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A Practical Study on Two-Dimensional Acoustic Direction-of-Arrival Estimation: Comparative Evaluation Using an Eight-Microphone Circular Array

Cilt: 2026 Sayı: 17 11 Kasım 2026
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A Practical Study on Two-Dimensional Acoustic Direction-of-Arrival Estimation: Comparative Evaluation Using an Eight-Microphone Circular Array

Öz

Joint estimation of source azimuth and elevation is sensitive to array geometry, room reflections, observation length, sampling frequency, and preprocessing. This study presents a controlled within-collection comparison of generalized cross-correlation with phase transform (GCC-PHAT), steered response power with phase transform (SRP-PHAT), multiple signal classification (MUSIC), and minimum variance distortionless response (MVDR) using a vertically mounted eight-microphone circular array in an acoustically untreated indoor room. Synchronized measurements were obtained at 220 labeled source coordinates and divided into five non-overlapping temporal excerpts per coordinate, yielding 1,100 multichannel evaluation units. All algorithms used the same recordings, measured microphone coordinates, angular convention, and error definitions. Observation duration, processing sample rate, energy-based active-frame selection, and channel-wise Wiener filtering were varied. Under the best observed within-collection configuration for each implementation, mean Euclidean error in the azimuth-elevation coordinate plane was 0.84° for SRP-PHAT, 0.85° for GCC-PHAT, 1.00° for MUSIC, and 1.18° for MVDR. Error generally decreased with observation duration, with diminishing improvement at longer durations. Preprocessing effects were estimator-dependent. The results provide an implementation-specific accuracy-runtime comparison rather than a universal ranking of the algorithms.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Destekleyen Kurum

This research was supported through an international project funded by NVIDIA and the Bridge to Turkey Fund (BTF).

Etik Beyan

The author(s) of this article declares that the materials and methods used in this study do not require ethical committee permission and/or legal-special permission.

Kaynakça

  1. [1] Brandstein M, Ward D, editors. Microphone arrays: signal processing techniques and applications. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2001. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04619-7.
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  5. [5] DiBiase JH, Silverman HF, Brandstein MS. Robust localization in reverberant rooms. In: Brandstein M, Ward D, editors. Microphone arrays: signal processing techniques and applications. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2001. p. 157-180. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04619-7_8.
  6. [6] Grinstein E, Tengan E, Çakmak B, Dietzen T, Nunes L, van Waterschoot T, Brookes M, Naylor PA. Steered response power for sound source localization: a tutorial review. EURASIP Journal on Audio, Speech, and Music Processing. 2024;2024(1):59. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13636-024-00377-z.
  7. [7] Schmidt RO. Multiple emitter location and signal parameter estimation. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation. 1986;34(3):276-280. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.1986.1143830.
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Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Bilgisayar Görüşü ve Çoklu Ortam Hesaplama (Diğer)

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yayımlanma Tarihi

11 Kasım 2026

Gönderilme Tarihi

3 Ağustos 2026

Kabul Tarihi

4 Ekim 2026

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2026 Cilt: 2026 Sayı: 17

Kaynak Göster

APA
Bolat, B., Coşkun, E., & Karaca, A. C. (2026). A Practical Study on Two-Dimensional Acoustic Direction-of-Arrival Estimation: Comparative Evaluation Using an Eight-Microphone Circular Array. Kocaeli Journal of Science and Engineering, 2026(17), 232-242. https://doi.org/10.34088/kojose.2009159
AMA
1.Bolat B, Coşkun E, Karaca AC. A Practical Study on Two-Dimensional Acoustic Direction-of-Arrival Estimation: Comparative Evaluation Using an Eight-Microphone Circular Array. KOJOSE. 2026;2026(17):232-242. doi:10.34088/kojose.2009159
Chicago
Bolat, Berkay, Emirhan Coşkun, ve Ali Can Karaca. 2026. “A Practical Study on Two-Dimensional Acoustic Direction-of-Arrival Estimation: Comparative Evaluation Using an Eight-Microphone Circular Array”. Kocaeli Journal of Science and Engineering 2026 (17): 232-42. https://doi.org/10.34088/kojose.2009159.
EndNote
Bolat B, Coşkun E, Karaca AC (11 Kasım 2026) A Practical Study on Two-Dimensional Acoustic Direction-of-Arrival Estimation: Comparative Evaluation Using an Eight-Microphone Circular Array. Kocaeli Journal of Science and Engineering 2026 17 232–242.
IEEE
[1]B. Bolat, E. Coşkun, ve A. C. Karaca, “A Practical Study on Two-Dimensional Acoustic Direction-of-Arrival Estimation: Comparative Evaluation Using an Eight-Microphone Circular Array”, KOJOSE, c. 2026, sy 17, ss. 232–242, Kas. 2026, doi: 10.34088/kojose.2009159.
ISNAD
Bolat, Berkay - Coşkun, Emirhan - Karaca, Ali Can. “A Practical Study on Two-Dimensional Acoustic Direction-of-Arrival Estimation: Comparative Evaluation Using an Eight-Microphone Circular Array”. Kocaeli Journal of Science and Engineering 2026/17 (11 Kasım 2026): 232-242. https://doi.org/10.34088/kojose.2009159.
JAMA
1.Bolat B, Coşkun E, Karaca AC. A Practical Study on Two-Dimensional Acoustic Direction-of-Arrival Estimation: Comparative Evaluation Using an Eight-Microphone Circular Array. KOJOSE. 2026;2026:232–242.
MLA
Bolat, Berkay, vd. “A Practical Study on Two-Dimensional Acoustic Direction-of-Arrival Estimation: Comparative Evaluation Using an Eight-Microphone Circular Array”. Kocaeli Journal of Science and Engineering, c. 2026, sy 17, Kasım 2026, ss. 232-4, doi:10.34088/kojose.2009159.
Vancouver
1.Berkay Bolat, Emirhan Coşkun, Ali Can Karaca. A Practical Study on Two-Dimensional Acoustic Direction-of-Arrival Estimation: Comparative Evaluation Using an Eight-Microphone Circular Array. KOJOSE. 11 Kasım 2026;2026(17):232-4. doi:10.34088/kojose.2009159