OTİZM SPEKTRUM BOZUKLUĞU TANILI VE TİPİK GELİŞİM GÖSTEREN KÜÇÜK ÇOCUKLARIN BESLENME DAVRANIŞLARININ, UYKU SORUNLARININ, EBEVEYN KAYGI VE DEPRESYON DÜZEYLERİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Yıl 2024,
Cilt: 25 Sayı: 4, 448 - 453, 21.10.2024
Çağla Çelikkol Sadıç
,
Fatma Coşkun
Dilek Özgül Katırcıoğlu
Arif Göktuğ Özmutlu
Ayşegül Tuğba Hıra Selen
Öz
AMAÇ: Bu çalışmada, otizm spektrum bozukluğu (OSB) olan küçük çocukların beslenme davranışı ve uyku sorunlarının, ebeveynlerinin depresyon ve kaygı düzeylerinin sağlıklı kontrollerle karşılaştırılması ve OSB semptom şiddeti, ebeveyn kaygı ve depresyon düzeyleri ile çocukların beslenme davranışı ve uyku sorunlarına yönelik ilişkinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmaktadır.
GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM: Araştırmanın örneklemi, 18 ay ile 60 ay arasında OSB tanısı alan 81 hasta ve 60 sağlıklı çocuk ile oluşturmuştur. OSB tanısı Ruhsal Bozuklukların Tanısal ve İstatistiksel El Kitabı-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders [DSM])’e göre çocuk ve ergen psikiyatri uzmanı tarafından konulmuştur. Hasta grubundaki küçük yaş çocukların OSB semptom şiddeti, klinisyen tarafından Çocukluk Otizmi Derecelendirme Ölçeği (ÇODÖ) uygulanarak değerlendirilmiştir. Çocuklarda Beslenme Davranışı Anketi (ÇBDA), Çocuk Uyku Alışkanlıkları Anketi (ÇUAA) ve Beck Depresyon Ölçeği (BDÖ), Beck Anksiyete Ölçeği (BAÖ) çalışmaya alınan çocukların ebeveynleri tarafından doldurulmuştur.
BULGULAR: OSB grubunda ÇBDA içme tutkusu alt ölçeği (z = -2.87, p =0.004), ÇUAA toplam puanı (z = -3.013, p =0.003), ebeveyn BDÖ (z = -5.213, p < 0.001), ve ebeveyn BAÖ (z = 4.474, p < 0.001) toplam puanları sağlıklı kontrollere göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde daha yüksek olduğu saptanmıştır. OSB ve sağlıklı kontroller arasında ÇBDA diğer alt ölçek puanlarının istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılık göstermediği saptanmıştır. Hasta grubunda, otizm belirti şiddeti ile ÇBDA alt ölçek puanları, ÇUAA, ebeveyn BDÖ ve BAÖ toplam puanları arasında bir ilişki bulunmamıştır.
SONUÇ: OSB olan küçük çocukların sağlıklı çocuklara göre daha çok uyku problemi yaşantıladıkları, içeceklere yönelimlerinin daha çok olduğu ve ebeveynlerinin depresyon ve anksiyete düzeylerinin daha yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışma OSB tanısı ile küçük çocukların uyku sorunları, içeceklere olan yönelimleri ve ebeveynlerinin ruh sağlığı arasında anlamlı bir ilişki olduğunu göstermektedir.
Etik Beyan
Çalışma prosedürleri Helsinki Bildirgesi'ne uygun olarak yürütüldü. Afyonkarahisar Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi etik kurulundan çalışma için etik onayı alındı.
Destekleyen Kurum
Yazarların açıklayacakları herhangi bir çıkar çatışması yoktur. Araştırmanın herhangi bir finansmanı yok.
Kaynakça
-
1. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th ed. Arlington, VA, American Psychiatric Publishing, 2013.
-
2. Maenner MJ, Warren Z, Williams AR et al. Prevalence and Characteristics of Autism Spectrum Disorder
Among Children Aged 8 Years - Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network, 11 Sites, United
States, 2020. MMWR Surveill Summ. 2023;72(2):1-14.
