Liberal Multiculturalism: (Multi)Nationalism and the Problem of Minorities- within-Minorities

Yıl 2017, Sayı: 1 - 2017, 19 - 41, 31.01.2017

Aret Karademir

Öz

 In the last quarter of the 20th century, liberal multiculturalism was
born out of individualistic liberalism. Whereas the latter takes as its starting point
the individual, who is supposed to be protected against the intrusions of his/her
culture, nation, or state via individual rights, and who is capable of leaving the
cultural heritage s/he was raised into; the former takes human beings as cultural
entities, and defends that individual freedom cannot be performed without the
protection of culture and that cultural minority rights are the sine qua non for
liberalism. In this essay, I will examine one of the most important versions of
liberal multiculturalism, namely (multi)national liberalism, and argue that it is
not pluralistic enough due to the fact that it has not created the necessary tools
to accommodate the sort of pluralism that is formed out of minorities-withinminorities. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Liberalism, multiculturalism, nationalism, minority rights, minoritieswithin-minorities

Liberal Çokkültürcülük: (Çok)Ulusalcı Liberalizm ve Azınlık-içindeki-Azınlıklar Sorunsalı

Öz

20. yüzyılın son çeyreğinde, çıkış noktasını mensubu olduğu kültüre, ulusa
veya devlete karşı korunması için bireysel haklarla donatılmış ve içerisinde
yetiştiği kültürü rasyonel yetileri ile değerlendirip terk edebilme gücüne sahip
“birey” anlayışında bulan “bireyci” liberalizmin içerisinden, bireylerin “kültürel”
varlıklar olduklarını, bireysel özgürlüğün “kültürlerin korunması” olmaksızın icra
edilemeyeceğini, bunun için de “kültürel azınlık hakları”nın liberalizmin olmazsa
olmazı olduğunu savunan “liberal çokkültürcülük” doğmuştur. Bu yazıda, liberal
çokkültürcülüğün en önemli versiyonlarından biri olan “(çok)ulusalcı liberalizm”
incelenecek ve onun kadınlardan, LGBTİ bireylerinden ve dini veya mezhepsel
muhaliflerden oluşan “azınlık-içindeki-azınlık” gruplarının ortaya çıkardığı
çoğulculuğu kapsayacak teorik araçlar geliştiremediği; bu yüzden de yeterince
çoğulcu olmadığı iddia edilecektir. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Liberalizm, çokkültürcülük, ulusalcılık, azınlık hakları, azınlık-içindeki-azınlıklar

Kaynakça

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