Dönüştürücü Liderler Çalışanların Ses Davranışlarını Nasıl Etkilerler? İşe Yabancılaşmanın Rolü

Yıl 2021, Cilt 23, Sayı 41, 328 - 342, 31.12.2021

Daimi KOÇAK

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, dönüştürücü liderlik ve çalışan sesliliği arasındaki ilişkide işe yabancılaşmanın aracı rolünün tespit edilmesidir. Araştırma örneklemini Erzincan ilinde faaliyet gösteren 15 bankanın 161 beyaz yaka çalışanı oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma hipotezlerinin analiz edilmesinde PROCESS macro (SPSS için) istatistik programı kullanılmıştır. Yapılan analizler sonucunda, işe yabancılaşmanın dönüştürücü liderlik ile çalışan sesliliği arasındaki ilişkide aracı rolünün olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca dönüştürücü liderlik ile çalışan sesliliği arasında pozitif, işe yabancılaşma ile çalışan sesliliği arasında ise negatif yönlü bir ilişki olduğu görülmüştür. Elde edilen sonuçlar doğrultusunda araştırmanın teorik ve pratik etkileri tartışılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Dönüştürücü Liderlik, İşe Yabancılaşma, Çalışan Sesliliği

Kaynakça

• Avolio, B. J. and Yammarino, F. J. (2002). Introduction to, and Overview of, Transformational and Charismatic Leadership. In B. J. Avolio & F. J. Yammarino (Eds.), Transformational and Charismatic Leadership: The Road Ahead (pp. xvii–xxiii). Oxford, UK: Elsevier Science.
• Babadağ, M. (2018). İşe Yabancılaşmanın Sanal Kaytarma Üzerindeki Etkisi. Balıkesir Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 21(39), 207-239.
• Babadağ, M., & İşcan, Ö. F. (2017). Dönüştürücü Liderlik ile İşe Yabancılaşma Arasındaki İlişkide Algılanan Etik İklimin Aracı Rolü. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 6(4), 399-428.
• Babbie, E. (2001). The Practice of Social Research. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
• Bass, B. M. (1985). Leadership and Performance Beyond Expectations. New York, NY: Free Press.
• Bass, B. M. (1990). From Transactional to Transformational Leadership: Learning to Share the Vision. Organizational Dynamics, 18(3), 19-31.
• Bass, B. M. (1999). Two Decades of Research and Development in Transformational Leadership. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 8(1), 9-32.
• Blau, P. M. (1964). Exchange and Power in Social Life. New York: John-Wiley & Sons Pub.
• Botero, I. C. and Van Dyne, L. (2009). Employee Voice Behavior: Interactive Effects of LMX and Power Distance in the United States and Colombia. Management Communication Quarterly, 23(1), 84-104.
• Boxall, P. F. and Purcell, J. (2003). Strategy and Human Resource Management, Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke.
• Braverman, H. (1974). Labor and Monopoly Capital. New York: Monthly Review Press
• Burns, J. M. (1978). Leadership. New York: Harper & Row.
• Carless, S. A., Wearing, A. J., and Mann, L. (2000). A Short Measure of Transformational Leadership. Journal of Business and Psychology, 14(3), 389-405.
• Chan, S. C. H. and Mak, W. M. (2014). Transformational Leadership, Pride in Being a Follower of the Leader and Organizational Commitment. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 35(8), 674–690.
• Demir, M., Ayas, S., ve Yıldız, B. (2018). Örgütsel Sinizm ve İşe Yabancılaşma İlişkisi: Beş Yıldızlı Otel Çalışanları Üzerine Bir Araştırma. Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi, 16(32), 231-254.
• Demirtaş, Ö., Karaca, M., Biçkes D.M. ve Almaz F. (2017). Dönüşümcü Liderliğin Yaratıcılık ve Çalışan Sesliliği Üzerindeki Etkisinde Lidere Güven Algısının Aracılık Rolü. 5. Örgütsel Davranış Kongresi, Antalya, 3-4 Kasım.
• Detert, J. R. and Burris, E. R. (2007). Leadership Behavior and Employee Voice: Is The Door Really Open?. Academy of Management Journal, 50(4), 869-884.
• Duan, J., Li, C., Xu, Y., and Wu, C. H. (2017). Transformational Leadership and Employee Voice Behavior: A Pygmalion Mechanism. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 38(5), 650-670.
• Dyne, L. V., Ang, S., and Botero, I. C. (2003). Conceptualizing Employee Silence and Employee Voice As Multidimensional Constructs. Journal of Management Studies, 40(6), 1359-1392.
• Eibl, B., Lang, F. R., and Niessen, C. (2020). Employee Voice at Work: The Role of Employees’ Gender, Self-Efficacy Beliefs, And Leadership. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 29(4), 570-585.
