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ÇOCUK VE SANAL ORTAM

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 19 Sayı: 1, 27 - 33, 15.01.2018
https://doi.org/10.18229/kocatepetip.411206

Öz

Son yıllarda çocukların bilgisayar ve internet ortamına dahil olmaları, elektronik medya cihazlarının giderek genişleyen çeşitliliği ile artmıştır. Çocuklar bu dünyayı; bilgiye erişim, iletişim, dijital oyunlar, sosyal medya kullanımı gibi alanlarda sıkça kullanmaktadır. Dünyada olduğu gibi ülkemizde de internet kullanan nüfusu giderek artan hızda çocuklar oluşturmaktadır. Bu kadar hızlı gelişen ve değişen bir ortama kendi yaşlarına özgü gelişim özellikleri olan çocukların uyum sağlaması bir takım zorluklar içerebilmektedir. Çocukların internet ve bilgisayar kullanımını kontrol etme ihtiyacı bir çok çalışmada araştırılmıştır. Hızla değişen sanal dünyaya uyum sağlamak güçlükler içermekte, bu yüzden çocukların ekran maruziyeti konusunda önemli ve hassas düzenlemeler belirli aralıklarla güncellenmelidir. Sanal dünyaya uyum sürecinde çocukların gelişimlerini desteklemek önemlidir. Ayrıca çocuklar, sanal dünyayı, fiziksel ve bilişsel yeteneklerine en az zararı olacak şekilde kullanmaları gerekmektedir. İnternet farklı yaş gruplarında farklı şekillerde kullanılmaktadır. Çocuğun sağlıklı bilişsel ve fiziksel gelişimi için, uygun süre ve içerikte kullanımı önerilmektedir. Özellikle okul öncesi dönemde internet ve bilgisayar kullanımının süre ve içerik olarak kontrolü önem taşırken, adölesan dönemde ebeveyn kontrolü daha önemli hale gelebilir. İnternetin aşırı kullanımı ve ayrı kalındığında yoksunluk bulgularının görülmesi olarak tanımlanan internet bağımlılığı en çok adölesan dönemde görülmektedir. Çocuğa yönelik kötü muamele olarak tanımlanan çocuk istismarı, gerçek hayatta olduğu kadar sanal dünyada da karşılaşılan bir sorundur. Bu durumu öngörmek ve bu durumdan çocuklarını korumak öncelikle ebeveynlerin sorumluluğundadır. İnternetin riskleri ön görülebildiğinde, internetin zararlı etkilerini önlemek mümkün olabilmektedir. Sağlıklı çocuk izleminde, klinisyenler çocuğun bilgisayar ve internet kullanımı sırasında karşılaşabileceği riskler konusunda ailelere bilgi vermeli ve bu konuda ailelerin bilgi ve farkındalıklarını artırmalıdır.

