Sağlık Çalışanlarında Psikososyal Güvenlik İklimi ve Psikolojik İyi Oluş Arasındaki İlişkide Örgütsel Özdeşleşmenin Aracı Etkisi

Öz

Araştırma bulguları, sağlık çalışanlarının psikolojik iyi oluşlarına öncelik verilmesi gerektiğini vurgulamaktadır. Bu araştırma ile sağlık çalışanlarının psikososyal güvenlik iklimi algılarının psikolojik iyi oluş üzerindeki etkisi ve bu etkide örgütsel özdeşleşmenin aracılık rolünün belirlenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Araştırma kesitsel olarak gerçekleştirilmiş olup anket aracılığıyla toplanmıştır. Veriler bir kamu hastanesindeki 313 sağlık çalışanından toplanmıştır. Araştırma değişkenleri arasındaki ilişkiler çok değişkenli regresyon analizi kullanılarak test edilmiştir. Aracılık etkisi ise SPSS PROCESS makrosu ile test edilmiştir (Model 4). Sonuçlara göre, psikososyal güvenlik ikliminin psikolojik iyi oluşu ve örgütsel özdeşleşmeyi artırdığı bulunmuştur. Ayrıca örgütsel özdeşleşmenin psikososyal güvenlik iklimi ile psikolojik iyi oluş arasındaki ilişkiye kısmen aracılık ettiği de doğrulanmıştır. Bu çalışma, psikososyal güvenlik ikliminin psikolojik iyi oluş ve örgütsel özdeşleşme üzerindeki etkisini belirlemesi açısından önemlidir. Ayrıca bu araştırma ile psikososyal güvenlik ölçeğinin Türkçe geçerlik ve güvenirliği gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sağlık çalışanlarının psikolojik iyi oluşlarını ve örgütsel özdeşleşmelerini artırmak için sağlık çalışanlarının fiziksel güvenlik koşulları kadar psikososyal güvenliğine de önem verilmesi ve yöneticilerin bu konudaki farkındalıklarını artırmaya yönelik programlar geliştirilmesi önerilebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Psikososyal Güvenlik İklimi
• Psikolojik İyi Oluş
• Örgütsel Özdeşleşme
• Sağlık Çalışanları

Psychosocial Safety Climate and Psychological Well-Being in Healthcare Workers: The Mediating Effect of Organization Identification

Öz

The findings of the researchers emphasize that the psychological well-being of healthcare professionals should be prioritized. This study aims to determine the effect of healthcare workers' perceptions of psychosocial safety climate on psychological wellbeing and the mediating role of organisational identification in this effect. This study was conducted in a cross-sectional survey. Data were collected from 313 health workers in a public hospital. The relationships between the research variables were tested using multivariate regression analysis. The mediation effect was tested with SPSS PROCESS macro (Model 4). According to the results, psychosocial safety climate was found to increase psychological well-being and organization identification. The study also confirmed that organizational identification partially mediates the relationship between psychosocial safety climate and psychological well-being among healthcare workers. This study is important in terms of determining the effect of psychosocial safety climate on psychological wellbeing and organization identification. Furthermore, this study examined the reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Psychosocial Security Scale. To enhance the psychological well-being and organisational identification of health workers, it is recommended to prioritise psychosocial security alongside physical safety conditions for health workers and to implement training programmes to enhance managerial awareness of this issue.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Psychosocial Safety Climate
• Psychological Wellbeing
• Organization Identification
• Health Workers

