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Liberating Education for a Good Life: A Capability Approach Perspective on Education

Yıl 2025, Sayı: 2, 207 - 221, 22.10.2025

Öz

This study is based on the contribution of the Capability Approach, developed by Amartya Sen—an economist and also a philosopher—to education. The Capability Approach, originally proposed by Sen, was later developed further by Martha Nussbaum. According to this approach, it is incorrect to assess the welfare status of individuals and countries solely based on Gross National Product (GNP) in cross-country comparisons. What truly matters is what people are able to do with the material resources they possess. This approach also both criticizes and offers an alternative to John Rawls’s conception of primary goods. According to this perspective, the value of possessing primary goods depends on the actual freedoms and opportunities that individuals are able to achieve through them.
Sen associates individuals’ attainment of genuine well-being with their ability to freely achieve the functionings they value. In line with this approach, individual well-being is measured by the extent to which people can freely realize valued functionings by using the resources they possess. The ability to achieve these functionings freely is an indicator of the capabilities individuals have. In this respect, the Capability Approach has significant potential to contribute to education. It advocates for a society in which individuals can freely perform actions they value, and it defines real development as the expansion of individuals’ spheres of freedom. Therefore, education—which is regarded as a fundamental capability—holds a crucial position within this framework. Through education, individuals develop both intellectual and practical skills, thereby gaining the capability to realize the functionings they value, and ultimately build a life they consider worthwhile. For this reason, this study examines the issue of education through the lens of the Capability Approach and discusses the critical importance of education in enabling individuals to construct a conception of a good life, within the context of the freedoms emphasized by the approach.

Etik Beyan

I declare that in this study, which I prepared in accordance with the article writing guidelines of the Kilikya Journal of Philosophy, I have: • Obtained all information within the framework of ethical conduct and academic rules. • Complied with scientific ethical and moral principles at all stages of the study, including preparation, information, documentation, data collection, analysis, and presentation. • I have included the work used in the reference list. • The study is original. • The study was scanned using the "scientific plagiarism detection program" used by the Kilikya Journal of Philosophy, and according to the report, a similarity rate of 6% was found.