• Erdem, A. T. (2021). The Mediating Role of Work Alienation in the Effect of Democratic and Autocratic Leadership Styles on Counterproductive Behaviors: A Study in Ankara OSTİM Industrial Zone. OPUS International Journal of Society Researches, 17(34), 873-902.
• Hayes, A. F. (2012). PROCESS: A Versatile Computational Tool for Observed Variable Mediation, Moderation, and Conditional Process Modeling [White paper]. Retrieved from http://www.afhayes.com/public/process2012.pdf
• Hayes, A. F. (2013). Introduction to Mediation, Moderation, and Conditional Process Analysis. New York, NY: The Guilford Press.
• Hirschfeld, R. and Feild, H. (2000). Work Centrality and Work Alienation: Distinct Aspects of a General Commitment to Work. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 21(7), 789-800.
• Hirschman, A. O. (1970). Exit, Voice, and Loyalty: Responses to Decline In Firms, Organizations and States. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
• Hosseinzadeh, A., Nazem, F. and Eimani, M. N. (2014). A Structural Model for Transformational Leadership Style Based on Job Alienation in District 2 of Islamic Azad University. Bulletin of Environment, Pharmacology and Life Sciences, 3(1), 01-05.
• https://www.trbanka.com/erzincan-banka-subeleri.html (Erişim tarihi= 02.06.2019)
• Judge, T. A., and Piccolo, R. F. (2004). Transformational and Transactional Leadership: A Meta-Analytic Test of Their Relative Validity. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89(5), 755-768.
• Kao, K. Y., Hsu, H. H., Thomas, C. L., Cheng, Y. C., Lin, M. T., and Li, H. F. (2021). Motivating Employees to Speak Up: Linking Job Autonomy, PO Fit, and Employee Voice Behaviors Through Work Engagement. Current Psychology, 1-15. Kerse, G. Koçak, D. ve Özdemir, Ş. (2020), Mütevazı Liderlik Ölçeğinin Türkçe Uyarlaması ve Mütevazı Liderliğin Seslilik Davranışına Etkisi: Kuşak Farklılığının Düzenleyici Rolü, İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 12(2), 1769–1787.
• Kerse, G. ve Karabey, N. C. (2018). Söz Mü Altındır Sükut Mu? Politik Davranış Algısı, Lider Üye Etkileşimi ve Çalışan Sesliliği İlişkisi. Çankaya, F. ve Kayıkçı, S. Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimlerde Akademik Araştırmalar-IV, 487-507.
• Kim, J., MacDuffie, J. P., and Pil, F. K. (2010). Employee Voice and Organizational Performance: Team versus Representative Influence. Human Relations, 63, 371-394.
• LePine, J. A., and Van Dyne, L. (1998). Predicting Voice Behavior in Work Groups. Journal of Applied Psychology, 83(6), 853-868.
• LePine, J. A., & Van Dyne, L. (2001). Voice and Cooperative Behavior as Contrasting Forms of Contextual Performance: Evidence of Differential Relationships with Big Five Personality Characteristics and Cognitive Ability. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(2), 326-336.
• Li, C. and Wu, K. (2015). Investigation of Motive between Transformational Leadership and Pro-Social Voice: An Empirical Study in China. International Journal of Leadership Studies, 9(1), 115-130.
• Liang, H. L., and Yeh, T. K. (2019). The Effects of Employee Voice on Workplace Bullying and Job Satisfaction: The Mediating Role of Leader–Member Exchange. Management Decision. 58(3), 569-582.
• Liu, W., Zhu, R., and Yang, Y. (2010). I Warn You Because I Like You: Voice Behavior, Employee Identifications and Transformational Leadership. The Leadership Quarterly, 21(1), 189–202.
• Lord, R. G., Brown, D. J., and Freiberg, S. J. (1999). Understanding The Dynamics of Leadership: The Role of Follower Self-Concepts in The Leader/Follower Relationship. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 75, 167–203.
• Luthfyrakhman, H. (2017). Transformational Leadership and Employee Voice Behavior. (Doctoral dissertation), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.
• MacKenzie, S. B., Podsakoff, P. M., and Rich, G. A. (2001). Transformational and Transactional Leadership and Salesperson Performance. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 29(2), 115-134.
• Marx, K. (1844/1961). Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts. In: Erich Fromm (ed.), Marx’s concept of man (trans. T. B. Bottomore). Frederick Ungar.
• McCabe, D.M., and Lewin, D. (1992), Employee Voice: A Human Resource Management Perspective, California Management Review, 34, 112–123.
• Morrison, E. W. (2014). Employee Voice and Silence. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 1(1), 173–197.
• Morrison, E.W. (2011), Employee Voice Behavior: Integration and Directions for Future Research, Academy of Management Annals, 5(1), 373-412.