Kaynakça

1. Adjei, K. O. (2020). Examining the relationship between perceived diversity climate, psychological safety, organizational ıdentification, and occupational self-efficacy. (Master of Arts), University of Minnesota.
2. Afsharian, A., Zadow, A., Dollard, M. F., Dormann, C., & Ziaian, T. (2018). Should psychosocial safety climate theory be extended to include climate strength? Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 23(4), 496–507. https://doi.org/10.1037/ocp0000101
3. Agyeiwaah, E., Bangwayo-Skeete, P., & Opoku, E. K. (2023). The impact of migrant workers’ inclusion on subjective well-being, organizational identification, and organizational citizenship behavior. Tourism Review, June. https://doi.org/10.1108/TR-11-2022-0576
4. Ashforth, B. E., & Mael, F. (1989). Linked references are available on JSTOR for this article : Social Identity Theory and the Organization. Academy of Management, 14(1), 20–39. https://doi.org/10.1097/EDE.ObO13e31812e5535
5. Avanzi, L., van Dick, R., Fraccaroli, F., & Sarchielli, G. (2012). The downside of organizational identification: Relations between identification, workaholism and well-being. Work & Stress, 26(3), 289–307. https://doi.org/10.1080/02678373.2012.712291
6. Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E. (2007). The Job Demands‐Resources model: state of the art. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 22(3), 309–328. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683940710733115
7. Bartels, J., Pruyn, A., de Jong, M., & Joustra, I. (2007). Multiple organizational identification levels and the impact of perceived external prestige and communication climate. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 28(2), 173–190. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.420
8. Bouzikos, S., Afsharian, A., Dollard, M., & Brecht, O. (2022). Contextualising the effectiveness of an employee assistance program intervention on psychological health: The role of corporate climate. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(9), 5067. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095067

