Epistemology: Who Needs It?

Yıl 2015, Sayı: 3 - 2015, 1 - 15, 30.09.2015

Susan Haack

Öz

Epistemology: Who Needs It?

Anahtar Kelimeler

epistemology

Kaynakça

• Donald Rumsfeld (Secretary of Defense under President George W. Bush), Department of Defense news briefing, February 12, 2002.
• “Rumsfeld’s Unknown Unknowns Take Prize,” http://www.buzzle.com. editorials/12-1-03-48150.asp (last visited January 4th, 2011).
• John Stuart Mill, A System of Logic, Ratiocinative and Inductive, Being a Connected View of the Principles of Evidence and the Methods of Scientific Investigation (1843; 8th ed., London: Longman, 1970), p. 5.
• Richard Rorty, “Trotsky and the Wild Orchids,” Common Knowledge 1, no.3 (1992): 140-53, p. 141.
• Richard Rorty, “Science as Solidarity,” in John S. Nelson, Allan Megill, and Donald M. McCloskey, eds., The Rhetoric of the Human Sciences (Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press, 1987), 38-52, pp. 44, 40, 45.
• Jonathan Rauch, Kindly Inquisitors: The New Attacks on Free Thought (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1993), p. 35.
• W. K. Clifford, “The Ethics of Belief” (1876), in Timothy J. Madigan, ed., The Ethics of Belief and Other Essays (Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books, 1999), 70-96, p. 77.
• Percy W. Bridgman, “The Struggle for Intellectual Integrity” (1933), in Bridgman, Reflections of a Physicist (New York: Philosophical Library, 1955), 361-79, p. 368.
• Scott Turow, Reversible Errors (New York: Warner Vision Books, 2002).
• Michael Frayn, Headlong (New York: Picador), 1999.
• Arthur Hailey, Strong Medicine (London: Pan Books, 1984).
• Nicholas Rescher, The Strife of Systems (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1985), p. 3.
• DNA evidence indicates that some male of the Jefferson family was the father of one of these children. William G. Hyland, In Defense of Thomas Jefferson: The Sally Hemings Sex Scandal (New York: Thomas Dunne Books, 2009).
• Susan Haack, Evidence and Inquiry (1993); 2nd, expanded ed. (Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books, 2009).
• The tragic story is told in Trent D. Stephens and Rock Brynner, Dark Remedy: The Impact of Thalidomide and Its Revival as a Vital Medicine (Cambridge, MA: Perseus Publishing, 2001).
• Social aspects of the theory presented in Evidence and Inquiry (note 19 above) are developed in my Defending Science—Within Reason: Between Scientism and Cynicism (Amherst, NY:Prometheus Books, 2003), chapter 3.
• Denis Diderot, Addition aux pensées philosophiques (c.1762), in The Oxford Book of Aphorisms, ed. John Gross (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1983), pp .24-5.
• Govind Persad, Alan Wertheimer, and Ezekiel J. Emmanuel, “Principles for Allocation of Scarce Medical Resources,” The Lancet 373 (2009): 432-32.
• Charles H. Henneckens et al., “Self-Reported Breast Implants and Connective Tissue Diseases in Female Health Professionals,” Journal of the American Medical Association 275 (1996): 616-621.
• Claire Bombadier et al., “Comparison of Upper Gastrointestinal Toxicity of Rofecoxib [Vioxx] and Naproxen in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis,” New England Journal of Medicine 343, no.21 (2000): 1520-28. David Armstrong, “How the New England Journal Missed Warning Signs on Vioxx: Medical Journal Waited Years to Report Flaws in Article that Praised Pin Drug,” Wall Street Journal, 11 May 2006, A1, A11.
• Heather Won Tesoriero, “Vioxx Correction May Add Pressure to Merck’s Defense,” Wall Street Journal, 27 June 2006, p. A2.
• Andrew Wakefield et al., “Ileal-lymphoid-nodular Hyperplasia, Non-specific Colitis, and Pervasive Developmental Disorder in Children,” The Lancet 351(February 28th, 1998): 637-41.
• Editors of the British Medical Journal, “Wakefield Article Linking MMR Vaccine and Autism was Fraudulent,” British Medical Journal 342 (2011): 64-6. (After the scare, the incidence of measles rose significantly in the U.K. and the U.S.; I don’t know what happened elsewhere.)
• Brian Deer, “Revealed: MMR Research Scandal,” Times Online (London), February 22, 2004, http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/health/article1027636.ece (last visited January 27, 2011).
• Brian Deer, “How the Case against the MMR Vaccine was Fixed,” British Medical Journal 342 (2011): 77-82.
• Andy Coghlan, “Banned: Doctor Who Linked MMR Vaccine with Autism” New Scientist, 18 (May 24, 2010): 18.
• Editors of The Lancet, “Retraction—Ileal-lymphoid-nodular Hyperplasia, Non-specific Colitis, and Pervasive Developmental Disorder in Children,” The Lancet 375 (2010): 445.
• Paul A. Offit, “Junk Science Isn’t a Victimless Crime,” Wall Street Journal, January 11, 2011, A17.
• Keith Johnson, “Climate Strife Comes to Light,” Wall Street Journal, November 23, 2009, A3.
• Richard S. Lindgren, “The Climate Science Isn’t Settled,” Wall Street Journal, December 1, 2009, A19. Jennifer Corbett Dooren and Alicia Mundy, “Implants, Cancer May be Linked,” Wall Street Journal, January 27, 2011, A6.
• David A. Freeman and Philip B. Stark, “The Swine Flu Vaccine and Guillain-Barré Syndrome: A Case Study in Relative Risk and Specific Causation, ”Law and Contemporary Problems 64. no.4 (2001): 49-62, p. 52. National Institute of Medicine, Immunization Safety Review (Washington, D.C., 2004), p.152.
• Thomas L. Hofmeister, “Government Agrees to Compensate Family that Claims Childhood Vaccinations Caused Autism,” Developments in Mental Health Law 27 (2008): 71-3. Three other test cases decided in 2009 held that the evidence showed neither that MMR vaccine causes autism, nor that thimiserol does.