al-wujūd and waḥdah al-shuhūd has become the hallmark of this tradition. Another name among the followers of Imām Rabbānī who reconsidered his criticism of waḥdah al-wujūd is Alīmullāh Lāhūrī. Alīmullāh Lāhūrī, said that he is separated from his predecessors Khwāje Muhammad Parsā (d. 822/1420), Mullā Jāmī (d. 898/1492) and Ubayd Allāh Ahrār (d. 895/1490), who defended the idea of waḥdah al-wujūd in the Naqshbandī sect of which Alīmullāh Lāhūrī was a member. Alīmullāh Lāhūrī claimed that waḥdah al-shuhūd represents the outward (zāhir) and waḥdah al-wujūd represents the inward (bātin), and like his contemporary Shah Walī Allah Dihlawī (d. 1176/1762), he decided that it would be better to combine waḥdah al-wujūd and waḥdah al-shuhūd. Alīmullāh Lāhūrī on which no study has been done until today was born in Lahore, as can be understood from his nisba. He studied in Lahore from Nasr al-Haq Qādirī and Abu al-Fath Muhammad Afdalshah al-Mantıqī language, logic and philosophy by reading the books like Qutb al-Dīn Rāzī’s (d. 766/1365) Sharh al-Shamsiyya and Dawwānī's (d. 908/1502) Sharh al-Tahzīb with their annotations. Again while in Lahore, he read Masnawī from Abd al-Karīm Uwaysī and joined the Naqshbandī sect as a follower of Mirzā Jamīl Beg Peshāwarī, whose lineage reached Imām Rabbānī through Ādam Banūrī. He learned hadith from Hayāt al-Sindī (d. 1163/1750), who migrated from Lahore to Hijaz. Alīmullāh Lāhūrī came from Hijāz to Damascus and from there to Istanbul. He wrote thirteen large and small works on the theoretical issues of Sūfism and three treatises on the issues of sayr al sulūk while he was living in Istanbul and later in Damascus, where he returned and lived until the end of his life. Alīmullāh Lāhūrī, who was also a member of the Shuttāriyya and Chishtiyya orders, trained caliphs in the Naqshbandī order while he was in Damascus. Alī Bahjat Efendi (d. 1238/1822), whose lineage reached Alīmullāh Lāhūrī, referred to Alīmullāh Lāhūrī as “the person who is well-known in tawhīd, the only one in yaqîn (certain knowledge) secrets of the time, the person who spread the Naqshbandī sect in Sham and brought many people to the level of guidance” demonstrates his effectiveness in Damascus. The fact that Shaykh al-Islām Abū Ishaqzāda Asad Efendi (d. 1166/1753), for himself, copied his work Futūhāt al-unsiyya fī tahqīq rumūz al-sūfiyya, which Alīmullāh Lāhūrī wrote in Istanbul. Dedicating his Persian work named Taqdīs al-Rahmān bi taqyīd an al-zamān wa al-makān to Grand Vizier Sayyid Abdullāh Pasha (d. 1174/1761), stating that he attended the lectures of Istanbul scholars and copyrighting his voluminous works in Istanbul, demonstrates his effectiveness in Istanbul. It is possible to define Alīmullāh Lāhūrī as an Akbarī-Mujaddidī Sūfī who conveyed his scientific-mystical knowledge, which he gained in Lahore and Hijaz, to Damascus and Istanbul with copyright, education and guidance. In this article, Alīmullāh Lāhūrī's teachers, sheikhs, his journeys, his Mujaddidī silsilah, his Sūfī thought, his caliphs and his works, all of which are in writing, are examined for the first time. In the research, Silk al-Durar of Muhammad Halīl al-Murādī (d. 1206/1791) the contemporary of Lāhūrī, was used as the primary source. In this work, Murādī gives information about Lāhūrī's education, his travels, his lodge in Damascus and his activities. The works of Lāhūrī, which Murādī did not mention in Silk al-Durar, were identified as a result of library scans. In the article, the works of Lāhūrī were introduced, and the information he gave about himself in his works was confirmed by comparing them with what Murādī conveyed.

