Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

OECD Ülkelerinde Büyüme ve Dış Ticaretin Toplam İşgücüne Etkisi: İki Aşamalı GMM Yöntemi

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 18 Sayı: 2, 1322 - 1345, 28.08.2021
https://doi.org/10.33437/ksusbd.735435

Öz

Bu çalışmada yıllık veriler yardımıyla 2000-2018 periyodu için OECD üyesi 36 ülkede, büyüme ve dış ticaretin, işgücü üzerindeki etkisi araştırılmıştır. Toplam işgücü miktarı, dolar bazında 2010 fiyatlarıyla kişi başı GSYİH, dolar bazında 2010 fiyatlarıyla mal ve hizmet ihracatı, dolar bazında 2010 fiyatlarıyla mal ve hizmet ithalatı, GSYİH’nin yüzdesi olarak brüt sabit sermaye oluşumu ve nüfus artış oranının kullanıldığı çalışmada, Arelano ve Bond tarafından geliştirilen iki aşamalı GMM yöntemi uygulanmıştır. Ayrıca dış ticaret; ithalat ve ihracat olarak ayrı ayrı temsil edilmiştir. Yedi farklı modelin kurgulandığı analiz sonuçlarında ise; büyüme, ihracat ve ithalatın, işgücünü pozitif şekilde etkilediği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Ayrıca tüm modellerde birer kontrol değişkeni olarak kullanılan, brüt sabit sermaye oluşumu ve nüfus artışının da işgücü üzerinde pozitif yönlü bir etki bıraktığı saptanmıştır.