9. Bronkhorst, B. (2015). Behaving safely under pressure: The effects of job demands, resources, and safety climate on employee physical and psychosocial safety behavior. Journal of Safety Research, 55, 63–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2015.09.002
10. Browne, M. W., & Cudeck, R. (1992). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. Sociological Methods & Research, 21(2), 230–258. https://doi.org/10.1177/0049124192021002005
11. Brunetto, Y., Saheli, N., Dick, T., & Nelson, S. (2022). Psychosocial safety climate, psychological capital, healthcare SLBs’ wellbeing and innovative behaviour during the COVID 19 pandemic. Public Performance & Management Review, 45(4), 751–772. https://doi.org/10.1080/15309576.2021.1918189
12. Chin, W. W., & Newsted, P. R. (1999). Structural equation modeling analysis with small samples using partial least squares. Statistical Strategies for Small Sample Research, 1(1), 307-341.
13. Chin, Wynne W., Gopal, A., & Salisbury, W. D. (1997). Advancing the theory of adaptive structuration: The development of a scale to measure faithfulness of appropriation. Information Systems Research, 8(4), 342–367. https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.8.4.342
14. Daniels, K., Watson, D., Nayani, R., Tregaskis, O., Hogg, M., Etuknwa, A., & Semkina, A. (2021). Implementing practices focused on workplace health and psychological wellbeing: A systematic review. Social Science & Medicine, 277(March), 113888. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.113888
15. De Giorgio, A., Barattucci, M., Teresi, M., Raulli, G., Ballone, C., Ramaci, T., & Pagliaro, S. (2023). Organizational identification as a trigger for personal well‐being: Associations with happiness and stress through job outcomes. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, 33(1), 138–151. https://doi.org/10.1002/casp.2648
16. Diener, E., Wirtz, D., Tov, W., Kim-Prieto, C., Choi, D., Oishi, S., & Biswas-Diener, R. (2010). New well-being measures: Short scales to assess flourishing and positive and negative feelings. Social Indicators Research, 97(2), 143–156. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-009-9493-y
17. Dollard, M. F., & McTernan, W. (2011). Psychosocial safety climate: a multilevel theory of work stress in the health and community service sector. Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences, 20(4), 287–293. https://doi.org/10.1017/S2045796011000588
18. Dollard, Maureen F., & Bakker, A. B. (2010). Psychosocial safety climate as a precursor to conducive work environments, psychological health problems, and employee engagement. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 83(3), 579–599. https://doi.org/10.1348/096317909X470690
19. Dollard, Maureen F., & Karasek, R. A. (2010). Building Psychosocial Safety Climate. In J. Houdmont & S. Leka (Eds.), Contemporary Occupational Health Psychology (pp. 208–233). Wiley-Blackwell. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470661550.ch11
20. Dollard, Maureen F., Opie, T., Lenthall, S., Wakerman, J., Knight, S., Dunn, S., Rickard, G., & MacLeod, M. (2012). Psychosocial safety climate as an antecedent of work characteristics and psychological strain: A multilevel model. Work & Stress, 26(4), 385–404. https://doi.org/10.1080/02678373.2012.734154
21. Dollard, Maureen F., Tuckey, M. R., & Dormann, C. (2012). Psychosocial safety climate moderates the job demand-resource interaction in predicting workgroup distress. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 45, 694–704. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2011.09.042
22. Eurofound. (2012). Human health sector : Working conditions and job quality.
23. Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39. https://doi.org/10.2307/3151312
24. Gray, P., Senabe, S., Naicker, N., Kgalamono, S., Yassi, A., & Spiegel, J. M. (2019). Workplace-based organizational interventions promoting mental health and happiness among healthcare workers: A realist review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(22), 4396. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16224396
25. Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2010). Multivariate Data Analysis: A Global Perspective (7th ed.). Pearson, NJ.
26. Hall, G. B., Dollard, M. F., & Coward, J. (2010). Psychosocial safety climate: Development of the PSC-12. International Journal of Stress Management, 17(4), 353–383. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0021320
27. Hameed, I., Ijaz, M. U., & Sabharwal, M. (2022). The impact of human resources environment and organizational identification on employees’ psychological well-being. Public Personnel Management, 51(1), 71–96. https://doi.org/10.1177/00910260211001397
28. Harris, G. E., & Cameron, J. E. (2005). Multiple dimensions of organizational identification and commitment as predictors of turnover intentions and psychological well-being. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science / Revue Canadienne Des Sciences Du Comportement, 37(3), 159–169. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0087253
29. Hayes, A. F. (2022). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis. In Nucl. Phys. (Third). Guilford Press.
30. Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118
31. Hu, Q., Dollard, M. F., & Taris, T. W. (2022). Organizational context matters: Psychosocial safety climate as a precursor to team and individual motivational functioning. Safety Science, 145(October 2021), 105524. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2021.105524
32. Idris, M. A., & Dollard, M. F. (2011). Psychosocial safety climate, work conditions, and emotions in the workplace: A Malaysian population-based work stress study. International Journal of Stress Management, 18(4), 324–347. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0024849
33. Idris, M. A., Dollard, M. F., Coward, J., & Dormann, C. (2012). Psychosocial safety climate: Conceptual distinctiveness and effect on job demands and worker psychological health. Safety Science, 50(1), 19–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2011.06.005
34. Karaalioğlu, Z. F. (2019). Algılanan örgütsel destek ile iş performansı ilişkisinde örgütsel özdeşleşme, iş tatmini ve örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışının aracı rol (The mediating role of organisational identification, job satisfaction and organisational citizenship behaviour in the . (Doctoral Thesis), Istanbul Commerce University Institute of Social Sciences.
35. Keyes, C. L. M., Shmotkin, D., & Ryff, C. D. (2002). Optimizing well-being: The empirical encounter of two traditions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82(6), 1007–1022. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.82.6.1007