Kaynakça

  • Alkire, S. (2005). Why The Capability Approach? Journal Of Human Development, 6(1), 115-135. https://doi.org/10.1080/146498805200034275
  • Alkire, S. (2016). The Capability Approach And Well-Being Measurement For Public Policy. M.D. Adler&M. Fleurbaey (Ed.), The Oxford Handbook Of Well-Being And Public Policy. In (ss. 615–44) Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199325818.013.18
  • Brighouse, H. (2016). Adalet. (R. Çelik, Trans.). Ankara: Epos Publishing.
  • Çelik, R. (2015). Adalet Ölçütü Olarak İki Önemli Yaklaşım: Birincil Değerler Ve Kabiliyetler. Kilikya Journal Of Philosophy, 3, 83-96. Https://Doi.Org/10.5840/Kilikya20152319
  • Çelik, R. (2017). Adalet, Kapsayıcılık Ve Eğitimde Hakkaniyetli Fırsat Eşitliği. Fe Journal, 9(2), 16-29. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1501/fe0001_0000000185
  • Çelik, R. (2019). Justice, education, and democracy: A criticism of neoliberalism. Philosophia: International Journal of Philosophy, 20(2), 180-196.
  • Çelikkaya, H. (2013). Kalkınma Ruhu Ve Eğitim. Marmara University Atatürk Education Faculty Educational Sciences Journal, 4(4), 27-43.
  • Drèze, J., Sen, A. (1995). India: Economic Development And Social Opportunity. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
  • Gasper, D. (2002). Is Sen's Capability Approach An Adequate Basis For Considering Human Development?. Review Of Political Economy, 14(4), 435-461. https://doi.org/10.1080/0953825022000009898
  • Hart, C. S. (2012). The Capability Approach And Education. Cambridge Journal Of Education, 42(3), 275-282. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0305764x.2012.706393
  • Hinchliffe, G. (2007). Truth And The Capability Of Learning. Journal Of Philosophy Of Education, 41(2), 221-232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9752.2007.00559.x
  • Hoffman, A. M. (2006). The Capability Approach And Educational Policies And Strategies: Effective Life Skills Education For Sustainable Development. AFD, Paris. https://share.google/YWXlpwIfubdxfFQ74 Access date: 05/01/2025
  • Nussbaum, M. C. (2011). Creating capabilities: The human development approach. Harvard University Press.
  • Rawls, J. (1999). A Theory Of Justice. Cambridge (Mass.).
  • Rawls, J. (2020). Hakkaniyet Olarak Adalet. (O. Baş. Trans.) Pinhan Publishing.
  • Robeyns, I. (2005). The Capability Approach: A Theoretical Survey. Journal Of Human Development, 6(1), 93–117.
  • Robeyns, I. (2017). Wellbeing, Freedom And Social Justice: The Capability Approach Re-Examined. Open Book Publishers.
  • Saito, M. (2003). Amartya Sen’s Capability Approach To Education: A Critical Exploration, Journal Of Philosophy Of Education, 37, 17-34. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9752.3701002
  • Sen, A. (1990). Justice: Means Versus Freedoms. Philosophy & Public Affairs, 111-121.
  • Sen, A. (1995). Inequality Reexamined. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
  • Sen, A. (2000) Development As Freedom. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