Keywords

Tasawwuf , Akbariyya , Mujaddidiyya , Alīmullāh Lāhūrī , Manuscripts

Kaynakça

  1. Abdürrezzâk Baytâr. Hilyetü’l-beşer fî târihi’l-karni’s-sâlisi’l-aşer, thk. Muhammed Behcet Baytâr. Beyrut: Dâru Sadr, 1993.
  2. Ali Behcet Efendi. Risâle-i Ubeydiyye-i Nakşbendiyye. İstanbul: Matbaa-i Âmire, h. 1260.
  3. Alîmullah Lâhûrî. Takdîsu’r-Rahmân bi’t-takyîd ani’z-zamân ve’l-mekân -Farsça-. İstanbul: Süleymaniye Kütüphanesi, Nuruosmaniye, 4926/1b-60b.
  4. Alîmullah Lâhûrî. el-Futûhâtu’l-ünsiyye fî tahkîki rumûzi’s-sûfiyye. İstanbul: Süleymaniye Kütüphanesi, Kılıç Ali Paşa, 617/1b-146b.
  5. Alîmullah Lâhûrî. el-Futûhâtü’l-ünsiyye fî tahkîki rumûzi’s-sûfiyye [II]. Medine: Arif Hikmet Kütüphanesi, nr. 377/8a-18a.
  6. Alîmullah Lâhûrî. Takdîsu’r-Rahmân bi’t-takyîd ani’z-zamân ve’l-mekân -Arapça-. İstanbul: Beyazıt Kütüphanesi, Veliyyüddin Efendi, 1562/18b-62a.
  7. Alîmullah Lâhûrî. Risâle fî vahdeti’l-vücûd. Mısır: Ezheriyye Kütüphanesi, 46127/8a-15b.
  8. Alîmullah Lâhûrî. Risâle fî ‘eyne kâne’l-vücûd kable îcâdi’l-mevcûd?’. Mısır: Ezheriyye Kütüphanesi, 46127/16a-24a.
  9. Alîmullah Lâhûrî. Risâletün fi’l-kader. Mısır: Ezheriyye Kütüphanesi, 46127/46b.
  10. Alîmullah Lâhûrî. Risâle fi’l-kelâm fî kavli İbni’l-Arabî: el-abdu hakkun ve’r-Rabbu hakkun. Mısır: Ezheriyye Kütüphanesi, 46127/60a-62b. 18b-62a.

Kaynak Göster

APA
Musahanlı, O. (2023). Lahor, Şam ve İstanbul Hattında Ekberî-Müceddidî Sûfî: Alîmullah Lâhûrî ve Eserleri. Kocatepe İslami İlimler Dergisi, 6(1), 203-225. https://doi.org/10.52637/kiid.1272768
AMA
1.Musahanlı O. Lahor, Şam ve İstanbul Hattında Ekberî-Müceddidî Sûfî: Alîmullah Lâhûrî ve Eserleri. Kocatepe İslami İlimler Dergisi. 2023;6(1):203-225. doi:10.52637/kiid.1272768
Chicago
Musahanlı, Orhan. 2023. “Lahor, Şam ve İstanbul Hattında Ekberî-Müceddidî Sûfî: Alîmullah Lâhûrî ve Eserleri”. Kocatepe İslami İlimler Dergisi 6 (1): 203-25. https://doi.org/10.52637/kiid.1272768.
EndNote
Musahanlı O (01 Haziran 2023) Lahor, Şam ve İstanbul Hattında Ekberî-Müceddidî Sûfî: Alîmullah Lâhûrî ve Eserleri. Kocatepe İslami İlimler Dergisi 6 1 203–225.
IEEE
[1]O. Musahanlı, “Lahor, Şam ve İstanbul Hattında Ekberî-Müceddidî Sûfî: Alîmullah Lâhûrî ve Eserleri”, Kocatepe İslami İlimler Dergisi, c. 6, sy 1, ss. 203–225, Haz. 2023, doi: 10.52637/kiid.1272768.
ISNAD
Musahanlı, Orhan. “Lahor, Şam ve İstanbul Hattında Ekberî-Müceddidî Sûfî: Alîmullah Lâhûrî ve Eserleri”. Kocatepe İslami İlimler Dergisi 6/1 (01 Haziran 2023): 203-225. https://doi.org/10.52637/kiid.1272768.
JAMA
1.Musahanlı O. Lahor, Şam ve İstanbul Hattında Ekberî-Müceddidî Sûfî: Alîmullah Lâhûrî ve Eserleri. Kocatepe İslami İlimler Dergisi. 2023;6:203–225.
MLA
Musahanlı, Orhan. “Lahor, Şam ve İstanbul Hattında Ekberî-Müceddidî Sûfî: Alîmullah Lâhûrî ve Eserleri”. Kocatepe İslami İlimler Dergisi, c. 6, sy 1, Haziran 2023, ss. 203-25, doi:10.52637/kiid.1272768.
Vancouver
1.Orhan Musahanlı. Lahor, Şam ve İstanbul Hattında Ekberî-Müceddidî Sûfî: Alîmullah Lâhûrî ve Eserleri. Kocatepe İslami İlimler Dergisi. 01 Haziran 2023;6(1):203-25. doi:10.52637/kiid.1272768