Kaynakça

  • Haque A. Information Technology and Surveillance: implications For Public Administration in a New World Order. SSCR 2005; 23:480-485.
  • Livingstone S. Reframing media effects in terms of children’s rights in the digitalage. J Child Media 2016;10: 4–12.
  • TÜİK 2013 yılı hanehalkı bilişim teknolojileri kullanımı sonuçları. Ankara, 2013. http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreHaberBultenleri.do?id=13569Erişim 21.06.2017.
  • Bremer J. The internet and children: advantages and disadvantages. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am. 2005;14(3):405-28.
  • Baer S, Saran K, Green DA, Hong I. Electronic Media Use and Addiction Among Youth in Psychiatric Clinic Versus School Populations. Can J Psychiatry 2012;57(12):728–735.
  • Kaewpradub N, Kiatrungrit K, Hongsanguansri S, Pavasuthipaisit C. Association Among Internet Usage, Body Image and Eating Behaviors of Secondary School Students. Shanghai Arch Psychiatry 2017; 29(4):208-217.
  • Alpaslan AH, Koçak U, Avci K, Uzel Taş H. The association between internet addiction and disordered eating attitudes among Turkish high school students. Eat Weight Disord 2015;20(4):441-8.
  • Cox R, Skouteris H, Rutherford L, FullerTyszkiewicz M, Dell’Aquila D, Hardy LL. Television viewing, television content, food intake, physical activity and body mass index: a cross-sectional study of preschool children aged 2-6 years. Health Promot J Austr 2012;23(1):58–62.
  • Hoare E, Milton K, Foster C, Allender S. Depression, psychological distressand Internet use among community-based Australian adolescents: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2017; 17(1):365.
  • Woods HC, Scott H. Sleepy teens: Social media use in adolescence is associated with poor sleep quality, anxiety, depression and low self-esteem. J Adolesc2016; 51:41-9.
  • Cespedes EM, Gillman MW, Kleinman K, RifasShiman SL, Redline S, Taveras EM. Television viewing, bedroom television, and sleep duration from infancy to mid-childhood. Pediatrics 2014;133:e1163-11171.
  • Crossland MD, Thomas R, Unwin H, et al. Tablet computers versus optical aids to support education andlearning in children and young people with low vision: protocol for a pilotrandomised controlled trial, CREATE (Children Reading with Electronic Assistance To Educate). BMJ Open 2017; 21;7(6):e015939.
  • Livingstone S. What difference does ‘the digital’ make to children’s experiences of risk? Int J PublicHealth 2015; 60:127–128.
  • Diken İH (Editör). Erken Çocukluk Eğitimi. In: Ülke- Kürkçüoğlu B.0-6 yaş arası çocukların temel gelişimsel özellikleri: Bilişsel gelişim ve dil gelişimi Ankara: Pegem Yayınları. 2010:136-167.
  • Mascheroni G, Ólafsson K. The mobile Internet: access, use, opportunities and divides among European children. New Media Soc 2015;17: 1–23.
  • Lau PW, Lau EY, Wong del P, Ransdell L. A systematic review of information and communication technology-based interventions for promoting physical activity behavior change in children and adolescents. J Med Internet Res 2011;13(3):e48.
  • Garrison MM, Christakis DA. A Teacher in the Living Room? Educational Media for Babies, Toddlers and Preschoolers. Menlo Park, CA: Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation; 2005:5-33.
  • Mendelsohn AL, Berkule SB, Tomopoulos S, et al. Infant television and video exposure associated with limited parent-child verbal interactions in low socioeconomic status households. Arch Pediatr AdolescMed 2008; 162:411–417.
  • American Academy of Pediatrics. Policystatement: Children, adolescents, and the media. Pediatrics 2013; 132: 958–61.
  • American Academy of Pediatrics Announces New Recommendations for Children’s Media Use https://www.aap.org/en-us/about-the-aap/aap-press-room/pages/american-academy-of-pediatrics-announces- new-recommendations- for- childrens- media-use.aspx Erişim:29.06.2017.
  • Tomopoulos S, Dreyer BP, Berkule S, Fierman AH, Brockmeyer C, Mendelsohn AL. Infant media exposure and toddler development. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2010; 164: 1105–11.
  • Atkin AJ, Sharp SJ, Corder K, vanSluijs EM. International Children’s Accelerometry Database (ICAD) Collaborators. Prevalence and correlates of screen time in youth: An international perspective Am J PrevMed 2014; 47: 803–7.
  • Asokan S, Surendran S, Asokan S, Nuvvula S. Relevance of Piaget's cognitive principles among 4-7 years old children: a descriptive cross-sectional study. J Indian SocPedod Prev Dent 2014;32:292-6.
  • Christakis DA, Gilkerson J, Richards JA, et al. Audible television and decreased adult words, infant vocalizations, and conversational turns: a population-based study. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2009;163:554–558.
  • .Avrupa Çevirim İçi Çocuklar Projesi (EU Kids Online) Türkiye Raporu. http. Eukids online.metu.edu.tr/ Erişim:25.06.2017
  • The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual and Mental Disorders (5th ed.;DSM-5; American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
  • Young KS. Internet addiction. AmBehavSci 2004;48:402-441.
  • Treuer T, Fábián Z, Füredi J. Internet addiction associated with features of impulse control disorder: is it a realpsychiatric disorder? J Affect Disord 2001; 66:283.
  • Yang SC, Tung CJ. Comparison of internet addicts and non-addicts in Taiwanese high school. Computers in Human Behavior 2007; 23: 79-96.
  • Esen E, Siyez MD. Ergenlerde İnternet Bağımlılığını Yordayan Psiko-sosyal Değişkenlerin İncelenmesi. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi 2011, 4: 127-138.
  • Arısoy Ö. İnternet Bağımlılığı ve Tedavisi. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklașımlar 2009; 1:55-67.
  • Burgess AW, Mahoney M, Visk J, Morgenbesser L. Cyber child sexual exploitation. J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv 2008; 46:38-45.
  • Taner Y, Gökler B. Çocuk istismarı ve ihmali: psikiyatrik yönleri. Hacettepe Tıp Dergisi 2004; 35:82-86.
  • Hodge LM, Turner KMT, Sanders MR, Forster M. Factors that influence evidence-based program sustainment for family support providers in child protection services in disadvantaged communities. Child Abuse Negl 2017; 10:134-145.
  • AAP Councilon Communications and Media. Media and Young Minds. Pediatrics. 2016;138(5):e20162591.

