Efficiency Analysis With Desirable and Undesirable Outputs: Example of Food Industry Firms of Kocaeli Province

Öz

At the beginning of the needs that humans need to meet in order to survive, comes the need for food. This need's having continuity, on the one hand, and the difficulties in reaching the products that meet this need on the other hand, make the food industry one of the most strategic sectors in the manufacturing industry. Therefore, the existence of a food industry producing at high efficiency levels is of great importance in meeting the food supply of the country. However, by focusing only on economic efficiency, production structures that ignore undesirable outputs such as solid wastes, wastewater or emissions can destroy environmental elements and endanger the sustainability of the system. In this study, efficiency levels of food industry firms operating in Kocaeli province were tested both economically and environmentally with the help of data envelopment analysis. According to the findings of the study, the fact that undesirable outputs are not included in the efficiency analysis reveals distorted and misleading results and disrupts the efficiency order of the units.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Data envelopment analysis,enviromental efficiency,undesirable outputs,manufacture of food products

İstenen ve İstenmeyen Çıktılarla Etkinlik Analizi: Kocaeli Gıda Sanayii Firmaları Örneği

Öz

İnsanoğlunun yaşamını devam ettirebilmesi için karşılamak zorunda olduğu ihtiyaçların başında gıda gereksinimi gelmektedir. Bu ihtiyacın bir yandan süreklilik taşıyor olması, diğer yandan da bu ihtiyacı karşılayan ürünlere ulaşmada karşılaşılan zorluklar, gıda sanayiini imalat sanayi içerisinde en stratejik sektörlerden biri konumuna taşımaktadır. Dolayısıyla yüksek etkinlik düzeylerinde üretim yapan bir gıda sanayinin varlığı, ülkenin gıda arzını karşılamada büyük önem taşımaktadır. Ancak yalnızca iktisadi etkinliğe odaklanarak katı atıklar, atık sular ya da emisyonlar gibi istenmeyen çıktıları görmezden gelen üretim yapıları çevresel unsurları tahrip etmekte ve sistemin sürdürülebilirliğini tehlikeye sokabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada Kocaeli ilinde faaliyette bulunan gıda sanayi firmalarının etkinlik düzeyleri, veri zarflama analizi yardımıyla hem iktisadi hem de çevresel olarak test edilmiştir. Çalışmanın bulgularına göre istenmeyen çıktıların analize dahil edilmemesi sapmalı ve yanıltıcı sonuçlar ortaya koymakta ve birimlerin etkinlik sıralamalarını bozmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Veri zarflama analizi,çevresel etkinlik,istenmeyen çıktılar,gıda ürünleri imalatı

Kaynakça

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