Hukuki Yönden Akıllı Sözleşme (Smart Contract) Kavramı

Yıl 2018, Sayı: 35, 29 - 42, 01.07.2018

Argun Karamanlıoğlu

Öz

Teknolojik gelişmeler, gittikçe önem kazanan yeni hukuki kavramların da önünü açmaktadır. Günlük hayatta, Özel Hukuk alanında en çok gerçekleştirilen hukuki işlem türü sözleşmelerdir. Bu özelliği itibarıyla, söz konusu teknolojik gelişmeler, Sözleşme Hukuku alanında üzerinde büyük ve hızlı bir etkiye sahip olmaktadır. Akıllı sözleşme (smart contract) kavramı da teknolojik gelişmelerin, Sözleşme Hukuku alanına getirdiği son gelişmelerden biridir. Esasen, akıllı sözleşme kavramı, adının uyandırdığı izlenimin aksine, yeni bir sözleşme türü olmayıp; sözleşmeden doğan borçların ifası bakımından önemli çözümler getiren bir kavramdır. Çalışmamızda, akıllı sözleşme kavramının tanımı yapıldıktan sonra, akıllı sözleşmenin teknik altyapısı ile ilgili temel bilgiler verilecek ve akıllı sözleşme sürecindeki işlemler hukuki yönden nitelendirilecek ve akıllı sözleşmenin avantajları ve dezavantajları ortaya konulacaktır. Ayrıca akıllı sözleşmelerin hukuki yönden sağlayacağı kolaylıklar ile uygulamada ortaya çıkabilecek olası sorunlar da tartışılacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Akıllı sözleşmeler, sözleşme hukuku, teknoloji ve hukuk

Concept of Smart Contracts – A Legal Perspective1

Öz

Technological advances pave the way for new legal concepts with increasingly high importance. Contracts are the most conducted legal transactions in daily life. Thus, technological advances have a great and fast effect in field of Contract Law. Concept of smart contract is one of the latest developments of Contract Law that is introduced by technological advances. Smart contract is not a type of contract, contrary to the impression based on term, but it is a new concept bringing important solutions to legal enforcement of contractual obligations. In our article, a definition of smart contract concept is given at first, then basic information about technical infrastructure of smart contracts shall be discussed briefly, while transactions carried out in process of smart contracts along with advantages and disadvantages brought by smart contracts are analyzed. Furthermore, legal advantages that will be brought by smart contracts and possible legal problems are also discussed.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Smart contracts, contract law, technology & law

Kaynakça

• J. Beatson, A. Burrows, J. Cartwright (2010). Anson’s Law of Contract, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
• Christian Sillaber, Bernhard Waltl (2017). “Life Cycle of Smart Contracts in Blockchain Ecosystems”. Datenschutz und Datensicherheit, 41 (8), pp. 497-500.
• Cuccuru, Pierluigi (2017). “Beyond bitcoin: an early overview on smart contracts”. International Journal of Law and Information Technology, 25 (3), p. 179–195.
• De Franceschi, Alberto (2016). “European Contract Law and the Digital Single Market: Current Issues and New Perspectives”. In: Ed. Alberto De Franceschi. European Contract Law and the Digital Single Market – The Implications of the Digital Single Market. Cambridge: Intersentia, pp. 1-18.
• Helvacı, İlhan (2017). Turkish Contract Law. Cham: Springer International Publishing AG.
• Jaccard, Gabriel Olivier Benjamin (2017). “Smart Contracts and the Role of Law”. Jusletter IT 23. November 2017. Johnston, Angus Charles, Basil Markesinis, Hannes Unberath (2006). The German Law of Contract: A Comparative Treatise. Portland: Hart Publishing.
• Kevin Werbach, Nicolas Cornell (2017). “Contracts Ex Machina”. Duke Law Journal, 67 (2), pp. 313-382.
• Kocayusufpaşaoğlu, Necip (2014). Borçlar Hukuku Genel Bölüm, V. I. İstanbul: Filiz Kitabevi. Markus Kaulartz, Jörn Heckmann (2016). “Smart Contracts – Anwendungen der Blockchain-Technologie”. Computer und Recht, 32 (9), pp. 618-624.
• Merit Kolvart, Margus Poola, Addi Rull (2016). “Smart Contracts”. In. Ed. Tanel Kerikmae, Addi Rull. The Future of Law and eTechnologies, Cham: Springer International Publishing AG.
• Mik, Elizabeth (2017). “Smart contracts: terminology, technical limitations and real world complexity”. Law, Innovation and Technology, 9 (2), pp. 269-300.
• Raskin. Max (2017). “The Law and Legality of Smart Contracts”. Georgetown Law Technology Review, 1 (2), pp. 305-341.
• O’Sullivan, Janet, Jonathan Hilliard (2012). The Law of Contract. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
• Sanlı, Kerem Cem (2015). Sözleşme Hukuku ve Sözleşme Yaptırımlarının Ekonomik Analizi. İstanbul: On İki Levha.
• Savelyev, Alexander (2017). “Contract law 2.0: ‘Smart’ contracts as the beginning of the end of classic contract law”, Information & Communications Technology Law, 26 (2), p. 116-134.
• Sklaroff, Jeremy M. (2017). “Smart Contracts and the Cost of Inflexibility”. University of Pennsylvania Law Review, 166 (1), pp. 263-303.
• Stephan D. Meyer, Benedikt Schuppli (2017). “«Smart Contracts» und deren Einordnung in das schweizerische Vertragsrecht”. recht 2017/3, pp. 204-224.
• Szabo, Nick (1996). Smart Contracts: Building Blocks for Digital Markets. http://www.fon.hum.uva.nl/rob/Courses/InformationInSpeech/CDROM/Literature/LOTwinterschool2006/szabo.best.vwh.net/smart_contracts_2.html/ 15.11.2017
• Szabo, Nick (1996). Smart Contracts: Building Blocks for Digital Markets. http://www.fon.hum.uva.nl/rob/Courses/InformationInSpeech/CDROM/Literature/LOTwinterschool2006/szabo.best.vwh.net/smart_contracts_2.html/15.11.2017
• Treitel, Guenter (2003). The Law of Contract. London, Sweet & Maxwell.