• Organ, D. W. (1990). The Motivational Basis of Organizational Citizenship Behavior. In B. M. Staw & L. L. Cummings (Eds.), Research in Organizational Behavior (pp. 43–72). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
• Parker, S. K. and Collins, C. G. (2010). Taking Stock: Integrating and Differentiating Multiple Proactive Behaviors. Journal of Management, 36(3), 633–662.
• Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J. Y., and Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common Method Biases in Behavioral Research: A Critical Review of the Literature and Recommended Remedies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(5), 879.
• Podsakoff, N. P., Whiting, S. W., Podsakoff, P. M., and Blume, B. D. (2009). Individual-and Organizational-Level Consequences of Organizational Citizenship Behaviors: A Meta-Analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 94(1), 122-141.
• Preacher, K. J. and Hayes, A. F. (2004). SPSS and SAS Procedures for Estimating Indirect Effects in Simple Mediation Models. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 36(4), 717-731.
• Preacher, K. J. and Hayes, A. F. (2008). Asymptotic and Resampling Strategies for Assessing and Comparing Indirect Effects in Multiple Mediator Models. Behavior Research Methods, 40(3), 879–891.
• Rodríguez-Ardura, I. and Meseguer-Artola, A. (2020). How to Prevent, Detect and Control Common Method Variance in Electronic Commerce Research. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research, 15(2), 1-5.
• Sarros, J. C., Tanewski, G. A., Winter, R. P., Santora, J. C., and Densten, I. L. (2002). Work Alienation and Organizational Leadership. British Journal of Management, 13(4), 285-304.
• Siron, R. B., Muttar, A. K., and Ahmad, Z. A. (2015). The Relationship between Work Alienation and Job Satisfaction among The Academic Staff in The Iraqi Technical Colleges and Institutes. European Journal of Social Sciences, 48(1), 63-72.
• Son, S. (2019). The Role of Supervisors on Employees’ Voice Behavior. Leadership & Organization Development Journal. 40(1), 85-96.
• Tummers, L.G. & Den Dulk, L. (2013). The Effects of Work Alienation on Organisational Commitment, Work Effort and Work‐To‐Family Enrichment. Journal of Nursing Management, 21(6), 850-859.
• Turan, M. ve Parsak, G. (2011). Yabancılaşma ve Iş Tatmini Ilişkisi: Bir Devlet Üniversitesi Idari Personeli Üzerinde Araştırma. Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 20(2), 1-20.
• Van Dyne, L. and LePine, J. A. (1998). Helping and Voice Extra-Role Behaviors: Evidence of Construct and Predictive Validity. Academy of Management Journal, 41(1), 108-119.
• Van Dyne, L., Cummings, L. L., and McLean Parks, J. (1995). Extra-Role Behaviors: In Pursuit of Construct and Definitional Clarity. In L. L. Cummings & B. M. Staw (Eds.), Research in Organizational Behavior (Vol. 17, pp. 215-285). Greenwich, CT: JAI.
• Wang, H., Law, K. S., Hackett, R. D., Wang, D. X., and Chen, Z. X. (2005). Leader–Member Exchange as A Mediator of The Relationship Between Transformational Leadership and Followers’ Performance and Organizational Citizenship Behavior. Academy of Management Journal, 48, 420–432.
• Wang, Z., Xu, S., Sun, Y., and Liu, Y. (2019). Transformational Leadership and Employee Voice: An Affective Perspective. Frontiers of Business Research in China, 13(1), 1-14.
• Weber, M. (1926/1947). The Theory of Social and Economic Organization. Talcott Parsons (ed.). Free Press, New York.
• Whiting, S. W., Podsakoff, P. M., and Pierce, J. R. (2008). Effects of Task Performance, Helping, Voice, and Organizational Loyalty on Performance Appraisal Ratings. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93, 125-139.
• Wilkinson, A., Dundon, T., Marchington, M., and Ackers, P. (2004). Changing Patterns of Employee Voice. Journal of Industrial Relations, 46(3), 298–322.
• Wilkinson, A., Gollan, P. J., Kalfa, S., and Xu, Y. (2018). Voices Unheard: Employee Voice in The New Century. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 29(5), 711–724.
• Yan, Z. (2018). How to Promote Employee Voice Behavior: Analysis Based on Leadership Style Perspective. Journal of Research in Business, Economics and Management, 10(1), 1814-1823.
• Zhu, Y. and Akhtar, S. (2014). How Transformational Leadership Influences Follower Helping Behavior: The Role of Trust and Prosocial Motivation, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 35(3), 373–392.