Kaynakça

  • Adolph, Christopher – Quince, Vanessa – Prakash, Aseem (2017), “The Shanghai Effect: Do Exports to China Affect Labor Practices in Africa?”, World Development, 89, ss. 1-18.
  • Ahmadov, Dayanat (2020), “Stem Effect on GDP in Eu Countries: Labor Force Perspective”, Journal of Eastern European and Central Asian Research, 7(1), ss. 114-121.
  • Akyıldız, Hüseyin (2006), Türkiye’de İstihdamın Analitik Dinamiği, Asil Yayın Dağıtım, Ankara.
  • Arellano, Manuel ve Bond, Stephen (1991), “Some Tests Specification For Panel Data: Monte Carlo Evidence and an Application to Employment Equations”, The Review of Economic Studies, 58(2), ss. 277-297.
  • Bakari, Sayef – Mabroukib, Mohammed – Othmani, Abdelhafidh (2018), “The Six Linkages Between Foreign Direct Investment, Domestic Investment, Exports, Imports, Labor Force and Economic Growth: New Empirical and Policy Analysis from Nigeria”, Journal of Smart Economic Growth, 3(1), ss. 25-43.
  • Bilgili, Yüksel (2014), Makro İktisat, İkinci Sayfa Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Chen, Been Lon – Hsu, Mei – Lai, Chih-Fang (2016), “Relation between growth and unemployment in a model with labor-force participation and adverse labor institutions”, Journal of Macroeconomics, 50, ss. 273-292.
  • Cooray, Arusha – Dutta, Nabamita – Mallick, Sushanta (2017), “Trade Openness and Labor Force Participation in Africa: The Role of Political Institutions”, Industrial Relations, 56(2), ss. 319-350.
  • Çağlayan Akar, Ebru (2015), “Dinamik Panel Veri Modelleri”, Stata ile Panel Veri Modelleri, (Der. Selahattin Güriş), Der Yayınları, İstanbul, ss. 81-104.
  • Dong-han, Cai ve Ming-chun, Zhou (2003), “A Two-Sector Economic Growth Model with Labor Force Transfer”, Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences, 8(3), ss. 769-774.
  • Folasade, Poppola Bukola ve Olarewaju, Ayoola Joshua (2019), “A Comparative Analysis of The Relationship Between Female Labour Force Participation and Economic Growth: A Case Study of Nigeria And Ghana”, Journal of Academic Research in Economics, 11(3), ss. 705-724.
  • Francois, Joseph F (1996), “Trade, Labour Force Growth and Wages”, The Economic Journal, 106(439), ss. 1586-1609.
  • Güney, Taner (2017), “Hükümet etkinliği ve ekonomik büyüme ilişkisi”, International Review of Ecnomics and Management, 5(4), ss. 42-55.
  • Güriş, Selahattin (2015), “Panel Veri Modelleri”, Stata ile Panel Veri Modelleri, (Der. Selahattin Güriş), Der Yayınları, İstanbul, ss 1-38.
  • Kumari, Reena (2018), “Economic Growth, Disparity, and Determinants of Female Labor Force Participation: A Research Agenda”, World Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development, 14(2), ss. 138-152.
  • Lechman, Ewa ve Kaur, Harleen (2015), “Economic Growth and Female Labor Force Participation Verifying The U-Feminization Hypothesis. New Evidence For 162 Countries Over the Period 1990-2012”, Economics and Sociology, 8(1), ss. 246-257.
  • Lucian, Sala Adrian (2017), “Population Decline, Labor Force Changes and GDP Growth”, Annals of Constantin Brancusi University of Targu-Jiu. Economy Series, ss. 200-205.
  • Mason, Nicole M – Jayne, Thomas S – Shiferaw, Bekele (2015), “Africa’s Rising Demand for Wheat: Trends, Drivers, and Policy Implications”, Development Policy Review, 33(5), ss. 581-613.
  • Muratoğlu, Yusuf (2011), “Büyüme ve İstihdam Arasındaki İlişki: Türkiye Örneği”, International Conference on Eurasian Economies 2011, ss. 167-173.
  • Neycheva, Mariya (2013),” “Does Higher Level of Education of The Labor Force Cause Growth? Evidence from Bulgaria”, Economic Change and Restructuring: Empirical and Policy Research on the Transitional and Emerging Economies, 46(3), ss. 321-339.
  • Omar, Mahmoud Abu-Eideh (2014), “Factors of Economic Growth in Palestine: An Empirical Analysis During the Period of (1994-2013)”, International Journal of Business & Economic Development, 2(2), ss. 70-84.
  • Qayyum, Aaqib ve Zaman, Khalid (2019), “Dynamic Linkages Between International Trade, Gross Fixed Capital Formation, Total Labor Force and Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence from Pakistan”, Acta Universitatis Danubius: Oeconomica, 15(1), ss. 191-202.
  • Roodman, David (2009), “How to Do Xtabond2: An Introduction to Difference and System GMM in Stata”, The Stata Journal, 9(1), ss. 86-136.
  • Said, Mona (2012), “Trade Reform, Job Quality and Wages of The Working Poor in Egypt: Evidence from Manufacturing Panel Data”, The Journal of Developing Areas, 46(2), ss. 159-183.
  • Savaş, Vural F. (2007), İktisatın Tarihi, Siyasal Kitabevi, Ankara.
  • Terziev, Venelin ve Can, Hamit (2018), “The Relation Between the Migration, Population Aging, Labor Force Productivity and Economic Growth: An Analysis for Bulgaria”, OCERINT International Organization Center of Academic Research, ss. 445-451.
  • Ünsal, Erdal M. (2017), Makro İktisat, Murat Yayınları, Ankara.
  • Wang. Fei (2010), “A Cointegration Analysis on The Relationship Between China’s Rural Surplus Labor Transfer and Economic Growth”, 2010 Second International Conference on Communication Systems, Networks and Applications, 2, ss. 367-370.
  • White, Halbert (1980), “A Heteroskedasticity-Consistent Covariance Matrix Estimator And A Direct Test for Heteroskedasticity”, Econometrica, 48, ss. 817-838.
  • Windmeijer, Frank (2005), “A Finite Sample Correction for The Variance of Linear Efficient Two-Step GMM Estimators”, Journal of Econometrics, 126(1), ss. 25-51.
  • Venig, Aurora (2017), “The Development of Agriculture, A Basic Condition for The Progress of The Romanian Economy”, Analele Universitatii Din Oradea, Fascicula: Protectia Mediului, 29, ss. 71-76.
  • Vernon, M Briggs. (1987), “The Growth and Composition of The US Labor Force”, Science, 238(4824), ss. 176-180.
  • Yerdelen Tatoğlu, Ferda (2018), İleri Panel Veri Analizi, Beta Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Zhao, Huıri – Zhao, Haoran – Han, Xiaoyu – He, Zhonghua – Guo Sen (2016), “Economic Growth, Electricity Consumption, Labor Force and Capital Input: A More Comprehensive Analysis on North China Using Panel Data”, Energies, 9(11), ss. 1-21.
  • Zhu Sheng – Wu Qiu-jin – Wang Yun (2011), “Impact of Labor Force On China’s Economic Growth Based on Grey Metabolic GMM(1,1) Model”, Proceedings of 2011 IEEE International Conference on Grey Systems and Intelligent Services, ss. 262-265.
Toplam 35 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Ekonomi
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Yüksel Okşak 0000-0001-8794-4597

Tufan Sarıtaş 0000-0003-1728-2377

Yayımlanma Tarihi 28 Ağustos 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 18 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Okşak, Y., & Sarıtaş, T. (2021). OECD Ülkelerinde Büyüme ve Dış Ticaretin Toplam İşgücüne Etkisi: İki Aşamalı GMM Yöntemi. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 18(2), 1322-1345. https://doi.org/10.33437/ksusbd.735435

KSÜ Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi ULAKBİM-TR Dizin tarafından dizinlenen hakemli ve bilimsel bir dergidir.