Ayrım Problemi İçin İkincil Bir Araç: Safsatalar

Yıl 2017, Sayı: 3 - 2017, 85 - 104, 30.09.2017

Tevfik Uyar

Öz

Thagard’a göre sözdebilimlerin epistemolojik boyutunun yanı sıra sosyal
boyutu da bulunmaktadır ve bilim ve sözdebilim ayrım probleminde bir alanın
uygulayıcılarının davranışları da bir araç olarak kullanılabilir. Bu makalede
sözdebilimcilerin mantıksal safsata kullanmaya olan eğilimleri ve safsataya
başvurma sıklıklarının bilim-sözdebilim ayrımında kullanılabilecek ikincil bir araç
olduğu savunulmaktadır. Örnek olarak astroloji sözdebilimi seçilmiş ve
astrologların alanlarını tanıtırken ya da savunurken sıklıkla başvurdukları dokuz
mantıksal safsataya yer verilmiştir. Ayrıca bu safsataları tanımanın bilimsel ve
sözdebilimsel argümanları ayırt edebilmede yardımcı olacağı ileri sürülmüştür.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ayrım problemi, Bilim felsefesi, Sözdebilim, Astroloji, Mantıksal safsatalar

A Secondary Tool for Demarcation Problem: Logical Fallacies

Öz

According to Thagard, the behavior of practitioners of a field may
also be used for demarcation between science and pseudoscience due to its
social dimension in addition to the epistemic one. I defended the tendency of
pseudoscientists to commit fallacies, and the number of fallacies they commit
can be a secondary tool for demarcation problem and this tool is consistent with
Thagardian approach. In this paper, I selected the astrology as the case and I
revealed nine types of logical fallacies frequently committed by astrologers while
introducing their field and/or defending their claims against the scientific inquiries
and refutation efforts. I also argued that recognizing these fallacies may help the
audience to demarcate between the scientific and the pseudoscientific arguments.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Demarcation problem, Philosophy of science, Pseudoscience, Astrology, Logical fallacies

Kaynakça

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