-
3. Kazek B , Brzóska A , Paprocka J et al. Eating Behaviors of Children with Autism Pilot Study, Part II. Nutrients.
2021;13(11).
-
4. Baraskewich J, von Ranson KM, McCrimmon A et al. Feeding and eating problems in children and
adolescents with autism: A scoping review. Autism. 2021;25(6):1505-19.
-
5. Mayes SD, Zickgraf H. Atypical eating behaviors in children and adolescents with autism, ADHD, other
disorders, and typical development. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders. 2019;64:76-83.
-
6. Volkert VM, Vaz PC. Recent studies on feeding problems in children with autism. J Appl Behav Anal.
2010;43(1):155-9.
-
7. Nogueira HA, de Castro CT, da Silva DCG et al. Melatonin for sleep disorders in people with autism:
Systematic review and meta-analysis. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2023;123:110695.
-
8. Ballester P, Richdale AL, Baker EK et al. Sleep in autism: A biomolecular approach to aetiology and
treatment. Sleep Med Rev. 2020;54:101357.
-
9. Schreck KA, Richdale AL. Sleep problems, behavior, and psychopathology in autism: inter-relationships
across the lifespan. Curr Opin Psychol. 2020:34:105-111.
-
10. Chan KKS, Leung DCK. Linking Child Autism to Parental Depression and Anxiety: The Mediating Roles of
Enacted and Felt Stigma. J Autism Dev Disord. 2021;51(2):527-37.
-
11. Cohrs AC, Leslie DL. Depression in Parents of Children Diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Claims-
Based Analysis. J Autism Dev Disord. 2017;47(5):1416-22.
-
12. Yirmiya N, Shaked M. Psychiatric disorders in parents of children with autism: a meta-analysis. J Child
Psychol Psychiatry. 2005;46(1):69-83.
-
13. Wang L, Li D, Pan S, et al. The relationship between 2019-nCoV and psychological distress among parents
of children with autism spectrum disorder. Global Health. 2021;17(1):23.
-
14. Schopler E, Reichler RJ, DeVellis RF, et al. Toward objective classification of childhood autism: Childhood
Autism Rating Scale (CARS). Journal of autism and Developmental Disorders. 1980;10(1):91-103.
-
15. Sucuoğlu NB, Akkök F, Bahar G, ve ark. Otistik çocukların değerlendirilmesinde kullanılan ölçeklere ilişkin bir
çalışma. 3P Dergisi Psikoloji, Psikiyatri ve Psikofarmakoloji.1996; 4:116-21.
-
16. Gassaloğlu Sİ, Baykara B, Avcil S, ve ark. Çocukluk Otizmi Derecelendirme Ölçeği Türkçe formunun geçerlik
ve güvenilirlik çalışması. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi. 2016;27(4):266-74.
-
17. Wardle J, Guthrie CA, Sanderson S, et al. Development of the children's eating behaviour questionnaire.
The Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines. 2001;42(7):963-70.
-
18. Yilmaz R, Esmeray H, Erkorkmaz U. Adaptation study of the Turkish children's eating behavior questionnaire.
Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry. 2011;12:287-94.
-
19. Owens JA, Spirito A, McGuinn M. The Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ): psychometric
properties of a survey instrument for school-aged children. Sleep-New York. 2000;23(8):1043-52.
-
20. Perdahlı Fiş N, ARMAN A, Ay P, ve ark. The validity and the reliability of Turkish Version of Children's Sleep
Habits Questionnaire. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi. 2010;11(2):151-60.
-
21. Hisli N. Beck Depresyon Envanterinin üniversite öğrencileri için geçerliği, güvenirliği. Psikoloji Dergisi.
1989;7(23):3-13.
-
22. Beck AT. An inventory for measuring depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1961;4(6):561-71.
-
23. Ulusoy M, Sahin NH, Erkmen H. Turkish version of the Beck Anxiety Inventory: psychometric properties.
Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy. 1998;12(2):163.
