An Examination of the Share of Electric Kitchen Appliances in Building Energy Consumption and Future Perspectives

Abstract

In the building sector, which is responsible for approximately 30-40% of global energy consumption, energy efficiency strategies and Zero Energy Building (ZEB) applications are becoming increasingly important. As dominant loads such as heating and cooling are minimized through insulation and efficient mechanical systems, the proportional share of unregulated loads, such as electric kitchen appliances, in total consumption is increasing remarkably. This review study examines the current share of electric kitchen appliances in residential energy consumption, changing user habits, and the critical role of these loads in achieving ZEB targets. Literature review and current market data indicate that ownership and frequency of use of new-generation devices, such as air fryers, coffee machines, and robot vacuums, are increasing rapidly, particularly in Türkiye. Examined studies reveal that kitchen-related consumption in energy-efficient homes can reach up to 41% of total household energy. The study emphasizes that a detailed analysis of kitchen energy is essential for the net-zero target in ZEBs. The findings indicate that efficiency gains of up to 50-70% can be achieved not only through technological device efficiency but also by increasing user awareness regarding cooking methods and usage habits. Consequently, for future zero building energy management models and sustainability goals to succeed, holistic strategies that also include kitchen loads will begin to be developed in the near future.

Keywords

• Net zero energy building
• electric kitchen appliances
• electrical energy efficiency
• user behaviors

Elektrikli Mutfak Eşyalarının Bina Enerji Tüketimindeki Payı ve Gelecek Perspektifinin İncelenmesi

Öz

Dünya genelinde toplam enerji tüketiminin yaklaşık %30-40’ından sorumlu olan bina sektöründe, enerji verimliliği stratejileri ve Sıfır Enerji Bina (SEB) uygulamaları giderek daha önemli hale gelmektedir. Yalıtım ve verimli mekanik sistemlerle ısıtma-soğutma gibi baskın yükler minimize edildikçe, elektrikli mutfak eşyaları gibi düzenlenmemiş yüklerin toplam tüketim içindeki oransal payı dikkat çekici bir şekilde artmaktadır. Bu derleme çalışması, elektrikli mutfak cihazlarının konut enerji tüketimindeki mevcut payını, değişen kullanıcı alışkanlıklarını ve bu yüklerin SEB hedeflerine ulaşmadaki kritik rolünü incelemektedir. Literatür taraması ve güncel pazar verileri, özellikle Türkiye’de hava fritözleri, kahve makineleri ve robot süpürgeler gibi yeni nesil cihazların sahipliğinin ve kullanım sıklığının hızla arttığını göstermektedir. İncelenen araştırmalar, enerji verimli konutlarda mutfak kaynaklı tüketimin toplam hane enerjisinin %41’ine kadar ulaşabildiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Çalışma, SEB’lerde net sıfır hedefi için mutfak enerjisinin detaylı analizinin zorunlu olduğunu vurgulamaktadır. Elde edilen bulgular, yalnızca cihazların teknolojik verimliliğinin değil; pişirme yöntemleri ve kullanım alışkanlıklarına yönelik kullanıcı farkındalığının artırılmasıyla %50-70 oranlarına varan verim artışı sağlanabileceğini göstermektedir. Sonuç olarak, geleceğin sıfır bina enerji yönetim modellerinin ve sürdürülebilirlik hedeflerinin başarıya ulaşması için, yakın gelecekte mutfak yüklerini de kapsayan bütüncül stratejiler geliştirilmeye başlanacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Sıfır enerji bina
• elektrikli mutfak eşyaları
• elektriksel enerji verimliliği
• kullanıcı davranışları

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