36. Klinefelter, Z., Sinclair, R. R., Britt, T. W., Sawhney, G., Black, K. J., & Munc, A. (2021). Psychosocial safety climate and stigma: Reporting stress‐related concerns at work. Stress and Health, 37(3), 488–503. https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.3010
37. Law, R., Dollard, M. F., Tuckey, M. R., & Dormann, C. (2011). Psychosocial safety climate as a lead indicator of workplace bullying and harassment, job resources, psychological health and employee engagement. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 43(5), 1782–1793. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2011.04.010
38. Mael, F., & Ashforth, B. E. (1992). Alumni and their alma mater: A partial test of the reformulated model of organizational identification. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 13(2), 103–123. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.4030130202
39. Mansour, S., Faisal Azeem, M., Dollard, M., & Potter, R. (2022). How Psychosocial Safety Climate Helped Alleviate Work Intensification Effects on Presenteeism during the COVID-19 Crisis? A Moderated Mediation Model. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(20), 13673. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192013673
40. Mantler, E. (2022). Caring for caregivers: Supporting the psychological health and well-being of healthcare workers. Healthcare Management Forum, 35(4), 218–221. https://doi.org/10.1177/08404704221090087
41. McLinton, S. S., Afsharian, A., Dollard, M. F., & Tuckey, M. R. (2019). The dynamic interplay of physical and psychosocial safety climates in frontline healthcare. Stress and Health, 35(5), 650–664. https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.2898
42. McLinton, S. S., Dollard, M. F., & Tuckey, M. R. (2018). New perspectives on psychosocial safety climate in healthcare: A mixed methods approach. Safety Science, 109(June), 236–245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2018.06.005
43. Öktem, Ş., & Öztoprak, M. (2020). The effects of workplace safety climate on organizational identification and job satisfaction perceptions in hotel kitchens. Journal of Hospitally, 0924(1–2), 15–29.
44. Potter, R. E., Dollard, M. F., Owen, M. S., O’Keeffe, V., Bailey, T., & Leka, S. (2017). Assessing a national work health and safety policy intervention using the psychosocial safety climate framework. Safety Science, 100, 91–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2017.05.011
45. Potter, R. E., Dollard, M., Lerouge, L., Jain, A., & Leka, S. (2024). National Policy Index ( NPI ) for worker mental health and its relationship with enterprise psychosocial safety climate. Safety Science, 172(June 2023), 106428. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2024.106428
46. Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2008). Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behavior Research Methods, 40(3), 879–891. https://doi.org/10.3758/BRM.40.3.879
47. Schermelleh-Engel, K., Moosbrugger, H., & Müller, H. (2003). Evaluating the fit of structural equation models: Tests of significance and descriptive goodness-of-fit measures. MPR-Online, 8(2), 23–74.
48. Sousa, V. D., & Rojjanasrirat, W. (2011). Translation, adaptation and validation of instruments or scales for use in cross‐cultural health care research: a clear and user‐friendly guideline. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice, 17(2), 268–274. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2753.2010.01434.x
49. Steffens, N. K., Haslam, S. A., Schuh, S. C., Jetten, J., & van Dick, R. (2017). A meta-analytic review of social identification and health in organizational contexts. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 21(4), 303–335. https://doi.org/10.1177/1088868316656701
50. Tarka, P. (2018). An overview of structural equation modeling: its beginnings, historical development, usefulness and controversies in the social sciences. Quality & Quantity, 52(1), 313–354. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-017-0469-8
51. Taştan, S. B., & Güçel, C. (2014). Explaining intrapreneurial behaviors of employees with perceived organizational climate and testing the mediating role of organizational identification: A research study among employees of Turkish Innovative Firms. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 150, 862–871. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.09.095
52. Telef, B. (2013). The adaptation of psychological well-being into Turkish: A validity and reliability study (Psikolojik iyi oluş ölçeği: Türkçeye uyarlama, geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması). H. U. Journal of Education, 28(3), 374–384.
53. Teresi, M., Pietroni, D. D., Barattucci, M., Giannella, V. A., & Pagliaro, S. (2019). Ethical climate(s), organizational identification, and employees’ behavior. Frontiers in Psychology, 10(June). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01356
54. Thurston, E., & Glendon, A. I. (2018). Association of risk exposure, organizational identification, and empowerment, with safety participation, intention to quit, and absenteeism. Safety Science, 105(January 2017), 212–221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2018.02.012
55. Üstün, F. (2020). The effect of organizational identification on counterproductive work behaviors: The mediating role of psychological well-being (Örgütsel özdeşleşmenin üretkenlik karşıtı iş davranışları üzerine etkisi: Psikolojik iyi oluşun aracı rolü). İzmir Journal of Economics, 35(2), 357–374. https://doi.org/10.24988/ije.202035211
56. van den Tooren, M., & de Jong, J. (2014). Job demands-resources and employee health and well-being. Career Development International, 19(1), 101–122. https://doi.org/10.1108/CDI-05-2013-0058
57. Wegge, J., Van Dick, R., Fisher, G. K., Wecking, C., & Moltzen, K. (2006). Work motivation, organisational identification, and well-being in call centre work. Work & Stress, 20(1), 60–83. https://doi.org/10.1080/02678370600655553
58. Williams, B., Onsman, A., & Brown, T. (2010). Exploratory factor analysis: A five-step guide for novices. Australasian Journal of Paramedicine, 8(3), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.33151/ajp.8.3.93
59. Worringer, B., Genrich, M., Müller, A., Gündel, H., & Angerer, P. (2020). Hospital medical and nursing managers’ perspective on the mental stressors of employees. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(14), 5041. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17145041
60. Yulita, Y., Idris, M. A., & Dollard, M. F. (2022). Effect of psychosocial safety climate on psychological distress via job resources, work engagement and workaholism: a multilevel longitudinal study. International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 28(2), 691–708. https://doi.org/10.1080/10803548.2020.1822054