-
24. Krakowiak P, Goodlin-Jones B, Hertz-Picciotto I, et al. Sleep problems in children with autism spectrum
disorders, developmental delays, and typical development: a population-based study. J Sleep Res.
2008;17(2):197-206.
-
25. Cuomo BM, Vaz S, Lee EAL, et al. Effectiveness of Sleep-Based Interventions for Children with Autism
Spectrum Disorder: A Meta-Synthesis. Pharmacotherapy. 2017;37(5): 555-78.
-
26. Richdale AL, Prior MR. The sleep/wake rhythm in children with autism. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry.
1995;4(3):175-86.
-
27. Devnani PA, Hegde AU. Autism and sleep disorders. J Pediatr Neurosci. 2015;10(4): 304-7.
-
28. Sadeh A. Evaluating night wakings in sleep-disturbed infants: a methodological study of parental reports
and actigraphy. Sleep.1996;19(10):757-62.
EVALUATION OF EATING BEHAVIOR, SLEEP PROBLEMS, PARENTAL ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION LEVELS OF YOUNG CHILDREN DIAGNOSED WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER AND TYPICALLY DEVELOPING
Yıl 2024,
Cilt: 25 Sayı: 4, 448 - 453, 21.10.2024
Çağla Çelikkol Sadıç
,
Fatma Coşkun
Dilek Özgül Katırcıoğlu
Arif Göktuğ Özmutlu
Ayşegül Tuğba Hıra Selen
Öz
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare the feeding behavior and sleep problems of young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), to compare depression and anxiety levels of their parents with healthy controls, and to evaluate the relationship between ASD symptom severity, parental anxiety and depression levels, and children's feeding behavior and sleep problems.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: The sample of the study consisted of 81 patients diagnosed with ASD and 60 healthy children between 18 months and 60 months. The diagnosis of ASD was made by a child and adolescent psychiatrist according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5 (DSM). The Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) was used to assess the severity of young children ASD symptoms in the patient group. The Children’s Eating Behavior Questionnaire (CEBQ), the Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ), and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) were filled out by the parents of the children included in the study.
RESULTS: In the ASD group, it was found that the subscale scores of the CEBQ desire to drink (z = -2.87, p = 0.004), the total score of the CSHQ (z = -3.013, p = 0.003), parental BDI (z = -5.213, p < 0.001), and parental BAI (z = 4.474, p < 0.001) were statistically significantly higher than healthy controls. No statistically significant difference was detected between the ASD and control groups in terms of other subscale scores of CEBQ. In the patient group, no relationship was found between ASD symptom level and CEBQ subscale scores, CSHQ, parent BDI and BAI total scores.
CONCLUSIONS: It was determined that young children with ASD had more sleep problems, more tendency towards beverages and their parents had higher levels of depression and anxiety than healthy children. This study shows that there is a significant relationship between ASD diagnosis and young children's sleep problems, their orientation towards beverages and their parents' mental health.
Kaynakça
-
1. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th ed. Arlington, VA, American Psychiatric Publishing, 2013.
-
2. Maenner MJ, Warren Z, Williams AR et al. Prevalence and Characteristics of Autism Spectrum Disorder
Among Children Aged 8 Years - Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network, 11 Sites, United
States, 2020. MMWR Surveill Summ. 2023;72(2):1-14.
-
3. Kazek B , Brzóska A , Paprocka J et al. Eating Behaviors of Children with Autism Pilot Study, Part II. Nutrients.
2021;13(11).
-
4. Baraskewich J, von Ranson KM, McCrimmon A et al. Feeding and eating problems in children and
adolescents with autism: A scoping review. Autism. 2021;25(6):1505-19.
-
5. Mayes SD, Zickgraf H. Atypical eating behaviors in children and adolescents with autism, ADHD, other
disorders, and typical development. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders. 2019;64:76-83.
-
6. Volkert VM, Vaz PC. Recent studies on feeding problems in children with autism. J Appl Behav Anal.
2010;43(1):155-9.
-
7. Nogueira HA, de Castro CT, da Silva DCG et al. Melatonin for sleep disorders in people with autism:
Systematic review and meta-analysis. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2023;123:110695.