CHILD and VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENT

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 19 Sayı: 1, 27 - 33, 15.01.2018
https://doi.org/10.18229/kocatepetip.411206

Öz

The involvement of children in the virtual environment has been increased in recent years by the ever-expanding diversity of electronic media devices. Children often use this virtual world to access to information, in areas such as communication, digital games, and social media. The children are forming the population using the internet by the growing rate in our country similar to all over the world. It has some difficulties to accommodate to a fast developing and changing condition for the children who have age specific characteristics. The need to control the internet and computer usage of the children have been investigated in many trials. It has some difficulties to adapt to the rapidly changing virtual world, therefore the regulations about the screen exposure of children should be updated at definitive intervals. It is important to support the development of children during their adaptation to the virtual world. Also; the children should use the virtual world with minimum harm to their physical and cognitive abilities. The internet is used in different forms in different aged groups. Its use is recommended in an appropriate time and context for the cognitive and physical development of children. While the using period and content of internet and computer usage is important especially in the pre-school period, parental control for the adolescent period may carry out more importance. Internet dependence, which is defined as the overuse of the Internet and having absence findings in the case of separation, is seen mostly in adolescent period. Child abuse that is described as ill-treatment to the child is a problem in the virtual environment as well as in real life. Initially, parents have responsibility to foresee and to protect their children from this situation. It may be possible to prevent harmful effects of internet when the risks of the internet can be predicted. The clinicians should inform the parents regarding the risks of the computer and internet usage of the childen and increase the knowledge and awareness of the parents about that issue in healthy child follow-up visits

Kaynakça

  • Haque A. Information Technology and Surveillance: implications For Public Administration in a New World Order. SSCR 2005; 23:480-485.
  • Livingstone S. Reframing media effects in terms of children’s rights in the digitalage. J Child Media 2016;10: 4–12.
  • TÜİK 2013 yılı hanehalkı bilişim teknolojileri kullanımı sonuçları. Ankara, 2013. http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreHaberBultenleri.do?id=13569Erişim 21.06.2017.
  • Bremer J. The internet and children: advantages and disadvantages. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am. 2005;14(3):405-28.
  • Baer S, Saran K, Green DA, Hong I. Electronic Media Use and Addiction Among Youth in Psychiatric Clinic Versus School Populations. Can J Psychiatry 2012;57(12):728–735.
  • Kaewpradub N, Kiatrungrit K, Hongsanguansri S, Pavasuthipaisit C. Association Among Internet Usage, Body Image and Eating Behaviors of Secondary School Students. Shanghai Arch Psychiatry 2017; 29(4):208-217.
  • Alpaslan AH, Koçak U, Avci K, Uzel Taş H. The association between internet addiction and disordered eating attitudes among Turkish high school students. Eat Weight Disord 2015;20(4):441-8.
  • Cox R, Skouteris H, Rutherford L, FullerTyszkiewicz M, Dell’Aquila D, Hardy LL. Television viewing, television content, food intake, physical activity and body mass index: a cross-sectional study of preschool children aged 2-6 years. Health Promot J Austr 2012;23(1):58–62.
  • Hoare E, Milton K, Foster C, Allender S. Depression, psychological distressand Internet use among community-based Australian adolescents: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2017; 17(1):365.
  • Woods HC, Scott H. Sleepy teens: Social media use in adolescence is associated with poor sleep quality, anxiety, depression and low self-esteem. J Adolesc2016; 51:41-9.
  • Cespedes EM, Gillman MW, Kleinman K, RifasShiman SL, Redline S, Taveras EM. Television viewing, bedroom television, and sleep duration from infancy to mid-childhood. Pediatrics 2014;133:e1163-11171.
  • Crossland MD, Thomas R, Unwin H, et al. Tablet computers versus optical aids to support education andlearning in children and young people with low vision: protocol for a pilotrandomised controlled trial, CREATE (Children Reading with Electronic Assistance To Educate). BMJ Open 2017; 21;7(6):e015939.
  • Livingstone S. What difference does ‘the digital’ make to children’s experiences of risk? Int J PublicHealth 2015; 60:127–128.
  • Diken İH (Editör). Erken Çocukluk Eğitimi. In: Ülke- Kürkçüoğlu B.0-6 yaş arası çocukların temel gelişimsel özellikleri: Bilişsel gelişim ve dil gelişimi Ankara: Pegem Yayınları. 2010:136-167.
  • Mascheroni G, Ólafsson K. The mobile Internet: access, use, opportunities and divides among European children. New Media Soc 2015;17: 1–23.
  • Lau PW, Lau EY, Wong del P, Ransdell L. A systematic review of information and communication technology-based interventions for promoting physical activity behavior change in children and adolescents. J Med Internet Res 2011;13(3):e48.
  • Garrison MM, Christakis DA. A Teacher in the Living Room? Educational Media for Babies, Toddlers and Preschoolers. Menlo Park, CA: Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation; 2005:5-33.
  • Mendelsohn AL, Berkule SB, Tomopoulos S, et al. Infant television and video exposure associated with limited parent-child verbal interactions in low socioeconomic status households. Arch Pediatr AdolescMed 2008; 162:411–417.
  • American Academy of Pediatrics. Policystatement: Children, adolescents, and the media. Pediatrics 2013; 132: 958–61.
  • American Academy of Pediatrics Announces New Recommendations for Children’s Media Use https://www.aap.org/en-us/about-the-aap/aap-press-room/pages/american-academy-of-pediatrics-announces- new-recommendations- for- childrens- media-use.aspx Erişim:29.06.2017.
  • Tomopoulos S, Dreyer BP, Berkule S, Fierman AH, Brockmeyer C, Mendelsohn AL. Infant media exposure and toddler development. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2010; 164: 1105–11.
  • Atkin AJ, Sharp SJ, Corder K, vanSluijs EM. International Children’s Accelerometry Database (ICAD) Collaborators. Prevalence and correlates of screen time in youth: An international perspective Am J PrevMed 2014; 47: 803–7.
  • Asokan S, Surendran S, Asokan S, Nuvvula S. Relevance of Piaget's cognitive principles among 4-7 years old children: a descriptive cross-sectional study. J Indian SocPedod Prev Dent 2014;32:292-6.
  • Christakis DA, Gilkerson J, Richards JA, et al. Audible television and decreased adult words, infant vocalizations, and conversational turns: a population-based study. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2009;163:554–558.
  • .Avrupa Çevirim İçi Çocuklar Projesi (EU Kids Online) Türkiye Raporu. http. Eukids online.metu.edu.tr/ Erişim:25.06.2017
  • The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual and Mental Disorders (5th ed.;DSM-5; American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
  • Young KS. Internet addiction. AmBehavSci 2004;48:402-441.
  • Treuer T, Fábián Z, Füredi J. Internet addiction associated with features of impulse control disorder: is it a realpsychiatric disorder? J Affect Disord 2001; 66:283.
  • Yang SC, Tung CJ. Comparison of internet addicts and non-addicts in Taiwanese high school. Computers in Human Behavior 2007; 23: 79-96.
  • Esen E, Siyez MD. Ergenlerde İnternet Bağımlılığını Yordayan Psiko-sosyal Değişkenlerin İncelenmesi. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi 2011, 4: 127-138.
  • Arısoy Ö. İnternet Bağımlılığı ve Tedavisi. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklașımlar 2009; 1:55-67.
  • Burgess AW, Mahoney M, Visk J, Morgenbesser L. Cyber child sexual exploitation. J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv 2008; 46:38-45.
  • Taner Y, Gökler B. Çocuk istismarı ve ihmali: psikiyatrik yönleri. Hacettepe Tıp Dergisi 2004; 35:82-86.
  • Hodge LM, Turner KMT, Sanders MR, Forster M. Factors that influence evidence-based program sustainment for family support providers in child protection services in disadvantaged communities. Child Abuse Negl 2017; 10:134-145.
  • AAP Councilon Communications and Media. Media and Young Minds. Pediatrics. 2016;138(5):e20162591.
Toplam 35 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm Derlemeler
Yazarlar