  • Solava S. I. (2006). From Individual to Collective Capabilities: The Capability Approach as a Conceptual Framework for Self‐help, Journal of Human Development, 7(3), 397-416.
  • Toson, A. L. M., Burrello, L. C., & Knollman, G. (2013). Educational Justice For All: The Capability Approach And Inclusive Education Leadership. International Journal Of Inclusive Education, 17(5), 490-506. https://doi.org/10.1080/13603116.2012.687015
  • Unterhalter, E. (2003). Crossing Disciplinary Boundaries: The Potential Of Sen's Capability Approach For Sociologists Of Education. British Journal Of Sociology Of Education, 24(5), 665-669. Https://Doi.Org/10.1080/0142569032000148708
  • Walker, M. (2005). Amartya Sen’s Capability Approach And Education. Educational Action Research, 13(1), 103-110. https://doi.org/10.1080/09650790500200279

İnsanların Değerli Bir Yaşamı Gerçekleştirmesi Adına Özgürleştiren Eğitim: Kabiliyetler Yaklaşımı Çerçevesinden Eğitime Bir Bakış

Yıl 2025, Sayı: 2, 207 - 221, 22.10.2025

Öz

Bu çalışma, bir ekonomist ve aynı zamanda bir filozof olan Amartya Sen’in ortaya koyduğu kabiliyetler yaklaşımının eğitime katkısını esas alır. Kabiliyetler yaklaşımı, Sen tarafından ortaya koyulmasının ardından Martha Nussbaum tarafından geliştirilmiştir. Bu yaklaşıma göre, ülkeler arası yapılan refah karşılaştırmalarında, insanların ve ülkelerin refah durumunun sadece gayri safi milli hasıla dikkate alınarak değerlendirilmesi yanlıştır. Asıl önemli olan insanların sahip oldukları maddi kaynaklarla neler yapabildikleridir. Bu yaklaşım, aynı zamanda John Rawls’un birincil değerler anlayışını hem eleştirir hem de ona bir alternatif sunar. Bu yaklaşıma göre, birincil değerlere sahip olmanın değeri, insanların bu değerler sayesinde gerçekten ulaşabildikleri özgürlük ve fırsatlara bağlıdır.
Sen, bireylerin gerçek anlamda refah düzeyine erişmesini onların özgür bir şekilde değer verdikleri işleyişleri gerçekleştirmeleri ile ilişkilendirir. Bu yaklaşım doğrultusunda bireylerin refahı, sahip oldukları kaynaklar aracılığıyla özgür bir şekilde değer verdikleri işleyişleri gerçekleştirmeleri ile ölçülür. Bireylerin işleyişlerini özgürce yerine getirebilmesi sahip oldukları kabiliyetlerin göstergesidir. Bu bakımdan bu yaklaşım eğitime önemli katkılar sunma potansiyeline sahiptir. Kabiliyetler yaklaşımı özgür bir şekilde değer verdiği eylemleri gerçekleştirebilen bireylerin var olduğu bir toplumu savunur ve gerçek kalkınmayı bireylerin özgürlük alanlarının genişlemesi olarak görür. Bu nedenle, temel bir kabiliyet olarak ele alınan eğitim bu konuda önemli bir konumdadır. Eğitim ile bireyler zihinsel ve pratik becerilerini geliştirerek kendi değer verdikleri işleyişleri gerçekleştirme kabiliyetini elde eder ve değer verdikleri bir yaşamı inşa edebilirler. Bu nedenle, bu çalışmada eğitim konusu kabiliyetler yaklaşımı açısından ele alınacak ve bu yaklaşımın vurguladığı özgürlük bağlamında eğitimin bireylerin değerli bir yaşam anlayışı oluşturmaları konusundaki kritik önemi tartışılacaktır.

