Gestasyonel Diyabeti Olan ve Olmayan Gebelerin Sosyal Jetlag ve Beslenme Durumunun İncelenmesi

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 19 Sayı: 2, 40 - 48, 22.07.2024

Deniz Çatar , Sinem Bayram

https://doi.org/10.17517/ksutfd.1309909

Öz

Amaç: Bu bilimsel çalışma, gestasyonel diyabetli (GDM) ve GDM’li olmayan besin tüketim sıklıklarının sosyal jetlag (SJL) üzerindeki etkisinin değerlendirilmesi adına beslenme durumunun ve gebeliğe ait antropometrik özelliklerini belirlemek amaçlanmıştır.
Gereç̧ ve Yöntemler: Bu çalışma Başkent Üniversitesi Ankara Hastanesi Kadın Doğum Polikliniği’nde izlenen gönüllü 28 GDM’li olmayan (kontrol) ve 28 GDM’li (vaka) gebe kadın olmak üzere toplam 56 gebe üzerinde yürütülmüştür. Klinikte, jinekologlar tarafından takibi yapılan gebelerin genel özellikleri, besin tüketimleri, beslenme durumları, SJL durumları ve oral glukoz tolerans testi (OGTT) sonuçları değerlendirilmiştir. p değeri <0,05 istatistiksel olarak anlamlı kabul edilmiştir.
Bulgular: Ortaokul ve altı olan grupta; GDM olanların olmayanlara göre yüksek olduğu görülmüştür (p=0,001). Üniversite ve üstü olan grupta; GDM olanların olmayanlara göre düşük olduğu görülmüştür (p=0,001). SJL durumu ile pregestasyonel beden kütle indeksi (BKİ) arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ilişki bulunmazken GDM varlığı ile pregestasyonel BKİ arasında istatistiksel açıdan önemli bir fark saptanmıştır (p>0,05; p=0,001). GDM’lilerin diyetle günlük ortalama fruktoz, sükroz ve omega-3 yağ asidi alımının, non-GDM’lilere göre düşük olması istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmuştur (sırasıyla p=0,007; 0,001; 0,008). GDM ve non-GDM’liler grup içinde değerlendirildiğinde SJL <1 grubunun diyetle günlük ortalama omega-3 yağ asidi alımının, SJL1 olanlara göre yüksektir.
Sonuç̧: Bu çalışmada, GDM oluşumunda diyet içeriği (enerji ve makro besin ögeleri), gebelik sürecinde kazanılan ağırlık ve pregestasyonel BKİ’nin önemli etkisi olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. GDM’nin önlenmesinde ve tedavisinde prenatal dönemde ve gebelik sürecinde obezitenin kontrol edilmesi ile sağlıklı beslenmenin ve diyet tedavisinin önemli rolü bulunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Gestasyonel Diyabet, Sosyal Jetlag, Beslenme Durumu

Investigation of Social Jetlag and Nutritional Status of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Öz

Objective: This scientific study aimed to determine the nutritional status and anthropometric characteristics of pregnancy to evaluate the effect of the frequency of food consumption with and without GDM on social jetlag (SJL).
Material and Methods: This study was conducted on 56 pregnant women, 28 volunteers without GDM (control), and 28 pregnant women with GDM (cases), who were followed up in Baskent University Ankara Hospital Obstetrics and Gynecology Outpatient Clinic. General characteristics, food consumption, nutritional status, SJL status, and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) results of pregnant women followed up by gynecologists in the clinic were evaluated. P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: A statistically significant negative correlation was found between GDM status and education level (p<0.05). While there was no statistically significant relationship between SJL status and pre-gestational BMI, a statistically significant difference was found between GDM status and pre-gestational BMI (p>0.05; p<0.05). It was found statistically significant that the daily average intake of fructose, sucrose, and omega-3 fatty acids in GDM patients was lower than in non-GDM patients (p<0.05). When the GDM and non-GDM patients were evaluated within the group, the daily mean omega-3 fatty acid intake of the SJL <1 group was higher than the SJL³1 group (p<0.05).
Conclusion: In this study, it was concluded that diet content (energy and macronutrients), weight gained during pregnancy, and pre-gestational BMI have a significant effect on the formation of GDM. Controlling obesity in the prenatal period and during pregnancy, and healthy nutrition and diet therapy have an important role in preventing and treating GDM.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Gestational Diabetes, Social Jetlag, Nutritional Status

Kaynakça

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