Seda Topçu

Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Ocak 2018
Kabul Tarihi 7 Kasım 2017
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2018 Cilt: 19 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Topçu, S. (2018). ÇOCUK VE SANAL ORTAM. Kocatepe Tıp Dergisi, 19(1), 27-33. https://doi.org/10.18229/kocatepetip.411206
AMA Topçu S. ÇOCUK VE SANAL ORTAM. KTD. Ocak 2018;19(1):27-33. doi:10.18229/kocatepetip.411206
Chicago Topçu, Seda. “ÇOCUK VE SANAL ORTAM”. Kocatepe Tıp Dergisi 19, sy. 1 (Ocak 2018): 27-33. https://doi.org/10.18229/kocatepetip.411206.
EndNote Topçu S (01 Ocak 2018) ÇOCUK VE SANAL ORTAM. Kocatepe Tıp Dergisi 19 1 27–33.
IEEE S. Topçu, “ÇOCUK VE SANAL ORTAM”, KTD, c. 19, sy. 1, ss. 27–33, 2018, doi: 10.18229/kocatepetip.411206.
ISNAD Topçu, Seda. “ÇOCUK VE SANAL ORTAM”. Kocatepe Tıp Dergisi 19/1 (Ocak 2018), 27-33. https://doi.org/10.18229/kocatepetip.411206.
JAMA Topçu S. ÇOCUK VE SANAL ORTAM. KTD. 2018;19:27–33.
MLA Topçu, Seda. “ÇOCUK VE SANAL ORTAM”. Kocatepe Tıp Dergisi, c. 19, sy. 1, 2018, ss. 27-33, doi:10.18229/kocatepetip.411206.
Vancouver Topçu S. ÇOCUK VE SANAL ORTAM. KTD. 2018;19(1):27-33.

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