Etik Beyan

Kilikya Felsefe Dergisi makale yazım kurallarına uygun olarak hazırladığım bu çalışmada; • Çalışma içindeki bütün bilgileri etik davranış ve akademik kurallar çerçevesinde elde ettiğimi, • Çalışmanın hazırlık, bilgi, belge, veri toplama, analiz ve bilgilerin sunumu olmak üzere tüm aşamalarda bilimsel etik ve ahlak kurallarına uygun davrandığımı, • Çalışmada kullanılan esere kaynakçada yer verdiğimi, • Çalışmanın özgün olduğunu, • Çalışmanın Kilikya Felsefe Dergisi tarafından kullanılan “bilimsel intihal tespit programı” ile tarandığını ve raporun sonucuna göre %6 benzerlik oranı bulunduğunu beyan ederim.

Kaynakça

  • Alkire, S. (2005). Why The Capability Approach? Journal Of Human Development, 6(1), 115-135. https://doi.org/10.1080/146498805200034275
  • Alkire, S. (2016). The Capability Approach And Well-Being Measurement For Public Policy. M.D. Adler&M. Fleurbaey (Ed.), The Oxford Handbook Of Well-Being And Public Policy. In (ss. 615–44) Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199325818.013.18
  • Brighouse, H. (2016). Adalet. (R. Çelik, Trans.). Ankara: Epos Publishing.
  • Çelik, R. (2015). Adalet Ölçütü Olarak İki Önemli Yaklaşım: Birincil Değerler Ve Kabiliyetler. Kilikya Journal Of Philosophy, 3, 83-96. Https://Doi.Org/10.5840/Kilikya20152319
  • Çelik, R. (2017). Adalet, Kapsayıcılık Ve Eğitimde Hakkaniyetli Fırsat Eşitliği. Fe Journal, 9(2), 16-29. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1501/fe0001_0000000185
  • Çelik, R. (2019). Justice, education, and democracy: A criticism of neoliberalism. Philosophia: International Journal of Philosophy, 20(2), 180-196.
  • Çelikkaya, H. (2013). Kalkınma Ruhu Ve Eğitim. Marmara University Atatürk Education Faculty Educational Sciences Journal, 4(4), 27-43.
  • Drèze, J., Sen, A. (1995). India: Economic Development And Social Opportunity. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
  • Gasper, D. (2002). Is Sen's Capability Approach An Adequate Basis For Considering Human Development?. Review Of Political Economy, 14(4), 435-461. https://doi.org/10.1080/0953825022000009898
  • Hart, C. S. (2012). The Capability Approach And Education. Cambridge Journal Of Education, 42(3), 275-282. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0305764x.2012.706393
  • Hinchliffe, G. (2007). Truth And The Capability Of Learning. Journal Of Philosophy Of Education, 41(2), 221-232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9752.2007.00559.x
  • Hoffman, A. M. (2006). The Capability Approach And Educational Policies And Strategies: Effective Life Skills Education For Sustainable Development. AFD, Paris. https://share.google/YWXlpwIfubdxfFQ74 Access date: 05/01/2025
  • Nussbaum, M. C. (2011). Creating capabilities: The human development approach. Harvard University Press.
  • Rawls, J. (1999). A Theory Of Justice. Cambridge (Mass.).
  • Rawls, J. (2020). Hakkaniyet Olarak Adalet. (O. Baş. Trans.) Pinhan Publishing.
  • Robeyns, I. (2005). The Capability Approach: A Theoretical Survey. Journal Of Human Development, 6(1), 93–117.
  • Robeyns, I. (2017). Wellbeing, Freedom And Social Justice: The Capability Approach Re-Examined. Open Book Publishers.
  • Saito, M. (2003). Amartya Sen’s Capability Approach To Education: A Critical Exploration, Journal Of Philosophy Of Education, 37, 17-34. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9752.3701002
  • Sen, A. (1990). Justice: Means Versus Freedoms. Philosophy & Public Affairs, 111-121.
  • Sen, A. (1995). Inequality Reexamined. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
  • Sen, A. (2000) Development As Freedom. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
  • Solava S. I. (2006). From Individual to Collective Capabilities: The Capability Approach as a Conceptual Framework for Self‐help, Journal of Human Development, 7(3), 397-416.
  • Toson, A. L. M., Burrello, L. C., & Knollman, G. (2013). Educational Justice For All: The Capability Approach And Inclusive Education Leadership. International Journal Of Inclusive Education, 17(5), 490-506. https://doi.org/10.1080/13603116.2012.687015
  • Unterhalter, E. (2003). Crossing Disciplinary Boundaries: The Potential Of Sen's Capability Approach For Sociologists Of Education. British Journal Of Sociology Of Education, 24(5), 665-669. Https://Doi.Org/10.1080/0142569032000148708
  • Walker, M. (2005). Amartya Sen’s Capability Approach And Education. Educational Action Research, 13(1), 103-110. https://doi.org/10.1080/09650790500200279
Toplam 25 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Eğitim Felsefesi
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Zehra Şekertekin 0009-0006-9268-3970

Yayımlanma Tarihi 22 Ekim 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 31 Mayıs 2025
Kabul Tarihi 21 Ekim 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Şekertekin, Z. (2025). Liberating Education for a Good Life: A Capability Approach Perspective on Education. Kilikya Felsefe Dergisi(2), 207-221.
AMA Şekertekin Z. Liberating Education for a Good Life: A Capability Approach Perspective on Education. KFD. Ekim 2025;(2):207-221.
Chicago Şekertekin, Zehra. “Liberating Education for a Good Life: A Capability Approach Perspective on Education”. Kilikya Felsefe Dergisi, sy. 2 (Ekim 2025): 207-21.
EndNote Şekertekin Z (01 Ekim 2025) Liberating Education for a Good Life: A Capability Approach Perspective on Education. Kilikya Felsefe Dergisi 2 207–221.
IEEE Z. Şekertekin, “Liberating Education for a Good Life: A Capability Approach Perspective on Education”, KFD, sy. 2, ss. 207–221, Ekim2025.
ISNAD Şekertekin, Zehra. “Liberating Education for a Good Life: A Capability Approach Perspective on Education”. Kilikya Felsefe Dergisi 2 (Ekim2025), 207-221.
JAMA Şekertekin Z. Liberating Education for a Good Life: A Capability Approach Perspective on Education. KFD. 2025;:207–221.
MLA Şekertekin, Zehra. “Liberating Education for a Good Life: A Capability Approach Perspective on Education”. Kilikya Felsefe Dergisi, sy. 2, 2025, ss. 207-21.
Vancouver Şekertekin Z. Liberating Education for a Good Life: A Capability Approach Perspective on Education. KFD. 2025(2):207-21.