-
8. Ballester P, Richdale AL, Baker EK et al. Sleep in autism: A biomolecular approach to aetiology and
treatment. Sleep Med Rev. 2020;54:101357.
-
9. Schreck KA, Richdale AL. Sleep problems, behavior, and psychopathology in autism: inter-relationships
across the lifespan. Curr Opin Psychol. 2020:34:105-111.
-
10. Chan KKS, Leung DCK. Linking Child Autism to Parental Depression and Anxiety: The Mediating Roles of
Enacted and Felt Stigma. J Autism Dev Disord. 2021;51(2):527-37.
-
11. Cohrs AC, Leslie DL. Depression in Parents of Children Diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Claims-
Based Analysis. J Autism Dev Disord. 2017;47(5):1416-22.
-
12. Yirmiya N, Shaked M. Psychiatric disorders in parents of children with autism: a meta-analysis. J Child
Psychol Psychiatry. 2005;46(1):69-83.
-
13. Wang L, Li D, Pan S, et al. The relationship between 2019-nCoV and psychological distress among parents
of children with autism spectrum disorder. Global Health. 2021;17(1):23.
-
14. Schopler E, Reichler RJ, DeVellis RF, et al. Toward objective classification of childhood autism: Childhood
Autism Rating Scale (CARS). Journal of autism and Developmental Disorders. 1980;10(1):91-103.
-
15. Sucuoğlu NB, Akkök F, Bahar G, ve ark. Otistik çocukların değerlendirilmesinde kullanılan ölçeklere ilişkin bir
çalışma. 3P Dergisi Psikoloji, Psikiyatri ve Psikofarmakoloji.1996; 4:116-21.
-
16. Gassaloğlu Sİ, Baykara B, Avcil S, ve ark. Çocukluk Otizmi Derecelendirme Ölçeği Türkçe formunun geçerlik
ve güvenilirlik çalışması. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi. 2016;27(4):266-74.
-
17. Wardle J, Guthrie CA, Sanderson S, et al. Development of the children's eating behaviour questionnaire.
The Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines. 2001;42(7):963-70.
-
18. Yilmaz R, Esmeray H, Erkorkmaz U. Adaptation study of the Turkish children's eating behavior questionnaire.
Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry. 2011;12:287-94.
-
19. Owens JA, Spirito A, McGuinn M. The Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ): psychometric
properties of a survey instrument for school-aged children. Sleep-New York. 2000;23(8):1043-52.
-
20. Perdahlı Fiş N, ARMAN A, Ay P, ve ark. The validity and the reliability of Turkish Version of Children's Sleep
Habits Questionnaire. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi. 2010;11(2):151-60.
-
21. Hisli N. Beck Depresyon Envanterinin üniversite öğrencileri için geçerliği, güvenirliği. Psikoloji Dergisi.
1989;7(23):3-13.
-
22. Beck AT. An inventory for measuring depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1961;4(6):561-71.
-
23. Ulusoy M, Sahin NH, Erkmen H. Turkish version of the Beck Anxiety Inventory: psychometric properties.
Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy. 1998;12(2):163.
-
24. Krakowiak P, Goodlin-Jones B, Hertz-Picciotto I, et al. Sleep problems in children with autism spectrum
disorders, developmental delays, and typical development: a population-based study. J Sleep Res.
2008;17(2):197-206.
-
25. Cuomo BM, Vaz S, Lee EAL, et al. Effectiveness of Sleep-Based Interventions for Children with Autism
Spectrum Disorder: A Meta-Synthesis. Pharmacotherapy. 2017;37(5): 555-78.
-
26. Richdale AL, Prior MR. The sleep/wake rhythm in children with autism. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry.
1995;4(3):175-86.
-
27. Devnani PA, Hegde AU. Autism and sleep disorders. J Pediatr Neurosci. 2015;10(4): 304-7.
-
28. Sadeh A. Evaluating night wakings in sleep-disturbed infants: a methodological study of parental reports
and actigraphy. Sleep.1996;19(10):757-62.